Mobile Application and Development training

Mobile application development is the process of creating software designed to run on small, wireless devices such as smartphones and tablets. It is similar to web application development but adapted to the unique features of mobile platforms. Mobile apps allow users to access services, perform tasks, or enjoy entertainment directly from their devices, making them an essential part of modern life.

Developers use different tools known as Integrated Development Environments (IDEs), such as Android Studio, Eclipse, or Xamarin, to build these applications. Among mobile operating systems, Android—developed by the Open Handset Alliance led by Google—has become the most widely used worldwide. With billions of mobile users, businesses and organizations increasingly rely on apps to connect with customers and improve services.

1. 1 Mobile Application development Training

2. Outline 2 Introduction to Mobile Application Development Mobile Application Tools Android System Overview Getting Started With Android Studio IDE

3. What is Mobile Application Development? 3 Mobile application development is the set of processes and procedures involved in writing software for small, wireless computing devices sucsh as smartphones or tablet Mobile application development is similar to web application development and has its roots in software development.

4. Mobile Application Tools 4 Mobile Application Tools are also known as Mobile IDEs which mean Mobile Integrated Development Environments The tools include: ANDROID STUDIO ECLIPSE NETBEANS INTELLIJIDEA XAMARIN CORDOVA E.T.C

5. Android System Overview 5 There are more than a two billion smartphones and tablet PC users worldwide. There is a growing expectation that everything and anything will be available as a mobile application. More and more organization are benefiting from improving business processes by providing their users with access to application via their mobile devices and tablet.

6. Introduction to Android 6 Android is an operating system for mobile devices such as  smartphones  and  tablet computers. It is developed by the Open Handset Alliance led by Google. Android has beaten Apple iOS , being the leading mobile operating system from first quarter of 2011 Version: Android 1.0, 1.1 to 1.5 (Cupcake), 1.6 (Donut), 2.0/2.1 ( Eclair ), 2.2 ( Froyo ), 2.3 (Gingerbread) , to 3.0 (Honeycomb ), 4.0 (Ice Cream Sandwich) , 5.0 (Lollipop) What is Android

7. TOP U.S SMARTPHONE OS SHARE 7 Popular mobile device OS: 52% of U.S. smartphone market Developed by Open Handset Alliance, led by Google Google claims 900,000 Android device activations

8. Android Architecture

9. Shared Preferences: Store data as key-value pairs. Internal Storage: Store data on the device memory. Data will not be accessed by other application. External Storage: Store public data on the shared external storage. Data will be accessed by other application. SQLite Databases: Store structured data in a private database. Network Connection: Store data on the Web with your own network server. Android System Overview

10. CheckBoxPreference: CheckBoxPreference is used to store data in preferences using CheckBox widget. In other words, it provides the checkbox widget functionality 10

11. ListPreference: ListPreference is used to display the list of entries as a dialog from which a user can choose a single selection. This displays a group of radio buttons as shown in figure among which only one button can be selected.

12. EditTextPreference: This opens up the dialog box where user can enter a value as shown in the figure. When text is typed into the field, it returns a string value 12

13. GETTING STARTED WITH ANDROID STUDIO 13 Android Studio is the official Integrated Development Environment (IDE). It was announced on May 16 th , 2013 at the Google I/O conference. The interface comprises of the following: Menu bars Project Side Structure Captures Build Variants Favourite Preview etc

14. Android Studio IDE Interface 14

15. Android Studio Requirement 15 Windows OS X/macOS Linux OS version Microsoft Windows 10/8/7 (32- or 64-bit) Mac OS X 10.9.5 or higher, up to 10.11.6 (El Capitan) or 10.12.1 (Sierra) GNOME or KDE desktop RAM 2 GB RAM minimum, 8 GB RAM recommended Disk space 500 MB disk space for Android Studio, at least 1.5 GB for Android SDK, emulator system images, and caches Java version Java Development Kit (JDK) 8 Screen resolution 1280x800 minimum screen resolution n 2.x

16. Getting Started (1) 16 Need to install Java Development Kit (JDK) to write Java (and Android) programs Do not install Java Runtime Environment (JRE); JDK and JRE are different! Can download the JDK for your OS at http://java.oracle.com Alternatively, for OS X, Linux: OS X: Open /Applications/Utilities/ Terminal.app Type javac at command line Install Java when prompt appears Linux: Type sudo apt–get install default– jdk at command line ( Debian , Ubuntu) Other distributions: consult distribution’s documentation

