Microchemistry

Various impact and challenges of microchemistry

1. BY TRISHA DAS 18HMPA05 PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE HIMALAYAN PHARMACY INSTITUTE MAJHITAR, EAST SIKKIM SIKKIM MICRO CHEMISTRY- IMPACT AND CHALLENGES 1

2. Definition The branch of chemistry concerned with the reactions and properties of substances in minute quantities. 2

3. Medical definition, Chemistry dealing with manipulation of very small quantities for the purposes of preparation , characterization and analysis 3

4. Difference between Microchemistry and Small Scale Chemistry SMALL SCALE CHEMISTRY MICROCHEMISTRY Small scale chemistry uses plastics lab ware and chemicals to reduce concentrations. This method is commonly used to save on supplies. Microchemistry uses glassware that is specifically designed for microchemistry and chemicals in smaller volumes. This method is commonly used to reduce the quantities of chemicals used 4

5. Types of Microchemical reactions Microchemical reactions can be classified on the basis of their reaction products: Spot tests Crystal tests Microchemical analysis 5

6. Spot tests These are typically based upon the formation of colored reaction products, reaction indicators involves formation of gases, florescent compounds etc. Spot test are usually very sensitive. 6

7. Beside their use as screening tests for the controlled substances, spot tests are used throughout a modern forensic science laboratory as well as in the field at crime scenes 7

8. Uses: Spot tests are used for explosive and explosive residue analysis. Unburned powder residues on clothing or skin can be visualized and identified by spot testing. Used in serology Used in analytical evidence of trace evidence. 8

9. Crystal tests Crystal tests derive their name from the fact that the reaction products of these tests are crystalline solids. Qualitative crystal tests for inorganic ions are well establised Uses: Crystal tests are useful for the identification of many other organic substances besides drugs 9

10. Microchemical tests and techniques are best used in conjunction with sensitive analytical instruments. Microchemical techniques are also important as tools for the preparation of small samples or single particles for instrumental analysis Microchemical analysis 10

11. Impact of Microchemistry Microchemistry ensures those processes that cannot be carried out in standard reaction. This technology offers a better control of chemical process and thus makes the development and production of higher quality and purity products possible. 11

12. Microchemistry increases chemical process’s safety and environment friendliness. Smaller reagent volumes are used and explosive reactions are conducted in a confined environment. It leads also to higher energy efficiency with a better defined and more precise control over the reaction. 12

13. It shortens reaction times, and makes it possible to run standard cryogenic reactions at room temperature. From an economic point of view, although the investment cost is higher than for batch processes with similar throughput, the operating costs are lower. 13

14. In a future perspective, microchemistry could also be used for delocalized production avoiding product transportation. 14

15. Challenges of microchemistry The challenge for this technology is to spread the use of this technology. It will be possible by overcoming the remaining technical and economic hurdles to Microchemistry implementation. The main challenge of Microchemistry is now to optimize the number of reactions made possible, especially in the solid phase. 15

16. Benefits Waste is reduced Promotes safety It cuts costs It also saves time 16

17. Advantages 17

18. Other advantages are: Accelerated Reaction Integrated Operations Compact Size, Minute Volumes Efficient Synthesis 18

19. Future trends This new technology is expected to contribute largely to the future science technology by miniaturizing the processes that has been operated at laboratories or factories. 19

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23. References https://www.i-mt.co.jp/en/about/micro-chemical/ https://www.chemservice.com/news/2014/06/discover-the-benefits-of-microchemistry/ Pieters B, Andrieux G, Eloy J.C, The impact of microtechnologies on Chemical and Pharmaceutical production processes, chem. Eng. Technol. 2007, 30, No. 3, 407-409. 23