ModalsNecessityObligationEnglishOnline.pptx

Modals of Necessity & Obligation (CLB 5+)
Lunch & Learn
English Online Inc.

1. 1 Modals of Necessity & Obligation CLB level 5+ https://pixabay.com/photos/books-bookstore-book-reading-1204029/ shared under CC0

2. 2 Welcome to the English Online community! Our Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion Acknowledgment This community welcomes, appreciates, and respects everyone – it doesn’t matter what country you’re from or who you are! Please remember that English Online has ZERO tolerance for discrimination of any kind, including: (political, religious, nationality, or gender-based). If anyone feels uncomfortable attending the class, they are free to leave and email us at [email protected]

3. 3 Guess the job: Using the following clues, guess the job: 1. You have to be supportive and encouraging. 2. You have to be well-prepared and creative. 3. You have to be knowlegable . 4. You have to like working with people. 5. You have to work in a classroom.

4. 4 Guess the job: Using the following clues, guess the job: 1. You have to be supportive. 2. You have to be well-prepared and creative. 3. You have to be knowledgable . 4. You have to like working with people. 5. You have to work in a classroom. ANSWER: A teacher

5. 5 Guess the job: Using the following clues, guess the job: 1. You have to work indoors. 2. You have to like talking to people. 3. You have to stand for a long period of time. 4. You must work with your hands and be creative.

6. 6 Guess the job: Using the following clues, guess the job: 1. You have to work indoors. 2. You have to like talking to people. 3. You have to stand for a long period of time. 4. You must work with your hands and be creative. 5. You must sweep the floor often. 6. You have to cut other people’s hair.

7. 7 Guess the job: Using the following clues, guess the job: 1. You have to work indoors. 2. You have to like talking to people. 3. You have to stand for a long period of time. 4. You must work with your hands and be creative. 5. You must sweep the floor often. 6. You have to cut other people’s hair. ANSWER: A Hair stylist

8. Modals – A quick review What are modals… ? Modals, or modal verbs, are auxiliary or “ helping” verbs. They come before the main verb to give it more meaning. What are some examples of modal verbs? 8

9. Modals – A quick review English modal verbs include: must, shall, will, should, would, can, could, may, and might. have to, have got to. 9

10. Modals – A quick review What are modals… ? Modals are always followed by a base verb . The base form of a verb is a verb without an ending, like “ed”, “ ing ” or “s”. 10

11. Modals – A quick review “We use them to do things like talk about ability, ask permission , and make requests and offers: I can swim. ABILITY May I ask a question? PERMISSION Could I have some tea, please?” REQUEST 11

12. Modals – Necessity & Obligation We also use modals to talk about necessity and obligation . These include “must, have to and have got to.” These modals are used to express rules or strong advice . What is a necessity? What is an obligation? 12

13. Modals – Necessity & Obligation Necessity (noun) – the need for something, something you need. Example: Water is a necessity for life. Obligation (noun) – something you do because you feel you must or have to. Example: As a parent, you have an obligation to care for your children. 13

14. Modals of Obligation 14 We use must or have / has to to say that it is necessary to do something: Must: is the strongest modal and is more common in writing. is usually used for things that are situational. can be used in the negative (must not/mustn’t) is rarely used in questions.

15. Modals of Obligation 15 Must (Examples): She must come to work on time. I must finish my homework today. What are some things you must do?

16. Modals of Obligation 16 We use must or have / has to to say that it is necessary to do something: Have to (or has to): is more common in spoken English. is more commonly used for things that YOU decide are important. can be used in the negative: (don’t have to/doesn’t have to) can be used for questions: (Do you have to…?)

17. Modals of Obligation 17 Have to/Has to: Examples: They have to pack for their trip to Mexico. I have to make dinner tonight. Do you have to visit your grandparents on the weekend? What is something you “have to” do?

18. Modals of Obligation & Necessity 18 Let’s have a look: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=POFfLs0Uaio&ab_channel=OxfordOnlineEnglish

19. Modals of Obligation & Necessity 19 MUST (Examples - negative): We use mustn’t / must not to say that it is necessary to not do something. Examples: You mustn’t / must not make any noise in the library. You mustn’t / must not say anything to her. It's a surprise.