17. Install! 17

18. Getting Started (2) 18 After installing JDK, download Android SDK from http://developer.android.com Simplest: download and install Android Studio bundle (including Android SDK) for your OS Alternatives: Download/install Android Developer Tools from this site (based on Eclipse) Install Android SDK tools by themselves, then install ADT for Eclipse separately (from this site) We’ll use Android Studio with SDK included (easy)

19. Install! 19

20. Getting Started (3) 20 Install Android Studio directly (Windows, Mac); unzip to directory android-studio , then run ./android-studio/bin/studio.sh (Linux)

21. Getting Started (4) 21 Strongly recommend testing with real Android device Android emulator: very slow Faster emulator: Genymotion Install USB drivers for your Android device! Bring up the Android SDK Manager Recommended: Install Android 2.2, 2.3.3 APIs and 4.x API Do not worry about Intel x86 Atom, MIPS system images Settings Now you’re ready for Android development!

22. Outline 22 Introduction to Android Getting Started Android Programming

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24. Android Highlights (1) 24 Android apps execute on Dalvik VM, a “clean-room” implementation of JVM Dalvik optimized for efficient execution Dalvik : register-based VM, unlike Oracle’s stack-based JVM Java .class bytecode translated to Dalvik EXecutable (DEX) bytecode , which Dalvik interprets

25. Android Highlights (2) 25 Android apps written in Java 5 Actually, a Java dialect (Apache Harmony) Everything we’ve learned still holds Apps use four main components: Activity : A “single screen” that’s visible to user Service : Long-running background “part” of app ( not separate process or thread) ContentProvider : Manages app data (usually stored in database) and data access for queries BroadcastReceiver : Component that listens for particular Android system “events”, e.g., “found wireless device”, and responds accordingly

26. App Manifest 26 Every Android app must include an AndroidManifest.xml file describing functionality The manifest specifies: App’s Activities, Services, etc. Permissions requested by app Minimum API required Hardware features required, e.g., camera with autofocus External libraries to which app is linked, e.g., Google Maps library

27. Activity Lifecycle 27 Activity : key building block of Android apps Extend Activity class, override onCreate () , onPause () , onResume () methods Dalvik VM can stop any Activity without warning, so saving state is important! Activities need to be “responsive”, otherwise Android shows user “App Not Responsive” warning: Place lengthy operations in Runnable Thread s, AsyncTask s

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29. App Creation Checklist 29 If you own an Android device: Ensure drivers are installed Enable developer options on device under Settings , specifically USB Debugging Android 4.2+: Go to Settings→About phone , press Build number 7 times to enable developer options For Android Studio: Under File→ Settings → Appearance , enable “Show tool window bars”; the Android view shows LogCat , devices Programs should log states via android.util.Log ’s Log.d (APP_TAG_STR, “debug”) , where APP_TAG_STR is a final String tag denoting your app Other commands: Log.e () (error); Log.i () (info); Log.w () (warning); Log.v () (verbose) – same parameters

30. Creating Android App (1) 30 Creating Android app project in Android Studio: Go to File→New Project Enter app, project name Choose package name using “reverse URL” notation, e.g., edu.osu.myapp Select APIs for app, then click Next

31. 31 Creating Android App (2)

32. Creating Android App (3) 32 Determine what kind of Activity to create; then click Next We’ll choose a Blank Activity for simplicity Enter information about your Activity, then click Finish This creates a “Hello World” app

33. Deploying the App 33 Two choices for deployment: Real Android device Android virtual device Plug in your real device; otherwise, create an Android virtual device Emulator is slow. Try Intel accelerated version, or perhaps http://www.genymotion.com/ Run the app: press “Run” button in toolbar

34. Underlying Source Code 34 package edu.osu.helloandroid; import android.os.Bundle; import android.app.Activity; import android.view.Menu; public class MainActivity extends Activity { @Override protected void onCreate (Bundle savedInstanceState ) { super.onCreate ( savedInstanceState ); setContentView ( R.layout.activity_main ); } @Override public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu (Menu menu) { // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present. getMenuInflater ().inflate( R.menu.main , menu); return true; } }

35. Underlying GUI Code 35 < RelativeLayout xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/ apk /res/android" xmlns:tools = "http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width = " match_parent " android:layout_height = " match_parent " android:paddingBottom = "@ dimen / activity_vertical_margin " android:paddingLeft = "@ dimen / activity_horizontal_margin " android:paddingRight = "@ dimen / activity_horizontal_margin " android:paddingTop = "@ dimen / activity_vertical_margin " tools:context = ".MainActivity" > < TextView android:layout_width = " wrap_content " android:layout_height = " wrap_content " android:text = "@string/ hello_world " /> </ RelativeLayout > res/layout/activity_main.xml

