Minerals and rock,3 main categories of rocks

Earth and life science

1. THE THREE MAIN
CATEGORIES OF ROCKS
•Group 3 presentation

16. The origin and environment
of formation of common
minerals and rocks

17. HOW DOES MINERALS FORM?
Minerals can form anywhere on Earth—even at Earth’s
surface.
How minerals form depends chiefly on physical and
chemical conditions in their source environments.

18. HOW DOES MINERALS FORM?
Hydrothermal Environments
Even in the driest places on Earth, water is involved in forming minerals.
Hydrothermal processes require hot water, which dissolves minerals and
transports their components where the water goes, along fractures and
through porous rocks.
As the water travels, it cools—or other conditions change—and the
dissolved materials can be deposited in spaces in the surrounding rocks,
forming veins or pockets of minerals.

19. HOW DOES MINERALS FORM ?
Metamorphic Environments
Metamorphic rocks all had previous “lives.”
The minerals in the original rock were formed at one set of conditions, but
were then subjected to different conditions of heat, pressure, and H2O
abundance in Earth’s crust.
They responded to that change by transforming to become minerals stable
under the new conditions. Metamorphic rocks and minerals record the
history of the dynamic Earth.

20. HOW DOES MINERALS FORM?
Igneous Environments
Igneous rocks and minerals solidify from molten rock, called magma
below the Earth’s crust and lava when flowing above ground.
These rocks and their mineral components, presented below, are the
result of processes that formed Earth and other rocky planets. Igneous
environments are integral to the recycling of Earth’s crust; they produce
the granite roots of the continental plates and basaltic rocks beneath
the oceans. For those studying our dynamic planet, igneous rocks and
minerals are windows into Earth’s deep processes.

21. HOW DOES MINERALS FORM?
Pegmatitic Environments
Pegmatites are a special kind of igneous rock characterized by
large, occasionally enormous, interlocking crystals–sometimes of
unusual minerals containing rare elements.
Large crystals typically mean that magma cooled slowly, allowing
crystals to grow for a long time, but pegmatites are rule-breakers.
Special circumstances, particularly enrichment in H2O, allow them to
solidify rapidly, sometimes in just a few days. Pegmatites are a
source of minerals for gemstones, industry, and rare element ores.

22. HOW DOES MINERALS FORM?
Weathering Environments
Earth is always changing. As rocks and minerals become exposed at its
surface, the weathering process changes them through exposure to air,
water, ice, and life.
Weathering is often accompanied by erosion, or the transportation of
weathered materials by flowing water, wind, ice, and gravity.
Weathering counteracts Earth’s dynamic building processes and, over
millions of years, has produced the clays, soils, and salts critical to the
survival of life on Earth—including our own.

32. END NA EYYYYYY!!!
BUT WAIT THERE’S
MORE…..

33. QUIZ TIMEEE!!!
GET ¼ SHEET OF PAPER
Answer items 1-10

34. 1. It is the chemical precipitated from hot solution within earth.
A. Igneous rocks
B. sedimentary rocks
C. metamorphic rocks
D. Hydrothermal

2. It is solidification of molten lava blobs erupted by volcanoes.
A. Igneous rock
B. Sedimentary rocks
C. metamorphic rock
D. hydrothermal
I.Multiple choice

35. 3. It defines the squeezed and compressed into rock
A. Igneous rocks
B. metamorphic rocks
C. sedimentary rocks
d. hydrothermal
4. All magma that develops underground, in the lower crust or upper
mantle because of the intense heat
A. Igneous rock
B. metamorphic rocks
C. sedimentary rocks
D. hydrothermal

36. 5. The transformation of existing rocks to new types of rocks.
A. Igneous rocks
B. metamorphic rocks
C. sedimentary rocks
D. hydrothermal
II.IDENTIFICATION
1. These minerals splits along flat planes.
2. It is the resistance of a mineral to being scratch.
3. It often used, but reliable.
4-5. what are the two example of LUSTER