Microbiology and Microbial Diversities

Microbiology and Microbial Diversities
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1. Microbiology and Microbial Diversities Atifa Ambreen M. Phil, Microbiology GC University, Faisalabad

2. Microbiology Microbiology  is the  study  of all living organisms that are too small to be visible with the naked eye. BRANCHES Pure microbiology Bacteriology Mycology Phycology Protozoology Parasitology Immunology Virology

3. Microbial Diversity Microbial diversity includes microorganism’s distribution in nature, their relationship with each other and other living organisms, their effects on human beings and other animals and plants. They are closely associated with the health and welfare of human beings.

4. Bacteriology The study of bacteria & the subdivision of microbiology involves the identification, classification, and characterization of bacterial species.

5. Important species in Bacteriology: Staphylococcus aureus Pseudomonas aeruginosa Salmonella Typhi Escherichia coli Clostridium tetani

6. Habitat of Bacteria Bacteria widely distributed in soil and water, or with other biological symbiosis. Human body also has a considerable number of bacteria. It is estimated that the human body and the skin on the total number of bacterial cells is about ten times the total number of human cells. There are also some species found in extreme environments, such as hot springs, they are classified as extremophiles , which is one of the most famous types of habitat .

7. Virus An infective agent that typically consists of a nucleic acid molecule in a protein coat, is too small to be seen by light microscopy, and is able to multiply only within the living cells of a host.

8. Habitat of Viruses Viruses are not able to survive with out a host cell, and thus active viruses reside inside a host body. They effect on host vary as well. They can lower host immunity

9. Fungus • A fungus is a member of a large group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, Fungi.

10. Molds The term mold is applied to a large and taxonomically diverse number of fungal species where their growth results in a moldy appearance of objects, especially food.

11. Habitat & Distribution Fungi have a worldwide distribution, and grow in a wide range of habitats, including extreme environments such as deserts or areas with high salt concentrations or ionizing radiation, as well as in deep sea sediments. Most grow in terrestrial environments, though several species live partly or solely in aquatic habitats. Around 100,000 species of fungi have been formally described by taxonomists. The fungal kingdom has been estimated to contain about 1.5 million species.

12. Yeast: Yeasts are eukaryotic microorganisms, classified in the Kingdom fungi. Yeasts are unicellular, although some species with yeast forms may become multicellular

13. NUTRITION AND GROWTH Use organic compounds as a source of energy Do not require sunlight to grow Carbon is obtained mostly from hexose sugars, such as glucose and fructose. Grow best in a neutral or slightly acidic pH environment. Some species can metabolize pentose sugars like ribose, alcohols, and organic acids

14. Usages: In bakery industries. Producing Alcoholic beverages like mead, Beer , Wine etc. In food spoilage. Saccharomyces cerevisiae , is used in baking as a leavening agent Brewer's yeast is also very rich in essential minerals and the B vitamins(except B12)

15. THANK YOU …