36. The App Manifest 36 <?xml version= "1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <manifest xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/ apk /res/android" package= "edu.osu.helloandroid" android:versionCode = "1" android:versionName = "1.0" > <uses- sdk android:minSdkVersion = "8" android:targetSdkVersion = "17" /> <application android:allowBackup = " true " android:icon = "@ drawable / ic_launcher " android:label = "@string/ app_name " android:theme = "@style/ AppTheme " > < activity

37. 37 android:name = " edu.osu.helloandroid.MainActivity " android:label = "@string/ app_name " > < intent-filter > <action android:name = " android.intent.action.MAIN " /> < category android:name = " android.intent.category.LAUNCHER " /> </ intent-filter > </ activity > </application> </ manifest >

38. A More Interesting App(Example) 38 We’ll now examine an app with more features: WiFi Tester (code on class website) Press a button, scan for WiFi access points (APs), display them

39. Underlying Source Code (1) 39 @Override public void onCreate (Bundle savedInstanceState ) { super.onCreate ( savedInstanceState ); setContentView ( R.layout. activity_wi_fi ); // Set up WifiManager . mWifiManager = ( WifiManager ) getSystemService ( Context. WIFI_SERVICE ); // Create listener object for Button. When Button is pressed, scan for // APs nearby. Button button = (Button) findViewById ( R.id. button ); button.setOnClickListener ( new View.OnClickListener () {

40. 40 public void onClick (View v) { boolean scanStarted = mWifiManager.startScan (); // If the scan failed, log it. if (! scanStarted ) Log. e (TAG, " WiFi scan failed..."); } }); // Set up IntentFilter for " WiFi scan results available" Intent. mIntentFilter = new IntentFilter (); mIntentFilter.addAction ( WifiManager. SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE_ACTION ); }

41. Underlying Source Code (2) 41 Code much more complex First get system WifiManager Create listener Object for button that performs scans We register Broadcast Receiver, mReceiver , to listen for WifiManager ’s “finished scan” system event (expressed as Intent WifiManager.SCAN_RESULTS _ AVAILABLE_ACTION ) Unregister Broadcast Receiver when leaving Activity @Override protected void onResume () { super.onResume (); registerReceiver ( mReceiver , mIntentFilter ); } @Override protected void onPause() { super.onPause(); unregisterReceiver(mReceiver); }

42. The Broadcast Receiver 42 private final BroadcastReceiver mReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver () { @Override public void onReceive (Context context , Intent intent) { String action = intent.getAction (); if ( WifiManager.SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE_ACTION.equals (action)) { Log.e (TAG, "Scan results available"); List< ScanResult > scanResults = mWifiManager.getScanResults (); mApStr = "";

43. 43 for ( ScanResult result : scanResults ) { mApStr = mApStr + result.SSID + "; "; mApStr = mApStr + result.BSSID + "; "; mApStr = mApStr + result.capabilities + "; "; mApStr = mApStr + result.frequency + " MHz;"; mApStr = mApStr + result.level + " dBm \n\n"; } // Update UI to show all this information. setTextView ( mApStr ); } } };

44. User Interface 44 private void setTextView (String str ) { TextView tv = ( TextView ) findViewById ( R.id. textview ) ; tv.setMovementMethod ( new ScrollingMovementMethod ()); tv.setText ( str ); } This code simply has the UI display all collected WiFi APs, makes the text information scrollable

45. Android Programming Notes 45 Android apps have multiple points of entry: no main() method Cannot “sleep” in Android During each entrance, certain Object s may be null Defensive programming is very useful to avoid crashes, e.g., if (!( myObj == null)) { // do something } Java concurrency techniques are required Don’t block the “main” thread in Activities Implement long-running tasks such as network connections asynchronously, e.g., as AsyncTask s Recommendation: read Logging state via android.util.Log throughout app is essential when debugging (finding root causes) Better to have “too many” permissions than too few Otherwise, app crashes due to security exceptions! Remove “unnecessary” permissions before releasing app to public Event handling in Android GUIs entails many listener Object s

46. Android User Interface -1 46 The graphical user interface for an Android app is built using a hierarchy of   View   and   ViewGroup objects .   View   objects are usually UI widgets such as   buttons   or   text fields .   ViewGroup   objects are invisible view containers that define how the child views are laid out, such as in a grid or a vertical list. Android provides an XML vocabulary that corresponds to the subclasses of   View   and   ViewGroup   so you can define your UI in XML using a hierarchy of UI elements.

