MICROCAPSULES

Microcapsules- Preparation & Evaluation.

1. PREPARATION & EVALUATION OF MICROCAPSULE Presented by MR. SOURAV MAURH ROLL NO-15920322006 REG NO-221592310020 OF 2022-2023 M. Pharm 1 th Semester, 2022-2024 Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology Haringhata – 741249, West Bengal Calcutta Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology & AHS Banitabla , Uluberia , Howrah – 711316, West Bengal

2. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION REASONS FOR MICROCAPSULATION TYPES OF MICROCAPSULES FORMULATION CONSIDERATIONS PREPARATION OF MICROCAPSULES EVALUATION OF MICROCAPSULES APPLICATION OF MICROCAPSULES IN PHARMACY CONCLUSION REFERENCES

3. INTRODUCTION Microcapsules are a small sphere with a uniform wall around it. The material inside the microcapsule is referred to as the core/internal phase, whereas the wall is sometimes called a shell/coating. The microcapsule size range from 1 μ-7mm. All the 3 states i.e. solid, liquid and gases may be encapsulated which may affect the size and shape of capsules. If the solid or crystalline material is used as the core, the resultant capsule may be irregularly shaped. If the core material is liquid, simple spherical capsules containing a single droplet of encapsulate may be formed. Microcapsule

4. REASONS FOR MICROCAPSULATION It is mainly used to increase the stability, and sustained/prolonged release of the product. Controlling the release rate of the drug from the microcapsules. This technique was widely used for masking taste and odor of many drugs and to improve patient compliance. For converting liquid drugs into a free flowing powder

5. TYPES OF MICROCAPSULES Mononuclear (core-shell) microcapsules contain the shell around the core. Polynuclear capsules have many cores enclosed within the shell. Matrix encapsulation in which the core material is distributed homogeneously into the shell material.

6. FORMULATION CONSIDERATIONS Core Material : The core material is defined as the specific material to be coated whether it can be a solid or liquid. The solid core can be the active ingredient, stabilizers, diluents, excipients. Coating Material : Coating materials are defined as a layer of substance covered over the core for production of the drug.

7. PREPARATION OF MICROCAPSULES

8. PHYSICAL METHODS AIR SUSPENSION METHOD :

9. PAN COATING METHOD :

10. SPRAY DRYING :

11. SOLVENT EVAPORATION : CHEMICAL METHODS Dissolved With Agitation Heating

12. POLYMERIZATION : Addition Temperature increase

13. COACERVATION PHASE SEPARATION : PHYSICO-CHEMICAL METHODS

14. EVALUATION OF MICROCAPSULES PERCENTAGE YIELD : The total amount of microcapsules obtained was weighed and the percentage yield calculated taking into consideration the weight of the drug and polymer. "Percentage yield = ‘ Amount of microcapsule obtained/Theoretical Amountx100’ SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY : Scanning electron photomicrographs of drug loaded with polymer, microcapsules were taken. A small amount of microcapsules was spread on gold stub and was placed in the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) chamber. "Encapsulation efficiency = Actual Drug Content/Theoretical Drug Content x100"

15. PARTICLE SIZE ANALYSIS : For size distribution analysis, different sizes in a batch were separated by sieving by using a set of standard sieves. The amounts retained on different sieves were weighed. INVITRO DRUG RELEASE STUDES : Drug release was studied by using USP type II dissolution test apparatus in Phosphate buffer of pH 7.4 (900 ml). The paddle speed at 100 rpm and bath temperature at 37 ± 0.5°c were maintained through out the experiment. A sample of microcapsules was used in each test. The absorbance was determined by UV spectrophotometer at specific wavelength.

16. APPLICATION OF MICROCAPSULES IN PHARMACY To improve the flow properties. e.g. Thiamine, Riboflavin. To enhance the stability. e.g. Vitamins. To avoid incompatibilities. e.g. Aspirin and Chloramphenicol To reduce gastric irritation. e.g. Nitrofurantoin, Indomethacin To mask the unpleasant taste and odor. e.g. Aminophylline, castor oil.

17. CONCLUSION Microencapsulation technology can protect active materials against environment, stabilize them, prevent or suppress volatilization. This approach facilitates accurate delivery of small quantities of potent drugs and reduced drug concentrations at sites other than the target organ or tissue. Microencapsulation technology can provide new forms and features, thus, it can create whole new fields of application in novel drug delivery system.

18. REFERENCES : Simon Benita,'Microencapsulation -Methods and Industrial Applications”, 2nd edition, Vol-158 ,Book and allied Pvt Ltd,2002;page no. 506. James Swarbrick, "Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology" 3rd edition; Vol-4;Rastogi Publication,1993, Page no. 2315. Lachman & Liberman, "The Theory & Practice of Industrial Pharmacy” 3rd edition ; Varghese publication house,1991; Page no. 412. N. K. Jain, “Controlled & Novel Drug Delivery” , 1 st edition; CBS publication,2004; Page no. 237.