micro cc cases.pptx microbiology for Medicine

This file us fir medical exams

1. C ases of the microbiolgy

2. 1-cryptococcus neoformans which might caused meningoencephalitis characterised by the altered mental status, past medical liver transplantation is an indication of cryptococcus neoformans because people with organ transplantation are at higher risk of getting the infection. G enerelized fatigue is a symptom too. B udding yeast is a charactaristic of fungi. T he picture shows the structure of cryptococcus neoformans. 2- direct microscopic examination(taken from a sample), culturing in sabouraud agar, biochemical tests, MALDI-TOF, and PCR 3- highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART), amphotericin B, flucytosine, these drugs work by binding or targeting the fungi and destroying them

3. T icket 8 A 53 year old woman receiving chemotherapy via a subclavian catheter for acute مدري شو , كان في شي مكتوب عن العين , white blood count(WBC) is 120, swab culture shows budding yeast. 1.Name the disease and causative agent. Explain your answer 2.Describe treatment and prevention.

4. 1- The disease is invasive candidiasis caused by candida albicans , candida albicans can be found on catheters and they are budding yeast(fungi), invasive candidiasis is a severe infection that targets your whole body, specifically blood, bones, brain and heart. In this case, it affected the eyes causing ocular candidiasis, also this patient is on chemotherapy so she’s immunosuppressed(high risk of getting the infection) Candida albicans is a normal microflora of the body but when immune system is compromised by diabetes, hiv infection, prolonged antibiotics and corticosteroids and cancer leads to systemic infection. They are small oval, has hyphae fungi. They can cause thrush(white plaques inside the mouth), vaginal yeast infection and invasive candidiasis. 2- treatment include amphotericin B and azoles like voriconazole. For prevention, a void foods high in sugar, reduce stress(because stress reduce immunity), good hygiene and avoiding prolonged use of antibiotics and corticosteroids. Protect your immunity.

5. 1-The disease is b lastomycosis caused by Blastomyces dermatitidis, it causes primary blastomycosis where it affects the lungs causing productive or dry hacking cough, chest pain, dyspnea(shortness of breath), fever, chills and drenching sweats. It can also cause extrapulmonary blastomycosis where it affects mainly skin causing skin lesions, also papules and painless abscess. Blastomyces dermatitidis are dimorphic which means they can be in yeast or mold form, found in soil, inhaled transmission, they have hyphae spores(shown in the blue picture), they’re budding cells. 2-treatment includes amphotericin B and fluconazole which binds or target the fungi and kills the. Prevention include a voiding high risk areas, avoid direct contact, good hygiene,and protection of immunity. 3- diagnosis include biochemical tests, serology and culturing in sabourauds dextrose agar(taking sample). A nswer:

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7. P athogen is mycobacterium tuberculosis, the disease is miliary tuberculosis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is gram positive, rod shaped, acid-fast bacillus, aerobic, catalase positive and transmitted through respiratory droplets. I t affects the respiratory system, and it has primary stage, latent, secondary, and miliary stage where it passes directly through the bloodstream(hematogenous spread). D iagnosis through cultivation in ziehl-neelsen stain and lowenstein-jensen medium + x-ray +tuberculin skin test T reatment include RIPE, rifampin,isoniazid,pyrazinamide a nd ethambutol BCG vaccine for prevention A nswer:

8. R habdoviruses- caused rabies, rabies is an acute infection of the central nervous system that is fatal Rna virus,bullet shaped, linear,enveloped,helical capsid,negative sense, replication in cytoplasm. (prodromal) E ariler symptoms of the infection include fever, malaise, photophobia and anorexia. A cute neurologic phase include: encephalitis, seizures, bizzare behaviour, hydrophobia(fear of water),hallucinations and increased salivation. T ransmitted through rabid animals, fox, racoons, skunks and bats. T here are no tests to diagnose rabies before the onset of symptoms.BUT, the tests include 1-immunofluorsence 2-histological examination for negri bodies 3-rabies antigens No treatment for rabies V accination of dogs and cats is effective for prevention K illed vaccine and live attenuated vaccine

9. 1-clostridium perfringens -caused gas gangrene, g as gangrene is a highly lethal infection of soft tissue. Clostridium perfringens is gram-positive, spore-forming obligate anaerobes, rod shaped, capsulated, non-motile, and non-flagellated. Transmitted through dirty wounds and food. I t causes 1)gas gangrene in wounds, c lostridium perfringens can infect wounds, particularly those that are deep, contaminated, or poorly managed. The bacteria produce toxins that destroy tissue and cause gas to accumulate in the affected area, leading to symptoms such as swelling, foul-smelling discharge, and tissue death(necrosis). 2)food poisoning, c onsuming food contaminated with Clostridium perfringens spores can result in the production of toxins in the intestines, leading to symptoms such as abdominal cramps, diarrhea, and nausea. -Laboratory tests like stool, wound and blood culture. Toxin testing like alpha or beta toxin within the pathogen. Treatment with broad spectrum antibiotics against anaerobic bacteria should be done like penicillin G, clindamycin + wound care and supportive treatment Prevention include proper wound care and good hygiene.

10. 2. A 66-year-old woman has blurred vision and slurred speech. She is afebrile. She is famous in her neighborhood for her home-canned vegetables and fruits. Name the pathogen, disease and recommended diagnostic tests clostridium botulinum, disease is food botulism 3. A 35-year-old woman has a papular rash on her trunk, arms, and palms. She says the rash does not itch. Vaginal examination reveals two flat, moist, slightly raised lesions on the labia. Material from a labial lesion examined in a dark-field microscope revealed spirochetes. Name the pathogen, disease and recommended diagnostic tests Treponema pallidum, disease is syphilis

11. اشيا للفائدة -if they brought in the exam sabourauds agar then its definetly a fungal infection. I f the patient is infant, his age is from 6 weeks to 6 months and he has bronchiolitis or lower respiratory tract disease then its definetly respiratory syncytial virus. I f the case said that there’s owl’s eye inclusions then its definetly CMV (cytomegalovirus) -if they show you a picture like this, and they say that the patient had lung infection previously( eg. T uberculosis ), then its definetly aspergilloma caused by aspergillus, and the pic describes fungal balls. -if they tell u that the patient has enlargment or inflammation of parotid gland then its definetly mumps(orchitis-inflammation of testicles also is an indication of mumps)

12. اشيا للفائدة ،اذا بيجي بالامتحان هدول الكلمات الي على اليمين معناتها الجواب الي عل يسار Pox virus: has Guarneri bodies Rhabdoviruses. Negri bodies Influenza A: swine flu RSV: causes infections in infants ages 6 weeks to 6 months Mumps: causes swelling of salivary glands Measles: rash The photo with x ray of the enlarged heart, the patient has viral myocarditis due to coxsackie B virus Picarnovirus (mainly polio virus): flaccid paralysis HIV: bilateral papilloedema , one of the primary effects is extreme leukopenia CMV: owl eye inclusions A question with enzymes table: is hepatitis Aspergilloma: fungus ball

13. M.tuberculosis

14. chlamydia trachomatis

15. T reponema pallidum

16. C lostridium tetani clostridium botulinum

17. adenoviruses

18. S mallpox

19. R habdovirus-rabies (bullet shape)

20. I nfluenza