47. Android User Interface -2 47

48. Create a Linear Layout -1 48 In Android Studio's  Project  window, open  app > res > layout > activity_main.xml .This XML file defines the layout of your activity. It contains the default "Hello World" text view. When you open a layout file, you’re first shown the design editor in the  Layout Editor . For this lesson, you work directly with the XML, so click the  Text tab at the bottom of the window to switch to the text editor. Delete everything and insert the following XML:

49. Create a Linear Layout-2 49 <? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8" ?> < LinearLayout     xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"     xmlns:tools = "http://schemas.android.com/tools"     android:layout_width = " match_parent "     android:layout_height = " match_parent "     android:orientation = "horizontal" > </ LinearLayout >

50. Add a Text Field 50 <LinearLayout     xmlns:android = "http://schmas.android.com/apk/res/android"     xmlns:tools = "http://schemas.android.com/tools"     android:layout_width = "match_parent"     android:layout_height = "match_parent"     android:orientation = "horizontal" >     <EditText android:id = "@+id/edit_message"         android:layout_width = "wrap_content"         android:layout_height = "wrap_content"         android:hint = "@string/edit_message" /> </LinearLayout>

51. Add Button 51 <LinearLayout     xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"     xmlns:tools = "http://schemas.android.com/tools"     android:orientation = "horizontal"     android:layout_width = "match_parent"     android:layout_height = "match_parent" >         <EditText android:id = "@+id/edit_message"           android:layout_width = "wrap_content"           android:layout_height = "wrap_content"           android:hint = "@string/edit_message" />         <Button           android:layout_width = "wrap_content"           android:layout_height = "wrap_content"           android:text = "@string/button_send" /> </LinearLayout>

52. Make the Input Box Fill in the Screen Width 52 In   activity_main.xml , modify the   < EditText >   so that the attributes look like this: < EditText android:id = "@+id/ edit_message "     android:layout_weight = "1"     android:layout_width = "0dp"     android:layout_height = " wrap_content "     android:hint = "@string/ edit_message " />

53. COMPLETE UI EXAMPLE 53 Here ’ s how your complete   activity_main.xml layout file should now look: <? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8" ?> < LinearLayout xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"     xmlns:tools = "http://schemas.android.com/tools"     android:orientation = "horizontal"     android:layout_width = " match_parent "     android:layout_height = " match_parent " >     < EditText android:id = "@+id/ edit_message "         android:layout_weight = "1"         android:layout_width = "0dp"         android:layout_height = " wrap_content "         android:hint = "@string/ edit_message " />     <Button         android:layout_width = " wrap_content "         android:layout_height = " wrap_content "         android:text = "@string/ button_send " /> </ LinearLayout >

54. Android Studio practice 54 Developing A Simple Calculator Mobile Application

55. Android Studio practice 55 <? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8" ?> < LinearLayout      xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/ apk /res/android"      android:orientation = "vertical"      android:layout_width = " fill_parent "      android:layout_height = " fill_parent " >      < LinearLayout          android:layout_width = " match_parent "          android:layout_height = " wrap_content "          android:id = "@+id/linearLayout1"          android:layout_marginLeft = "10pt"          android:layout_marginRight = "10pt"          android:layout_marginTop = "3pt" >          < EditText              android:layout_weight = "1"              android:layout_height = " wrap_content "              android:layout_marginRight = "5pt"              android:id = "@+id/etNum1"              android:layout_width = " match_parent “ android:inputType = "numberDecimal" > </ EditText >

56. 56 < EditText              android:layout_height = "wrap_content"              android:layout_weight = "1"              android:layout_marginLeft = "5pt"              android:id = "@+id/etNum2"              android:layout_width = "match_parent"              android:inputType = "numberDecimal" >          </ EditText >      </ LinearLayout >      < LinearLayout          android:layout_width = "match_parent"          android:layout_height = "wrap_content"          android:id = "@+id/linearLayout2"          android:layout_marginTop = "3pt"          android:layout_marginLeft = "5pt"          android:layout_marginRight = "5pt" >          < Button android:layout_height = "wrap_content"              android:layout_width = "match_parent"              android:layout_weight = "1"              android:text = "+“ android:textSize = "8pt"              android:id = "@+id/btnAdd" >          </ Button >

