Mitigation of an Earthquake

History, Major earthquakes in India, Management, National vision and case studies

1. Prepared by: Siddhi Adhav & Akash Tikhe ([email protected]) Mitigation of an Earthquake

2. What is an Earthquake? An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves. Impact of earthquake Is characterized by intensity and epicenter , also aftershocks. Reasons - a . Tectonic movement b. Outer stresses c. Volcanic eruptions d. Seismic waves

3. History Eons – plate formation during formation of earth . Tectonic plates . Different pressures and structure Difference in duration of formation.

4. Major earthquakes in India. The baseline study for planning is obtained from these earthquakes.

5. Recent earthquake Moderately strong earthquake has hit a mountainous region in Indian-controlled Kashmir. Magnitude-5.7 Richter scale. Nine people injured and several buildings are damaged including two schools and four residential buildings. It also disrupted cell phone communications .

6. Disaster management The Disaster Management Act, 2005 (DM Act, 2005) lays down institutional and coordination mechanism for effective disaster management (DM) at the national, state and district levels. A continuous and integrated process of planning, organizing, coordinating and implementing measures which are necessary or expedient for prevention of danger or threat of any disaster. Seismic hazard in the context of engineering design is defined as the predicted level of ground acceleration which would be exceeded with 10% probability at the site under construction due to occurrence of earthquake anywhere in the region, in next 50 years. Establishment of National institute for disaster management (NIDM).

7. Six pillars of management

8. The national vision is “to build a safer and disaster resilient India by developing a holistic, proactive, multi-disaster and technology driven strategy for DM . National vision

9. Case study-Gujarat earthquake rehabilitation program Rapid post earthquake reconnaissance to assess impact, and development of retrofitting techniques for damaged structures Evaluation of earthquake ground motions data, seismic hazard and vulnerability, and causes of damage Development of design guidelines for new constructions and evaluation of structural designs Training of government and private sector engineers in repairs and rehabilitation of damaged buildings Providing technical inputs to the World Bank and Asian Development Bank . Preparation of re-development plan for the town of Anjar in Gujarat to ensure seismic safety as well as sustainable development .

10. Case study- Earthquake Engineering at IIT Bombay IIT Bombay supports extensive research, development and outreach activities in the area of earthquake engineering. • Structural Earthquake Engineering • Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering • Seismology/Geology • Remote Sensing Some major research facilities setup through dedicated efforts include: large and small shake tables, actuators for pseudo dynamic tests, structure condition assessment systems, GPS equipment and an advanced Geotechnical centrifuge with proposed uniaxial earthquake simulator.

11. Thank you .