mexicanwar.ppt the best, one and very useful

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1. The Mexican American War

2. Manifest Destiny
1840’s
California History

3. Manifest Destiny
•Journalist John L. O’ Sullivan
coined the phrase- Manifest
Destiny.
•He stated, “The United States
was predestined to control the
entire continent because God
wanted it that way.”
•“Americans believed that they
were destined to spread to
Pacific coast”
Journalist John L. O’ Sullivan

4. Why did Americans support
Manifest Destiny?
•Americans wanted to settle on
land along the west coast
•Americans feared the British
would take vacant lands in the
west.
•Merchants needed a place to
reload ship as they traveled to
Asia.
•Americans felt they were
spreading democratic values and
freedom to the west.
•The rise of nationalism in the
country.

5. The Goals of Manifest Destiny

6. Events leading to
The Mexican-American War
•In 1835, The United States offered to purchase
California for 5 millions dollars. Mexico refused.
•In 1845, United States offered to purchase New
Mexico and California for 25 million dollars.
•The US would absorb Mexico’s debt since it
owed money to Americans.

7. Causes
•Mexico was not happy with Texas annexing to
United States
•Mexico and United States arguing over the Rio
Grande River and Nueces River Boundaries
•United States wanted to expand to the West.

8. The War Begins
After the annexation of Texas in 1844, it
was only a matter of time before war
between Texas and the United States
would happen.
The war began in June of 1845.
President Polk sent general Zachary Taylor
to Texas to protect the American border
with Mexico.

9. General Antonio Lopez de Santa Ana

10. President James K. Polk

11. General Zachary Taylor

12. Border Dispute
The U.S. and Mexico had a different
opinion on where the border between
Texas and Mexico was as you will see on
the map that follows.

14. War of Aggression
President Polk sent General Taylor to the area
that the U.S. considered it’s border.
Predictably, Taylor’s troops were attacked by
the Mexican army.
Polk had what he wanted, a war with Mexico.

15. Polk’s message to Congress
“...after reiterated menaces, Mexico has
passed the boundary of the United States,
has invaded our territory and shed American
blood upon the American soil. She has
proclaimed that hostilities have
commenced, and that the two nations are
now at war...I invoke the prompt action of
Congress to recognize the existence of the
war, and to place it at the disposal of the
Executive the means of prosecuting the war
with vigor...”

16. What did the U.S. want from war with Mexico?
Land
Remember manifest destiny?
The U.S. wanted all the land west of Texas
including California.

17. Political Opposition to War
Many members of Congress opposed the war
with Mexico.
Some felt that the president had forced the
U.S. into the war, which was wrong because
only Congress can approve war.
Others just thought it was wrong to take any
territory from Mexico.

18. U.S. has huge technological advantage
Artillery - superior
large guns and better
ammunition
better rifles and
handguns, including
the colt revolver
telegraph = better
communications

19. U.S. has a huge population and economic
advantage
U.S. - 17 million people
Mexico - 7 million people
U.S. - growing economy
Mexico - in debt

20. U.S. Soldiers
Immigrants made up at least half of the enlisted
men in the army
1/4 of the enlisted soldiers were Irish.
The Mexicans made a strong appeal to these
Catholics to switch sides arguing that they were
more Catholic than American.
9,207 U.S. soldiers deserted during the war;
8.3%

21. Deaths during the war
One out of ten American soldiers died in
less than two years of service
Disease accounted for 7/8 of the deaths.
Crowded, unsanitary conditions and
impure water led to dysentery, lice, and
other diseases that spread rapidly.
12,518 American soldiers died during the
war.

22. Map of Mexican War Battles

23. Battles in Mexico
•Americans invaded New Mexico in 1846
•Many Americans died because of bad
conditions and diseases in Mexico

24. Battles in Mexico
•General Zachary Taylor led the troops
in Monterrey and captured the city on
September 25, 1846.

Battle of Monterrey

25. Battles in Mexico
•On March 28, 1847 ,General Winfield
Scott landed in Veracruz and defeated
the Mexicans. It was important for
Americans to control the port.

26. Battles in Mexico
•In the Fall of
Chapultepec,
Mexico lost to
the Americans
•Ninos Heroes
tried to hold on
to the Castle but
failed- they died
rather than
surrender
Americans taking over Mexico City

27. Results of the war
•Over 100 million was spent
on the war.
•13,780 people were killed.
•It helped Americans train in
military battle and it was
preparation for the Civil War
•Zachary “Old Rough and
Ready” Taylor becomes
President under the Whigs
Zachary Taylor

28. U.S. army goes all the way to Mexico City
As you saw on the preceding map, the U.S
army went all the way to Mexico City.
Once this happened, Mexico had no
choice but to surrender.

29. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed
ending the war.

30. Treaty Of Guadalupe Hidalgo
•It was signed on February
2, 1848.
•United States paid 15
million for the following
states: California, Nevada,
Arizona, New Mexico and
Utah.
•The border boundary was
the Rio Grande

31. The Mexican Cession

32. Mexican Cession
Mexico had to give up a great deal of land
at the conclusion of the war.
This territory included all of the present-
day states of California, Nevada, and Utah
and also parts of Arizona, Colorado, New
Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming.

33. Gadsden Purchase
1853 agreement to buy a strip of land in what
is now the southern United States so that a
railroad line could be built to the Gulf of
California. It cost $10 million.

35. Territorial Expansion

36. Slavery
One major problem faced the United States
after the war with Mexico. Would slavery be
allowed in the new territories?
This would be a question that would have to
be answered. As you may imagine, there
would be a great deal of conflict over this
issue.