57. 57 < Button              android:layout_height = " wrap_content "              android:layout_width = " match_parent "              android:layout_weight = "1"              android:text = "-"              android:textSize = "8pt"              android:id = "@+id/ btnSub " >          </ Button >          < Button              android:layout_height = " wrap_content "              android:layout_width = " match_parent "              android:layout_weight = "1"              android:text = "*"              android:textSize = "8pt"              android:id = "@+id/ btnMult " >          </ Button >

58. 58          < Button              android:layout_height = " wrap_content "              android:layout_width = " match_parent "              android:layout_weight = "1"              android:text = "/"              android:textSize = "8pt"              android:id = "@+id/ btnDiv " >          </ Button >      </ LinearLayout >      < TextView          android:layout_height = " wrap_content "          android:layout_width = " match_parent "          android:layout_marginLeft = "5pt"          android:layout_marginRight = "5pt"          android:textSize = "12pt"          android:layout_marginTop = "3pt"          android:id = "@+id/ tvResult "          android:gravity = " center_horizontal " >      </ TextView > </ LinearLayout >

59. 59 public class MainActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener {      EditText etNum1;    EditText etNum2;      Button btnAdd ;    Button btnSub ;    Button btnMult ;    Button btnDiv ;      TextView tvResult ;      String oper = "" ;      /** Called when the activity is first created. */    @Override    public void onCreate (Bundle savedInstanceState ) {      super .onCreate ( savedInstanceState );      setContentView ( R.layout.main );        // find the elements      etNum1 = ( EditText ) findViewById (R.id.etNum1);      etNum2 = ( EditText ) findViewById (R.id.etNum2);  

60. 60       btnAdd = (Button) findViewById ( R.id.btnAdd );      btnSub = (Button) findViewById ( R.id.btnSub );      btnMult = (Button) findViewById ( R.id.btnMult );      btnDiv = (Button) findViewById ( R.id.btnDiv );        tvResult = ( TextView ) findViewById ( R.id.tvResult );        // set a listener      btnAdd.setOnClickListener ( this );      btnSub.setOnClickListener ( this );      btnMult.setOnClickListener ( this );      btnDiv.setOnClickListener ( this );      }      @Override    public void onClick (View v) {      // TODO Auto-generated method stub      float num1 = ;      float num2 = ;      float result = ;        // check if the fields are empty      if ( TextUtils.isEmpty (etNum1.getText(). toString ())          || TextUtils.isEmpty (etNum2.getText(). toString ())) {        return ;      }  

61. 61   // read EditText and fill variables with numbers      num1 = Float.parseFloat (etNum1.getText(). toString ());      num2 = Float.parseFloat (etNum2.getText(). toString ());        // defines the button that has been clicked and performs the operation      // write operation into oper , we will use it later for output      switch ( v.getId ()) {      case R.id.btnAdd :        oper = "+" ;        result = num1 + num2;        break ;      case R.id.btnSub :        oper = "-" ;        result = num1 - num2;        break ;      case R.id.btnMult :        oper = "*" ;        result = num1 * num2;        break ;      case R.id.btnDiv :        oper = "/" ;        result = num1 / num2;        break ;      default :        break ;      }        // form the output line      tvResult.setText (num1 + " " + oper + " " + num2 + " = " + result);    } }

62. OUTPUT 62

63. How to Start Mobile Application Business 63 DEPLOYMENT AND PUBLISING OF APPLICATION ON GOOGLE ANDROID MARKET

64. 64 The Android Market or the Android central is known to be the very own repository of Google for Android applications.

65. 65 Android Market recently renamed as Google play is developed and maintained by Google. It is an online electronic store or digital application distribution platform for android powered devices.

66. 66 The application developed by any developer has to be tested before it is uploaded to the Android market to ensure that your app is error and bug free.

67. 67 The developer needs to register before publishing the app with a publisher account by visiting the Google Play Developer console at https://play.google.com/apps/ publish/.

68. TOOLS & MATERIALS NEEDED FOR THE DEVELOPMENT 68 THIS MATERIAL VIDEO TUTORIALS (ONLINE & OFFLINE) INTERNET GOOD BOOK (BEGINNER LEVEL IN MOBILE APP DEVELOPMENT) HIGH CONFIGURATION LAPTOP WITH AT LEAST 4GB RAM ETC.