20. Modals of Obligation & Necessity MUST NOT (Examples): He must not be late for work. You must not forget your English homework. I must not text her too early. 20

21. Modals of Obligation & Necessity MUST (Examples - Questions): ***Using “must” for questions is formal and uncommon. Must I cook again tonight? Must you talk so loudly? 21

22. Modals of Obligation & Necessity HAVE TO/HAS TO: is the most common of these modals. is used most often in spoken English. is useful for forming questions and negatives. I/We/They: have to He/She/It: has to 22

23. Modals of Obligation & Necessity HAVE/HAS TO (Examples): She has to cook dinner this evening. I have to mail that letter. Do they have to move before the end of the month? 23

24. Modals of Obligation & Necessity HAVE TO – Negatives To form the negative, we add “don’t” or doesn’t” (depending on the subject) to “have to”. I/We/They don’t have to She/He/It doesn’t have to 24

25. Modals of Obligation & Necessity HAVE TO – Negatives To form the negative, we add “don’t” or doesn’t” (depending on the subject) to “have to”. She doesn’t have to cook dinner this evening. I don’t have to mail that letter. They don’t have to move before the end of the month. 25

26. Modals of Obligation & Necessity HAVE GOT TO: is most common in informal speech. is never used for forming questions and negatives. 26

27. Modals of Obligation & Necessity HAVE/HAS GOT TO (Examples): I/We/They have got to He/She/It has got to 27

28. Modals of Obligation & Necessity HAVE/HAS GOT TO (Examples): I have got to get groceries tonight. He has got to stop talking so much. 28

29. Modals of Obligation & Necessity 29 IMPORTANT NOTE - Negatives Don’t have to and must not have very different meanings in English. Must not ( mustn’t) expresses strong obligation—you cannot do something. You must not be late for work again. Don’t have to means you can choose not to do something , but you can do it if you want to. You don’t have to come in early this morning.

30. Modals of Obligation & Necessity 30 PRONUNCIATION NOTES - Reductions In spoken English, native English speakers often reduce modals. This means that some sounds change or disappear when words are spoken together. This is also called a “ reduction .” Listen to how the following sentences sound:

31. Modals of Obligation & Necessity 31 PRONUNCIATION NOTES: source: Ellii.com

32. Modals of Obligation & Necessity 32 PRONUNCIATION NOTES: Even though the pronunciation changes, the spelling (in written English) does not.

33. Let’s practice! https://pixabay.com/photos/books-bookstore-book-reading-shop-1204038/ shared under CC0

34. Rewrite the sentences with “must” or “has/have to”: 34 1. We must arrive to class on time.

35. Rewrite the sentences with “must” or “has/have to”: 35 We must arrive to class on time. We have to arrive to class on time.

36. Rewrite the sentences with “must” or “has/have to”: 36 2. I have to study harder in English class.

37. Rewrite the sentences with “must” or “has/have to”: 37 I have to study harder in English class. I must study harder in English class.

38. Rewrite the sentences with “must” or “has/have to”: 38 3. She has to return the library book today.

39. Rewrite the sentences with “must” or “has/have to”: 39 3. She has to return the library book today. She must return the library book today.

40. Rewrite the sentences with “must” or “has/have to”: 40 4. My friend has to get more sleep at night.

41. Rewrite the sentences with “must” or “has/have to”: 41 4. My friend has to get more sleep at night. My friend must get more sleep at night.

42. Unscramble the sentences: 42 1. w ear / must / business attire / at the office/ You

43. Unscramble the sentences: 43 1. wear / must / business attire / at the office/ you You must wear business attire at the office.

44. Unscramble the sentences: 44 2. I / t he schedule / every morning / have to / check

45. Unscramble the sentences: 45 2. I / the schedule / every morning / have to / check I have to check the schedule every morning.

46. Unscramble the sentences: 46 3. get to know / You / the bus schedule / must

47. Unscramble the sentences: 47 3. get to know / you / the bus schedule / must You must get to know the bus schedule.

48. Unscramble the sentences: 48 4. he / Does / have to / come / early/ work / to / ?

49. Unscramble the sentences: 49 4. he / Does / have to / come / early/ work / to / ? Does he have to come to work early?

50. Unscramble the sentences: 50 5. must / to / come / You / not / late / work

51. Unscramble the sentences: 51 5. must / to / come / you / not / late / work You must not come late to work.

52. Unscramble the sentences: 52 6. y our computer / home / at night / mustn’t / take / You

53. Unscramble the sentences: 53 6. your computer / home / at night / mustn’t / take / you You mustn’t take your computer home at night.

54. Unscramble the sentences: 54 7. c lean up / have got to / your work station / before you leave / You

55. Unscramble the sentences: 55 7. clean up / have got to / your work station / before you leave / You You have got to c lean up your work station before you leave.

56. Use a modal of necessity or obligation ( must / have to / has to ) to complete the sentences: 56 1. I _________________ get to work on time.

57. Use a modal of necessity or obligation ( must / have to / has to ) to complete the sentences: 57 1. I must/have to get to work on time.

58. Use a modal of necessity or obligation ( must / have to / has to ) to complete the sentences: 58 2. Do I ________________ do my English homework?

59. Use a modal of necessity or obligation ( must / have to / has to ) to complete the sentences: 59 2. Do I have to do my English homework?

60. Use a modal of necessity or obligation ( must / have to / has to ) to complete the sentences: 60 3. She __________________ not drive the car. She doesn’t have a license.

61. Use a modal of necessity or obligation ( must / have to / has to ) to complete the sentences: 61 3. She must not drive the car. She doesn’t have a license.

