Mhn ppt ( pritesh )depression

depression .ppt

1. PRESENTED BY :- PATEL PRITESH D M.Sc.Nursing in Mental Health DEPRESSION

2. DEPRESSION

3. INTRODUCTION Depression is a state of mental illness. It is characterised by deep, long-lasting feelings of sadness or despair. Depression can change an individual’s thinking/feelings and also affects his/her social behaviour and sense of physical well-being. It can affect people of any age group, including young children and teens. It can run in families and usually starts between the ages of 15 and 30 years. Women and elderly people are more commonly affected than men. There are several types of depression such as major depression it is a change in mood that lasts for weeks or months. It is one of the most severe

4. DEFINITION A disturbance of mood ,characterized by a full or partial depressive syndrome , or loss of interest of pleasure in usual activities and evidence of interference in social /occupation functioning .

5. Epidemiology Lifetime major depressive disorder is 20% in women and 12% in men . prevlence is as high as 10 % in patient observed in a medical setting . Depression is less common in the black population . The age of onset for depression in women and men are highest in those aged 25 -44 years.

6. Types of depression There are several forms of depression. Below are some of the most common types. Major depression A person with major depression experiences a constant state of sadness. They may lose interest in activities that they used to enjoy. Treatment usually involves medication and psychotherapy

7. Con.. Persistent depressive disorder :- Also known as dysthymia , persistent depressive disorder causes symptoms that last for at least 2 years. A person with this disorder may have episodes of major depression as well as milder symptoms. Bipolar disorder :- Depression is a common symptom of bipolar disorder, and research shows that people with this disorder may have symptoms  around half  of the time. This can make bipolar disorder hard to distinguish from depression.

8. Con.. Psychotic depression Some people experience psychosis with depression. Psychosis can involve delusions, such as false beliefs and a detachment from reality. It can also involve hallucinations things that do not exist. Postpartum depression postpartum depression is a complex mix of physical ,emotional , and behavioral changes that happen in some women after giving birth.

9. Con … Major depressive disorder with seasonal pattern Previously called  seasonal affective disorder , or SAD, this type of depression is related to the reduction in daylight during the fall and winter. It lifts during the rest of the year and in response to light therapy. People who live in countries with long or severe winters seem to be affected more by this condition.

10. Causes:- The medical community does not fully understand the causes of depression. There are many possible causes, and sometimes, various factors combine to trigger symptoms. Factors that are likely to play a role include: genetic features changes in the brain’s neurotransmitter levels environmental factors psychological and social factors additional conditions, such as  bipolar disorder

11. Signs And Symptoms Of Depression :- anxious, or "empty" feelings Feelings of hopelessness or pessimism Feelings of guilt, worthlessness, or helplessness Irritability, restlessness Loss of interest in activities or hobbies once pleasurable , including sex. Fatigue and decreased energy.

12. Con … Difficulty concentrating, remembering details, and making decisions Insomnia, early-morning wakefulness, or excessive sleeping Overeating, or appetite loss Thoughts of suicide , suicide attempts. pains , headaches , cramps , or digestive problems .

13. DIAGNOSIS History Collection Mental Status Examination ICD – 10 Criteria

14. TREATMENT Depression is treatable, and managing symptoms usually involves three components:- Support: This can range from discussing practical solutions and possible causes to educating family members. Psychotherapy: Also known as talking therapy, some options include one-to-one counseling and  cognitive behavioral therapy  (CBT). Drug treatment: A doctor may prescribe  antidepressants .

15. CON… Medication Antidepressants can help treat moderate-to-severe depression .

16. CON …. A person should only take these medications as their doctor prescribes. Supplements A person may take the herbs above as supplements to treat symptoms of mild-to-moderate depression. Other types of supplements may also help treat these symptoms.

17. CON… Food and diet Eating a lot of sugary or processed foods can lead to various physical health problems. Results of a 2019  study  suggest that a diet that includes many of these types of food could affect the  mental health  of young adults. The study also found that eating more of the following foods helped reduce depression symptoms. fruit vegetables fish olive oil

18. CON … Psychotherapy 1 Supportive psychotherapy. 2 psychoanalytic psychotherapy. 3 Group therapy 4 family & marital therapy . 5 cognitive behavioral therapy 6 interpersonal therapy Light therapy :- seasonal depression

19. Con … Electroconvulsive therapy   For cases in which medication and/or psychotherapy does not help relieve a person's treatment- resistant depression, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may be useful. Exercise Aerobic exercise raises endorphin levels and stimulates the neurotransmitter norepinephrine , which is linked with mood. This may help relieve mild depression.  

20. Nursing management Assessment :- Obtain general history of the client including social ,educational , occupational ,family ,past and present history etc . Nursing diagnosis :- high risk for violent . impaired verbal and social interaction .

21. Con… Altteration in activity of daily living or self care deficit . Altered nutrition less than body requirement . Altered sleep petterns .