Modern ages

Modern Ages- Bilingual education primary

1. Modern Ages

2. Modern Ages S. XV - XVIII
Beginning
The Discovery of
America (1492).
2 ) The Protestant
Reformation (1517).
The End
French Revolution
(1789)
1) The capture of
Constantinople by
the Turks in 1453
Other events:

3. Concepts: the modern age
1.- Economy
- Development of trade between Spain an America: gold ,…
- Exploration(America) and discoveries.
- Economic transformation.
2.- Society.
- development of cities and the middle ages
3.- Religion
- Intolerance: Protestantism Catholicism ( inquisition) muslims and jews
4.- Politics,
- Absolute monarchies
5.- Science
-scientific and technical discoveries
6.- Art and culture.
- Art and literature in Spain. the renaissance, the baroque, the
enlightment
7.- The Spanish Monarchy.
- Habsburg Dynasty .
- The Bourbon Dynasty

4. The Catholic kings
• The marriage in 1469 of Isabel I and Fernando II, united the kingdoms
o Castile and Aragon, Later, in 1496 they were called the Catholic
Kings.
During their reign:
 they conquered Granada kingdom and discovered America
 Unified their kingdoms
 Increased their power and created a modern state
 Were intolerant toward other religions, and persecuted Jews and
Muslims. The discovery of America
In 1492, Christopher Columbus started
a journey to the East Indies, in order to
find a route to improve the spice
commerce.
He did it with the money from the
Catholic Kings of Spain. During that
journey, Colombus discovered
America.
Spain 16th century
The expedition left on the 3rd August 1492 with three ships ( Santa María , Pinta and
Niña) and reached the island of San Salvador on the 12th of October 1492

5. Columbus thought that the Earth was round. He
believed he had reached the Indies in his
journey. Columbus died believing he had
reached the East by sailing west, but instead he
had discovered a “new world.”
A New World
Economy During the 16th century Spain was the most
powerful nation in Europe, gold and silver arrived from
America
there were many voyages of discovery and Spain conquered
many territories.
Religion: Spain fought many wars against Protestant and
Muslims countries. Inquisition: people were judged if they
were not “good” catholics
The 16th Century
The kings in this period belonged to the
house of Austria ( Habsburg) the first one was
Charles I (grandson of the Catholic
Kings) and Felipe II, his son

Carlos I
Felipe II
Spanish Empire Total Expansion

6. The next Hapsburg king are: Felipe III, Felipe IV and Carlos II
The 17th century
Spain was a country IN CRISIS
Crisis in Society: the population declined because of plague
epidemics, bad harvests, expulsion of Moors , emigration to America,
etc… there was an increase of beggars and poors.
Crisis in Economy : Commercial activity declined because decrease of
population
Culture and Art: important period for literature and Art called “ The
golden Age”: Cervanes, Lope de vega, Velázquez
The end of the Hapsburg kings
Charles II died childless in 1700
Succession War began: there were
two candidates: Felipe de Anjou ( French) and
Carlos de Austria .
Spain lose power in Europe
A new dynasty replaced the Habsburg: The
Bourbon Dynasty
Felipe V was the first of the Bourbon dynasty
which continues to reign today

7. The Bourbon Dynasty
Felipe V
•Absolutist monarch
•He centralised the government
•Chose new officials to control his lands
•Eliminated many local laws and institutions
and created new ones for the whole empire
The 18th century
The 18th century was the period of the Bourbon kings. Felipe V,
Fernando VI, Carlos III and Carlos IV
The reforms of the 18th century:
•Agricultural production improved (introduction of corn and potato)
•Industry developed
•Trade with America increased

8. The next Bourbon king were: Fernando VI and Carlos III
Carlos
III
He was king during the Enlightenment
He started many new plans to modernize Spain
He improved Spain´s system of roads and
He modernized agriculture
He establisehed the Royal Factories to promote
industry
The next Bourbon king were:
Carlos IV, Fernando VII, Isabel II, Alfonso XII, Alfonso XIII And
Juan Carlos I and Felipe VI (current monarch)
The enlightment:
It is a cultural , scientific and political movement developed in
France , consequence: first democratic ideas

9. Exploration and discoveries
• During the 15th and 16th centuries, many geographic discoveries took
place. : maps, compass, astrolabe, carabel
In 1492, Christopher Columbus started a journey to the East Indies,
with the money from the Catholic Kings of Spain. During that journey,
Colombus discovered America.
Economy

10. Economic
transformation
Agriculture
was the
main
economic
activity
International commerce increased
European countries produced
more coins
The first bank accumulated
money and charged interest for
loans.
The first modern factories
appeared
Voyages of Columbus, Magellan-Elcano and Vasco da Gama

11. Society
During the modern age, society was divided into three groups:
Nobility
Clergy
Commoners

12. •Royalty
•Members of the upper
class
Nobility
They had special privileges
They could govern
They didn´t have to pay
taxes
They had their own courts
of law
Clergy
•Church officials
(such a
bishops and priests)

13. Commoner
s
Burghers – middle
class
(lived in towns and
cities)
Beggars
(lived in towns and
cities)
Peasants
(lived in the
country)
They became a powerful
social and economic group
including:
•Merchants
•Doctors
•Lawyers
•Artisans
•Shopkeepers
-Formed the largest social
group
-They were usually very poor
-Some of them lived in terrible
conditions

14. Important changes occurred during this period
The origin of modern statesReligious conflictsThe origin of Modern Science
Politics, religion and science

