Modern Pharmacognosy.pptx

Modern Pharmacognosy applied in society

1. PHARMACOGNOSY AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY-I Prepared by Mr. GOWRI SANKAR CHINTAPALLI Assistant Professor School of Pharmacy ARKA JAIN UNIVERSITY

2. INTRODUCTION

3. CONTENTS Definition History Scope Development

4. DEFINITION: Pharmacognosy is systematic study of these crude drugs obtained from natural origin like plant, animal and minerals. Pharmacognosy can be defined as branch of science which involves detail study of drugs obtained from natural origin including name, habitat, collection, cultivation, macroscopy, microscopy, physical properties, chemical constituents, therapeutic actions, uses and adulterants. The word pharmacognosy is derived from two words, pharmakon means medicine (drug) and gignosco means to acquire knowledge of something.

5. pharmakon = Medicine(Drug) PHARMACOGNOSY gignosco = Acquire Knowledge

6. MODERN PHARMACOGNOSY Modern pharmacognosy study is divided into the following eight fields: Medical Ethnobotany Ethnopharmacology Phytotherapy Phytochemistry Zoopharmacognosy Pharmacognosy-Biotechnology Herbal Interactions Marine Pharmacognosy

7. MODERN PHARMACOGNOSY Medical Ethnobotany In the broadest sense, both medical ethnobiology and ethnopharmacology attempt to make sense and to understand traditional medical systems: the first from perceptions, healing strategies, natural resources used to fight diseases or maintain health; the second from traditional medicines, either plants, animals, or ... Ethnopharmacology Based on these considerations, ethnopharmacology is defined as 'the interdisciplinary scientific exploration of biologically active agents traditionally employed or observed by man'.Many of the medicines we rely on today, from aspirin to morphine to the anti-cancer drug, Taxol , were derived from plants. The cross-cultural study of medicines derived from naturally occurring substances like plants and fungi is known as ethnopharmacology.

8. MODERN PHARMACOGNOSY Phytotherapy Phytotherapy is  the use of plants or herbs to manage health conditions . It also refers to substances that come from plants or herbs. Medicinal plants and herbs are a form of complementary medicine. These are therapies that you can receive alongside traditional Western medicine.

9. MODERN PHARMACOGNOSY Phytochemistry It is mainly used as herbal medicine for  diarrhoea, menorrhagia, stomach aches, skin infections, inflammations, and rashes . Phytochemical compounds identified from the species, include flavonoids , peltogynoid, phenols, proanthocyanidins, tannin, and triterpenes. Herbs and plant parts having different chemicals

10. MODERN PHARMACOGNOSY Zoopharmacognosy The science of animal self-medication is called zoopharmacognosy, derived from the roots zoo (“animal”), pharma (“drug”), and gnosy (“knowing”). It's not clear how much knowing or learning is involved, but many animals seem to have evolved an innate ability to detect the therapeutic constituents in plants. Self medicated animals

11. MODERN PHARMACOGNOSY

12. MODERN PHARMACOGNOSY Herbal interactions Any pharmacological modification caused by herbal substances to another prescription medication (diagnostic, therapeutic or other action of a drug) in or on the body. An herb might increases or decreases the effects of co-administered drugs. Consequences can be beneficial, undesirable or harmful effects.

13. MODERN PHARMACOGNOSY Marine Pharmacognosy Marine Pharmacognosy deals with the naturally occurring bioactive compounds biosynthesised in the organisms found in the sea, which have medicinal value. Many antimicrobial, antiviral, antiparasitic, anticancer drugs have been obtained from these marine organisms.

14. HISTORY: History of pharmacognosy can be classified into three major stages. First stage : Before 18th century, very few documents and recorded evidences are available showing use of natural products by human. Second stage: In 19th century, which is the time when basic subject has evolved. In this century, the name pharmacognosy came into practice. Initially the subject was more likely to descriptive botany of medicinal plants. But as the time progress, it changes the course and encompasses extraction, isolation and other advances techniques. Third stage: In 20th century, which may be considered as third stage of development, series of discoveries resulted in complete metamorphosis of the subject. From last two decades, pharmacognosy is studied in more systematic manner. As herbal wave continue to sweep the world, importance of natural product is at the pinnacle. People are expecting natural products to fit in modern framework. As a result of this there are series of new herbal formulations in the market

15. SCOPE: Pharmacognosy is critical in development of different disciplines of science. A pharmacognosist should possess a sound knowledge of the terms used to describe the vegetable and animal drugs as covered under botany and zoology, respectively. The knowledge of plant taxonomy, plant breeding, plant pathology and plant genetics is helpful in the development of cultivation technology for medicinal and aromatic plants. Pharmacognosy is important branch of pharmacy which is playing key role in new drug discovery and development by using natural products. Pharmacognosy can help to increase effectiveness of modern medicine system. More than 60% of world population is still using natural product for their primary healthcare needs. Pharmacognosy can provide safe and effective drugs in combination with modern medicine system. Pharmacognosy includes knowledge about safe use of herbal drugs including toxicity, side effects, drug interaction thereby increasing effectiveness of modern medicine.

16. Pharmacognosy is the base for development of novel medicines. Most of the compounds obtained from natural product serve as prototype or base for development of new drug which are more active and less toxic. By means of pharmacognosy, natural products can be dispensed, formulated and manufactured in dosage forms acceptable to modern system of medicine. There are vast number of plant and animal species which are not studied systematically. Development of pharmacognosy also leads to development of botany, taxonomy, plant biotechnology, plant genetics, plant pathology, pharmaceutics, pharmacology, phytochemistry and other branches of science.

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