MMBC MODULE II - STEEL presentation 2222

mmbc 2 notes - mmbc 2 module 2
Cement: Types, applications, Tests - laboratory and field.
4) Steel: Properties and uses of reinforced steel.
5) Concrete: Ingredients, grades, admixtures, properties, production, mix, proportioning and placing of
concrete.
Understanding how cement, steel and concrete are tested in field and in
laboratory.
2. Exploring the properties, uses and application of cement, steel and concrete in a
typical building and in special applications. Reinforced Cement Concrete: Form work, placing, and compaction, curing of concrete, sampling and
testing of concrete. Construction joints, expansion joints, finish in concrete, chemical admixtures.
Advantages and disadvantages with respect to thermal properties and impact on life cycle of a building.

1. S T E E L

2. Module
Steel:Propertiesand
usesofReinforcedSteel
2
2

3. TableofContent
3
1.HistoryofSteel
2.WhatisSteel?
3.WhatisReinforcedSteel?
4.NeedforReinforcedSteel
5.TypesofReinforcedSteel
6.WhySteel?
7.PropertiesofReinforcedSteel
8.UsesofReinforcedSteel
9.WhatsNew?
10.Conclusion

4. 1.
Historyof
Steel
4

5. 5
1.Ancient Beginnings (circa 1800 BC):
1.Earliest use of iron with carbon content, likely produced by accident.
2.First evidence of steel tools found in Anatolia.
2.Iron Age (circa 1200 BC):
1.Widespread use of iron for tools and weapons.
2.Early methods included charcoal smelting to increase carbon content.
3.Wootz Steel (circa 300 BC - 400 AD):
1.Developed in India, known for its high quality and distinctive patterns.
2.Exported to the Middle East, inspiring the creation of Damascus steel.
4.Medieval Period (9th - 15th centuries):
1.Europe developed the bloomery process to produce wrought iron and steel.
2.Invention of the blast furnace in China (circa 1st century AD) and later in Europe.
5.Industrial Revolution (18th - 19th centuries):
1.1856: Henry Bessemer invented the Bessemer converter, significantly reducing the cost of steel production.
2.Introduction of the Siemens-Martin open-hearth furnace (1865), allowing precise control over steel composition.
6.Early 20th Century:
1.Development of electric arc furnace (EAF) for steel production.
2.Introduction of alloy steels with added elements like chromium and nickel for improved properties.
7.Mid to Late 20th Century:
1.Advancements in stainless steel and high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steels.
2.Development of continuous casting processes for efficiency and quality.
8.Modern Era (21st century):
1.Emphasis on sustainability and recycling; over 60% of steel now produced using recycled materials.
2.Innovations in ultra-high-strength steels (UHSS) for automotive and construction industries.
3.Advancements in process automation and control technology.

6. 6
1.Bloomery Process:
•An ancient method for smelting iron ore.
•Uses a furnace with a mix of iron ore and charcoal.
•Produces a porous mass of iron and slag called a "bloom."
•Requires repeated reheating and hammering to remove impurities.
2.Blast Furnace:
•A more advanced smelting method developed in medieval times.
•Uses a tall structure to create higher temperatures.
•Blasts air through the bottom to intensify combustion.
•Produces molten iron, which can be cast or further refined into steel.
•More efficient and capable of producing larger quantities of iron compared to bloomeries.

7. 7
2.
Whatis
Steel?

8. Definition
●Steel is an alloy of iron with
carbon.
●Contains less than 2% carbon and
1% manganese and silicon,
phosphorus,sulphurandoxygen.
●Steelisahard,stronggreyor
bluishgreyferrousmaterial.
8

9. 3.
Reinforced
Steel
9

10. ●Reinforce-Tostrengthen
●“Steel Reinforcement” are steel bars
that are provided in combination with
plain cement concreteto make it
reinforcedconcrete
●Calledas‘Rebar’
●ItProvidesAdditionalstrength
10

11. 11
4.
Need for
Reinforced
Steel

12. 12
•Plain concrete is weak in tension and strong in
compression.
•Tensile property for concrete structures is obtained by
incorporating steel reinforcement.
•The steel reinforcement is strong in both tension and
compression.
•The tensile property provided by the steel
reinforcement will prevent and minimize concretecracks
undertensionloads.

13. 13
5.
Types and
propertiesof
Reinforced
Steel

14. 1.HotRolledDeformedBars
14
●Thermomecanicallytreated barsor
TMTbars
●Deformationonsurfaceare donein
factories
●“Ribs” are done ao that framesbond
withconcrete
●Superior bonding in cement concrete
•High Strength: Due to the rapid cooling
and self-tempering process.
•Ductility: The soft core allows for better
flexibility and bending without breaking.
•Corrosion Resistance: The outer layer is
more resistant to rust and corrosion.
•Weldability: TMT bars can be easily
welded without losing strength.

15. 2.ColdworkedSteelBars
15
●MadeatRoomtemperature
●Poorinstrengthandeasily
bendable
●LessTolerance structures
●Superior bonding in Cement
Concrete
●Tensilestrengthupto60000psi

16. 3.MildSteelBars
16
●NoRibs
●Plainsurfaceandinround
shape
●UsedinRCCforbeam,
slabsetc
●PoorbondinginCement
Concrete
●PoorinQuality
●Tensilestrengthupto
40000psi

17. 4.TwistedSteelBars
17
●Also known as Prestressing
Tendons
●Thesearemadeofdifferent
wires spun together into a
strand
●It can carry high Tensile
strengthupto270000psi

18. 5.WeldedSteelWire
18
●Itconsistofweldmesh
●MediumTensileStrength
●These are used for
partitions,fencingetc.

19. 19
8.
Size,Shape
andcost

20. 20
●Roundbars.
●Squarebars
●Ribbedbars.
5-200mm(diameter)
5-100mm(diameter)
6-50mm(diameter)
50-60INRperkg
40-45 INR per kg
44-50INRperkg
Type Dimensions Cost

21. 21
6.
WhySteel?

22. 22
Aluminum,CastIron,Copperavailablefor
reinforcingconcrete,Steeliswidelyused,
becauseSteelandconcrete‘Bound’Together
verywell,withnoslippageAndactsasoneunit,
toresittheappliedload
•Tensile Strength: 100-140 times of plain
concretemix

23. 23
7.
Propertiesof
steel

24. ●Highductile
●Itiseco-friendly
●Recyclable
●LonglastingMaterial
●ExtremeStrengthandDurable
●CanresistBad-weather
●Fireresistant
●Doesnotrot
●QualityofConstruction
●Expandexistingstructure
●Surfacesareeasytoclean
●Weldeasily
●lessexpensive
●DesignFreedom
24

25. 25
9.
Uses of
Reinforced
Steel

26. Itisusedin
●Bridges
●Buildings
●Skyscrapers
●Homes
●Warehouses
●Foundationstoincreasethe
strength of a concrete
structure.
26

27. Conclusion
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28. “
28
Strength,Durabilityandlongerlifespan“

29. ThankYou