mineralization soil and agricultural ppt

Introduction of minaralization
Types of minaralization
Factors affect ,etc

1. VIVEKANANDHA ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGE FOR WOMEN VEERCHIPALYAM-637303,SANKAGIRI,SALEM Dt.,TAMILNADU,INDIA. AFFILIATED TO PERIYAR UNIVERSITY,SALEM;RECOGNISED UNDER SECTION 2(F)&12(B) OF THE UGC ACT 1956) SUBJECT INCHARGE ; DR.R.DINESHKUMAR , ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY, VIAAS,SANKAGIRI. DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY SUBJECT : SOIL AND AGRIULTURAL MICROBIOLOGY SUBMITTED BY; JANAKI.S, III B.SC.MICROBIOLOGY, DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLGY, VIAAS,Sankagiri. TITLE : MINERALIZATION

2. OVERVIEW; Introduction Types of mineralization What is mineralization? Factors that affects the rate of mineralization Mineralization and immobilization conclusion

3. INTRODUCTION In soil science, mineralization is the decomposition (i.e., oxidation) of the chemical compounds in organic matter, by which the nutrients in those compounds are released in soluble inorganic forms that may be available to plants. Mineralization is the opposite of immobilization.

4. Mineralization increases the  bioavailability of the nutrients that were in the decomposing organic compounds, most notably (because of their quantities)  nitrogen ,  phosphorus , and  sulfur . Whether the decomposition of an organic compound will result in mineralization or immobilization is dependent on its concentration proportionate to that of the  carbon  in the organic matter.  As a rule of thumb, if the concentration of a specific element exceeds the needs of the decomposer for  biosynthesis  or storage, then it will mineralize.

5. TYPES OF MINERALIZATION 1) NITROGEN MINERALIZATION 2) CARBON MINERALIZATION 1) NITROGEN MINERALIZATION: The decomposition of organic nitrogenous compounds and dead organisms to obtain inorganic nitrogen. This process is also known as ammonification because it releases ammonium.

6. 2) Carbon mineralization The conversion of organic matter into inorganic carbon, which occurs primarily during organic matter decomposition. This process is important for predicting nutrient availability to plants and CO2 emissions to the atmosphere. Soil microbes carry out the process of converting organic nitrogen into plant-available inorganic forms through aminization, ammonification, and nitrification.

7. WHAT IS MINERALIZATION? Mineralization is the process of converting chemical substances into organic matter, or breakdown in layman's terms. Biological mineralization , bone mineralization , soil mineralization , organic mineralization , inorganic mineralization , and so on are examples. The concept of mineralization varies based on the type of mineralization that is occurring .

8. It is characterized in terms of bone as the process by which the organic bone matrix is filled by a highly precise order of nanocrystals of calcium phosphate. Osteoblasts carry out this process, which is aided by an osteoid matrix. The osteoid matrix is made up of type I collagen fibers organized in micro and macro structures to form a bone. Biomineralization is the process by which living organisms create a specific form of mineral in order to harden the tissues' existing structure. Mineralised tissues are the name for these sorts of tissues.

9. FACTORS AFFECTS THE RATE OF MINERALIZATION The number of minerals and organic materials in the soil Temperature, pH, and soil moisture content Type of soil In an acidic environment, the mineralization process is sluggish. In a warm environment, the rate of mineralization increases, and it fluctuates with the seasons. Because nitrogen-fixing bacteria are abundant in the root nodules of legume crops, the process of mineralization is accelerated.

10. MINERALISATION AND IMMOBILISATION   mineralization and immobilization are two words that are mutually exclusive . Mineralization is the process of converting organic matter into mineral nutrients that are easily taken by plants. I mmobilization is the process of mineral uptake by soil bacteria and conversion to organic matter that is inaccessible to plants.  Decomposition results in mineralization or immobilization depending on the carbon to mineral ratio . If the C/N ratio is high, for example, immobilization is favored, and microorganisms may be able to absorb ammonia and nitrates from the soil.

11. On the other side, if the C/N ratio is low, organic N mineralization occurs. More fast mineralization can be achieved by increasing soil organic matter using legume residues. As the legume residues are depleted in the summer and autumn, the rate of mineralization may be high. This suggests that the rate of mineralization in the soil without legumes will be the same or lower in the subsequent crop. When planning fertilizer application rates, growers should keep this in mind.

12. The weather conditions that affect the mineralization process can also have an impact on nitrogen losses, such as the leaching process, which is greatest in wet winters on sandy soils, and denitrification, which is the loss of soil nitrate as nitrogen gas, which occurs primarily on saturated heavy soils in summer. As a result, rather than focusing on individual losses, producers should focus on enhancing nitrogen use efficiency by determining the best nitrogen treatment rates and timings.

13. CONCLUSION The process of conversion of organic compounds into inorganic compounds by various methods of decomposition.  For example, when the crystal morphology, growth, composition, and location is completely controlled by the cellular processes of an organism then the biologically controlled mineralization or biomineralization happens. The amount of nitrogen mineralization depends on the three factors, they are: Nitrogen content in the soil. Temperature. Water content in the soil .

14. During the growing stage, the amount of mineralization is predictable and they can be estimated in a period. Research shows that retaining the stubble on the surface of the soil does not increase the mineralization process. The mineralization process is not greatly increased by the cultivation in regions of Australia, in contrast to soils in western Europe and North America where disturbance by cultivation causes a large increase. Measurements in Australia show little effect, which can be attributed to our light cultivation techniques.

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