Models of Technology Transfer.pdf

Transferring of details related to formulation and analytical strategies from one area to another area i.e. from R&D to production department and transferring of resulting product from lab scale to production scale. It’s a organized procedure including documented information and knowledge gained throughout the development. In pharmaceutical industry technology transfer includes steps from drug discovery to product development, clinical trials and full scale commercialization. According to WHO it’s a logical procedure that controls the transfer of any method along with its documentation and professional expertise between development and manufacturer.

1. Models of
Technology Transfer
Presented By:
Miss. Mohini Tawade,
First Year M. Pharmacy,
Department of Quality Assurance,
Dr. D.Y. Patil College of Pharmacy, Akurdi,
Pune.

2. Introduction to
Technology Transfer
Transferring of details related to formulation and analytical strategies
from one area to another area i.e. from R&D to production department
and transferring of resulting product from lab scale to production scale.
It’s a organized procedure including documented information and
knowledge gained throughout the development.
In pharmaceutical industry technology transfer includes steps from drug
discovery to product development, clinical trials and full scale
commercialization.
According to WHO it’s a logical procedure that controls the transfer of
any method along with its documentation and professional expertise
between development and manufacturer.

3. Models of TechnologyTransfer
Qualitative Model
It describes activities involved
in managing technology
transfer and eliminates factors
or issues that can influence the
success or effectiveness of
technology transfer.
Quantitative Model
This aim at quantifying
parameters of significance in
technology transfer and analysing
them to minimize the goal
incompatibilities between
transferor and transferees of
technology.

4. Qualitative Technology Transfer Model
1) The Bar-ZakayModel

5. This Technology Transfer model is based on project management approach.
This model divides Technology Transfer process into
Search
Adaptation
Implementation
Maintenance stage
Upper half describes activities and requirements of donor (transferor) and lower half
describes activities and requirements of recipient (transferee)
It also includes skills needed to be acquired by transferor and transferee for Technology
Transfer.

6. Disadvantages
Model has limited relevance to today's world. Since, condition and activities
explained have link with 1960's and early 1970's
When recipient of technology were mainly depended on aid program for purchase of
technology.
Lesson can be learned
Need of detailed examination of entire Technology Transfer process from search to
post implementation activities.
For planning and carrying out technology transfer project process approach need to
be adopted.
It is important to have goals and proper decision making bodies so that activities can
be strengthened, mistakes corrected nadif required project can be terminated at any
point.

7. 2) Behrman and WallenderModel
Proposed 7 stages for international Technology transfer, which is more relevant to
multinational corporation.
1) Manufacturing proposal and planning to decide location and preparing business
including good resource assessment.
2) Deciding product design which is to be transferred.
3) Specifying details of plant to be design to produce product and also construction and
infrastructure development.
4) Plant construction and product startup.
5) Adapting process and product, if required strengthening production system to suit
local conditions.
6) Improving product technology transfer using local skills.
7) Providing external support to strengthen relationship between transferor and
transferee.

8. Weakness
In first 3 steps transferor develop product with minimum involvement of
transferee.
From fifth and sixth step there is involvement of transferee.
Lessons can be learned
Need of transferee to be involved right from beginning of planning and
implementation of technology transfer.
Technology transfer project does not end with commencement of production.
Technology transfer can't be said successful until we get desired results.

9. 3)Dahlmanand Westphal Model
It's a nine stage process model
1) Pre-investment is carried out together information and techno-economic analysis is
done to establish project viability.
2) Carryout preliminary identification of required technology
3) Carryout basic engineering study involving process flow diagram, layouts, material,
design specifications.
4) Carryout detailed engineering study involving civil engineering plan for facility,
construction, installing specification and technology required.
5) Selection of supplier for equipment, machinery installation in plant.

10. 6) Prepare and execute a training and education plan for workers who would be employed in technology
transfer project.
7) Construct the plant.
8) Commence operation.
9) Develop trouble-shooting skills to solve design and operation problem if arise (specially during early
years of operation)
Here, transferee is involved at all the stages of technology transfer project.
Lessons can be Learned
Technology transfer project is best studied using all processes is sequential manner.
Technology transfer project should not commenced without carefully study
Transferee should be involved in planning from the beginning.
Transferee should develop engineering and project management skills for effective handling of
technology transfer project.

11. 4) ChantramonklasriModel
R & D
New technical
knowledge
Installation, testing and
starting the operation
Pre-investment,
economic and
technical feasibility
study
Engineering
specification
and design
Capital
good
production
Existing
technical
knowledge
Economical
information
Commercial
Production Managerial activities

12. Quantitative Technology Transfer Model
1) Sharif and Haq
It involves concept of potential technological distance between transferor and
transferee.
If potential technological distance is too large or toosmall between transferor
and transferee effectiveness of transfer is low.
2) Raz et al
Model for technological catch up
Shows how technology leader assist to improve the rate of technology development
through technology transfer.

13. It involves 3 phases of growth of technology followers:
Slow initial phase with high technological capability gap
Faster learning phase with decrease capability gap
Catch up phase when technological gap is very small or close
3) Klein and Lim
They have studied technology gap between the general machinery, electrical and
electronic industries of Korea and Japan
Model suggest that technology transfer from leaders can play critical role in upgrading
technological levels of follower firms.

14. Thank You!