62. Use a modal of necessity or obligation ( must / have to / has to ) to complete the sentences: 62 4. I _______________________ get groceries on the way home from work. My refrigerator is empty!

63. Use a modal of necessity or obligation ( must / have to / has to ) to complete the sentences: 63 4. I have to/must get groceries on the way home from work. My refrigerator is empty!

64. Use a modal of necessity or obligation ( must / have to / has to ) to complete the sentences: 64 5. He _______________ not drink so much coffee! He will never sleep tonight.

65. Use a modal of necessity or obligation ( must / have to / has to ) to complete the sentences: 65 5. He must not drink so much coffee! He will never sleep tonight.

66. Use a modal of necessity or obligation ( must / have to / has to ) to complete the sentences: 66 6. I _______________ give you directions to my house if you are coming to the party on Saturday.

67. Use a modal of necessity or obligation ( must / have to / has to ) to complete the sentences: 67 6. I have to/must give you directions to my house if you are coming to the party on Saturday.

68. Fill in the blanks with must not or don’t / doesn’t have to and the verb. 68 Example: I __________________ forget to lock up when I leave.

69. Fill in the blanks with must not or don’t / doesn’t have to and the verb. 69 Example: I __________________ forget to lock up when I leave. I must not forget to lock up when I leave.

70. Fill in the blanks with must not or don’t / doesn’t have to and the verb. 70 2. My father _____________________ eat junk food every day because it’s bad for his heart.

71. Fill in the blanks with must not or don’t / doesn’t have to and the verb. 71 2. My father must not eat junk food every day because it’s bad for his heart.

72. Fill in the blanks with must not or don’t / doesn’t have to and the verb. 72 3. You ________________ read the entire article if you don’t want to.

73. Fill in the blanks with must not or don’t / doesn’t have to and the verb. 73 3. You don’t have to read the entire article if you don’t want to.

74. Fill in the blanks with must not or don’t / doesn’t have to and the verb. 74 4. She’s lucky. She _________________ finish her homework before going out tonight.

75. Fill in the blanks with must not or don’t / doesn’t have to and the verb. 75 4. She’s lucky. She doesn’t have to finish her homework before going out tonight.

76. Fill in the blanks with must not or don’t / doesn’t have to and the verb. 76 5. We _____________________ plan our trip right now. We can wait for another time.

77. Fill in the blanks with must not or don’t / doesn’t have to and the verb. 77 5. We don’t have to plan our trip right now. We can wait for another time.

78. Fill in the blanks with must not or don’t / doesn’t have to and the verb. 78 6. We __________________ be late for the morning meeting.

79. Fill in the blanks with must not or don’t / doesn’t have to and the verb. 79 6. We must not be late for the morning meeting.

80. Fill in the blanks with must not or don’t / doesn’t have to and the verb. 80 7. You ________________ apologize. It is not your fault.

81. Fill in the blanks with must not or don’t / doesn’t have to and the verb. 81 7. You don’t have to apologize . It is not your fault.

82. More Practice: 82 https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/modal-verbs-of-obligation-exercise-1.html

83. Discussion: Practice: has/have to: 83 Form questions using the following phrases and ask a classmate. Begin your question with “Do you have to…” Get up early every morning? Cook dinner every day? Check your email often?

84. Discussion: Which modal is best? Which modal is better to use in the following sentences (must OR have to). Remember “must” is more common to use for external circumstances. “Have to” is more common for the things that you decide are important. 84 Get to work on time. Get more sleep at night. Eat healthier. Buy a ticket to ride the bus.

85. Questions? 85 https://pixabay.com/photos/cup-of-coffee-laptop-office-macbook-1280537/ shared under CC0

86. Homework: 86 Think about some things that you “must” or “have to” do (or not do). Write 3 sentences telling me about them. Use the modals must, must not, can’t, have to, don’t have to, and / or have got to in your sentences. Examples: In Canada, you must have a license to drive a vehicle. I have to get up early if I want to eat breakfast.

87. HOMEWORK: The details Submit your homework to Lori on Skype : live:loramoren 2. I will correct it and provide feedback.

88. Sources: 88 https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/grammar/english-grammar-reference/modal-verbs https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/modal-verbs-of-obligation.html https://app.ellii.com/lesson/2019-modals-of-necessity-obligation https://continuingstudies.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/330/grammar/330-modals-necessity/#:~:text=Let's%20read%20about%20how%20to,is%20most%20common%20in%20writing .

89. Language Contest Want to learn more expressions, Canadian cultural references and idioms? Check English Online’s Facebook and Instagram pages and take the challenge of our Language Contest every other Thursday! You can win EO personalized prizes and improve your English skills one idiom at a time!

90. Thank you! Lori Morency Skype: live:loramoren livelearn.ca

91. Thank you! Blaine [email protected] livelearn.ca 1-204-946-5140 Website: livelearn.ca Email: [email protected]