Migration

Migration

1. MIGRATION

2. Students are to: Define the terms: migration, internal migration, external migration, international migration, permanent migration, temporary migration, emigration, immigration, brain drain. Identify the types of migration. Assess the factors that cause/influence international migration. Discuss the impact of international migration.

3. WHAT IS MIGRATION? Migration is the movement of people from one area to another. Those who move are called migrants .

4. TYPES OF MIGRATION

5. PERMANENT vs. TEMPORARY MIGRATION PERMANENT MIGRATION:- This involves people leaving their home with no intention of returning to live there again. TEMPORARY MIGRATION:- This involves people leaving their home area for a fairly short period of time, and then going back to it, example seasonal agricultural workers recruited to work in Florida (farm work).

6. EXTERNAL vs. INTERNAL MIGRATION EXTERNAL MIGRATION:- This involves people crossing international boundaries, and moving from one country to another. INTERNAL MIGRATION:- This involves people moving from one part of a country to another part of the same country.

7. EMIGRATE vs. IMMIGRATE In the case of external migration , there is emigration and immigration . EMIGRATION is the movement out of a country. The people who move are emigrants . IMMIGRATION is the movement into a country. The people who move are immigrants .

8. In the case of internal migration , there is out-migration and in-migration . OUT-MIGRATION:- The movement of people out of one area. IN-MIGRATION:- The movement of people into an area. The most common form of internal migration is rural-urban migration – movement from rural areas to urban areas.

9. THE CAUSES OF MIGRATION (INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION)

10. Why do people leave the area where they have been living, and look for a new home somewhere else? Due to the migrant becoming dissatisfied with conditions in his or her home area, and believing that they will find better conditions somewhere else. The reasons for migration are categorized into 2 groups of factors: push factors , and pull factors.

11. PUSH FACTORS:- things about life in the migrant’s old home area which made him want to leave it. Examples: Unemployment Political problems/instability PULL FACTORS:- things about life in some other place which attract migrants to it. Examples: Better job/employment opportunities/higher income Better standards of living/better lifestyle More modern amenities Better health facilities Better education facilities (school) Opportunities for entertainment.

12. IMPACTS OF MIGRATION (INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION) On the SOURCE AREA (area which the migrant leaves):- NEGATIVE: Decline in population or reduction in growth rate. This can be a positive or negative effect. ‘Brain drain’ – many of the people emigrating to countries such as Canada and the USA are professional people such as doctors, teachers, nurses or highly skilled workers.

13. POSITIVE Migrants usually send or take money back to their country of origin, providing foreign exchange. These are remittances . It provides a temporary solution to unemployment. It reduces the stress on the social services (school, health service)

14. On the receiving areas (area which the migrant moves to):- Growth in the population Increased pressure on resources and social services, example health services and schools, to provide for new immigrants. Social resentment (prejudice) towards the newly arrived. Positive effects include: A readily available labour force New skills are introduced into the labour force Creation of a multicultural society

15. WHY DO JAMAICANS MIGRATE INTERNATIONALLY? Vanessa is a nurse and her husband is a policeman. She recently applied through an overseas recruitment programme to work in North Carolina, USA, and will be leaving in about 3 weeks with her family. Why does she want to migrate to the USA? Is this permanent or temporary migration? Andrew is a farmer who lives with his wife and 4 children in Askenish , Hanover. He recently was recruited to work on a farm in Canada for 5 months, through the Ministry of Labour’s Farm Work Programme. Is this permanent or temporary migration? Why did Andrew apply through the farm work programme?

16. Marie is a trained/certified hotel room attendant, who works at a hotel on the south coast. She was recently recruited to work in a hotel in Canada for 5 months. Is this permanent or temporary migration? Why did Marie apply through the hotel work programme, if she was already working in a hotel? Mark was made redundant from his job 2 years ago and still has not been able to find another job. He now drives a ‘robot’ taxi, and has 2 children younger than 9 years old. He decided to use his US visa to go to New York to ‘look life’? What does Mark mean by to ‘look life’? Would it be permanent or temporary migration? What may happen to Mark if he decides to stay in the US beyond his time limit?