Mine Waste Management

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1. Group members Hira Nasir Natasha Khatri Awais Aqib Sahib Zahree Abdullah

2. Mine Waste Management Introduction Types of Mine Waste Effects of Mine Waste Management Of Mine Waste Turning Mine Waste Into A Resource Conclusion

3. Introduction Mining Waste Mining operation brings out all sorts of unwanted materials, which is known as mining waste. Mining waste can be defined as a part of the materials that result from exploration, mining and processing of substance governed by legislation on mines and quarries. Mining operation also produce diverse kind of potentially hazardous waste.

4. MINING EXPLORATION

5. Mine Exploration Mine exploration is a sequential process of information gathering that assesses the mine potential of a given area. It starts with an idea or geologic model that identifies lands worthy of further exploration.

6. The Mine and Quarries Act 1954 The Royal commission on safety in coal mines (1935 to 1938) was set up “ to inquire whether the safety and health of mine workers can be better assured by extending or modifying the principles of the general provisions of the Coal Mines Act, 1911”. The Second World War ( 1939 to 45) and the Nationalization of the coal industry in 1947 delayed enactment until November 1954 and its provisions did not come into effect until 1 January 1957. The 1954 Act dealt with general principles with detailed technical requirements covered by Regulations. In the period from 1957 to 87 nearly fifty sets of detailed Regulations and Orders were made to keep developing technology.

7. These are the methods techniques employed when the depth of the deposit, the stripping ratio of the overburden to ore, pr both becomes excessive to surface exploitation. Terminology Mining: The activity, occupation and industry concerned with the extraction of minerals . Underground Mining: Mineral exploitation in which all the extraction is carried out beneath the surface of earth. Underground Mining Methods:

8. Types of Mine Waste There are different types of mine waste materials which vary in their physical and chemical composition, their potential for environmental contamination, and how they are managed at mine sites. types of mine waste include: Tailings: Are finely ground rock and mineral waste products of mineral processing operations. Tailings can also contain leftover processing chemicals, and are usually deposited on the form of a water-based slurry into tailings ponds (sedimentation lagoons enclosed by dams built to capture and store the tailings), although offshore tailings disposal has been successful in some cases .

9. TAILING

10. SLAGS Are non-metallic by products from metal smelting, and were historically considered to be waste. Slags are largely environmentally benign, and are being used increasingly as aggregate in concrete and road Construction

11. Is produced in a number of ways at mine sites, and can vary in its quality and potential for environmental contamination. Water at mine sites is frequently monitored and various water management strategies have been developed to reduce the amount of mine water produced, and treat the water before it is discharged to environment . Mine water :

12. Effects of Mine Waste Mine wastes may be in the form of Solid waste, Water waste, or Gaseous waste. Harmful environmental effects of Mine: Subsides ( subsurface mining hazard). Toxic- laced mining waste. Acid mine drainage. Air pollution. Major pollution of water and air. Effect on Aquatic life. Large amounts of solid waste. EPA cites that mining has polluted 40% of western watersheds. Illegal Mining: Water poisoning of all the living things in it. Destruction of beautiful coral reefs. Barrenness of and. Disruption of and surface

13. Major pollution of water Acid mine drainage Leaching of heavy metals Oil and chemicals spills Highly toxic cyanide salts are used to extract gold from its ore; leave behind cyanide laden water. The major environmental impacts from waste disposal at mine sites can be divided into two categories; loss of production land following its conversion to a waste storage area and the introduction of sediment, acidity and others contaminates into surrounding surface and ground water from water running area exposed problematic or chemically reactive wastes.

14. Turning Mine wastes into a resources The large volumes of waste produced at mining operations are expensive to manage, and are frequently cited as an obstacle in the environmental sustainability of mining. The mining industry plays a leading role in waste management, and is one of few industries that recycles its own waste. Uses of mine waste include: 1- Waste rock: Can be reprocessed to extract minerals and metals, used as back fill, land scaping material, aggregate in road construction, or feedstock for cement and concrete 2- Manganese tailings: Have been used in agro-forestry, building and construction materials, coating, resin, glass, and glazes. 3- Clay-rich tailings: Have been used for making bricks, floor tiles, and cement. 4- Slag: Is often used for road construction, and in concrete and cement.

15. Turning Mine wastes into a resources 5-Red mud: Bauxite red mud is solid alkaline waste produced in aluminum refineries. Red mud has been used as a soil amender, in waste water treatment, and as raw material for glass, ceramics, and bricks. 6-Water treatment sludge: Sludge from ARD treatment, which is high in iron, has been sold commercially for use in pigments. 7-Mine water: Is used for dust suppression and mineral processing, industrial and agriculture uses, as a coolant, and as a source of drinking water . 8-Sulphur oxide emissions: Many smelters have installed acid plants to convert sulphur dioxide to sulphuric acid, a useful industrial chemical.

16. Method of management has been described as getting thing done by other people. They are responsible for planning organizing and controlling organizational activities manager set budgets monitor those budgets and identify way making sure that budget as well as people managers resources people, plant, time, material finance etc. People sometime think management is very precise science. Represent the specific mean of management . It manage the organization, resources and its processes manage . The significantly affect the planning, organizing and the performance of other managed function. The despite the recycling and reuse of many wastes at time mine sites the majority of waste produce is still place into storage facilities. The reclamation and long time management of those facilities has been become a important part of modern mine development and mine closure. The plans for mine closure and site cleanup are required as part of the mine permitting process is caned and the plans are uploaded after additional study. Management of Mine waste

17. Conclusion 1- Safe disposal of mine waste. 2- Humans must focus in understanding the character, stability, impact, remediation and reuse of the mine waste. 3- Currently , extensive planning for and caring out environmentally conscious mining activities of sites cleanup and rehabilitation of mine waste are of primary concern.