15. The origin of modern states
At the beginning of the16th century, European monarchies
dominated an unifed territory, created permanent armies, chose
diplomats and ambassadors, developed a very organised
administrations and collected new taxes to pay for their armies

16. Religious conflicts
The Modern Age was a time of religious intolerance and conflicts
Martin Luther published criticisms of The Catholic
Church
European Christians divided into two groups:
Catholics and Protestants
There were religious wars between Catholics
Protestants and Muslims
In some Catholics countries there was an
institution called the Inquisition

17. The origin of Modern Science
Begins the development of modern science because of the
invention of printing (Gutenberg 1543)
Some of greatest thinkers:
Copernicus's heliocentric
theory says, the sun is the
center of the solar system
Leonardo da Vinci designed many
unusual machines
Miguel Servet discovered the
pulmonary circulatory motion
Other great thinkers were Galileo, Descartes, Bacon, Pascal, Newton, Limaeus and
Jenner.

18. The main artistic styles of the Modern Age were:
Renaissance Baroque Neoclassical
Downing College,
Cambridge
Leonardo da
Vinci's
Vitruvian Man
David by
Bernini
Art And
Culture

19. The Renaissance style
Main characteristics:
This style is typical in the 15
th
and 16
th
centuries.
It was inspired by ancient Greek and Roman art
Some of most famous Renaissance artist are Leonardo da Vinci,
Michelangelo and Raphael
Mona Lisa by
Leonardo da Vinci is a master
piece of Renaissance
Michelangelo’s Pietà

20. The Baroque style
This style was typical in the 17th century and the first half
of the 18 century.
It used lots of curved lines, decoration and dramatic effects,
such as contrasts between light and dark areas.
Some of most famous Renaissance artist are Bernini,
Rembrandt, Rubens and Caravaggio.
Main characteristics:
Caravaggio, Supper at Emmaus 1601
Rembrandt van Rijn, The Night Watch or The Militia
Company of Captain Frans Banning Cocq, 1642
Tomb of Pope Alexander - Chigi
VII by Gian Lorenzo Bernini, 1671-
1678

21. THE NEOCLASSICAL
STYLE
This style was typical of the second half of the 18th century.
It returned to the classical styles and concepts of ancient
Greece and Rome.
This style was especially important in architecture.
Main characteristics:
L'École Militaire on the Champ de Mars,
Paris by Ange-Jacques Gabriel
The Pantheon Paris, France by
Jacques-Germain Soufflot .1757
The Death of Marat by
Jacques Louis David
(1793)

22. Art and Literature in Spain
In Spain there were great artists who made an important contribution the world of
art and literature. At the beginning of the 16th century, the most important painter
in Spain was Doménikos Theotokópoulos EL Greco
Portrait of An Old Man
(presumed self-portrait of
El Greco), circa 1595–1600
El Greco was a painter Renaissance-Mannerist
Characteristics of his painting
•Elongation of faces and hands
•Likes to fill all the space of the picture.
•Richly colored, with a predominance of yellow ocher
•Religious themes
The Burial of the Count of Orgaz (1586–1588,
Santo Tomé, Toledo), now El Greco's best
known work, illustrates a popular local legend.

23. SpaniSh Golden aGe
(paintinG)
For the Golden Age refers to the classical era of the Spanish culture, essentially the XVI century
Renaissance and the Baroque of the XVII century.
Painting:
In the golden age, there were great painters like Ribera (el españoleto), Ribalta,
Murillo, Zurbarán, Machuca ... and especially Velazquez
Beggar Boys Eating Grapes
and Melon,, by Murillo.
St.Mary Magdalene, o St.
Thais , 1641 by Ribera
St. Hugh of Cluny in the Refectory of
the Carthusians,(1630-35) by Zurbaran

24. Diego
Velázquez
Diego Rodriguez de Silva y Velázquez, known as
Diego Velázquez, was a Baroque painter,
considered one of the leading exponents of
Spanish painting and master painters.
Las Meninas (1656).

25. Also in the Golden Age in Spain had great writers such as:
Quevedo (El Buscón, Gongora Lope de Vega (Fuente Ovejuna,Rimas,El Perro del
Hortelano,La Hermosura de). Calderon de la Barca (Comedies -.
Ret rato de Francisco de
Quevedo
Félix lope de Vega y Carpio
D. Luis de Góngora, by
Diego de Velázquez
Literature
Pedro Calderón de la Barca
Tirso de Molina (fray
Gabriel Téllez )

26. Cover of the first edition of Don
Quixote (1605).
... and possibly the most important writer of the Golden Age Miguel de
Cervantes is the masterpiece of Spanish literature, Don Quixote
Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra. (Baptised in October 1547; died 23 April 1616) . He was a
Spanish novelist, poet, and playwright. His magnum opus, Don Quixote, considered the first
modern novel is a classic of Western literature, and is regarded amongst the best works of
fiction ever written. His influence on the Spanish language has been so great that the
language is often called la lengua de Cervantes ("the language of Cervantes").
Miguel de Cervantes
Saavedra
Don Quixote is considered the
most influential work of literature
from the Spanish Golden Age and
the entire Spanish literary canon.
As a founding work of modern
Western literature, and one of the
earliest canonical novels, it
regularly appears high on lists of
the greatest works of fiction ever
published. In one such list, Don
Quixote was cited as the "best
literary work ever written".
Other works may be La Galatea,
Rinconete y Cortadillo, Novelas
Ejemplares, Los trabajos de
Persiles y Segismunda y Los
Baños de Argel.

27. The End