Modern Physics ( आधुनिक भौतिकी ) @irfanullah_mehar.pdf

Modern Physics ( आधुनिक भौतिकी ) @irfanullah_mehar.pdf

1. Physics
<br>
Notes
<br>
IrfanullahMehar/
<br>
[email protected]
<br>
Oirfanullah_mehar
<br>
WorldofWisdom
<br>

2. Modeun
<br>
Phyafes
<br>
(sgflasaa)
<br>
(GeialThayRelatit)
<br>
Atomic
<br>
(NueleasPyalcs)
<br>
5)
n
(um)
<br>
(Naclaspyefec+Racioactiity)
<br>
23]02]2025
<br>
Sundat
<br>
a (
mlatteshaveg) 1qn(num)
<br>
6)
%0Jhfas
(PatelePlyses)-1qn(Aheoy)
<br>

3. fartfcle)
OR
<br>
fortiele)
<br>
Dtorachon
<br>
sha
(PantfelePhysics)
<br>
sírefasy
<br>
Boson
<br>

4. (G)
<br>
Range
<br>
Relatire
eth
Sntemtdfate
<br>
faticle
<br>
Fundamental
Force
<br>
Shost
(Sioy)
<br>
Guons
(sait-ay)
fm
<br>
1
<br>
(Grovitaficnal
fce
<br>
1
<br>
Phslen
(5je))
<br>
402
<br>
Elechrrasnete
grce
<br>
8O.9,
80.4,3).2
<br>
163
fm
<br>
(hort/
0u)
<br>
03
<br>
(weak
force)
<br>
Gavitioms
<br>
-39
<br>
10
<br>
(ârafairg)
<br>
(Gvavitational
rce)
<br>

5. 1
<br>
(Positron+Otherntfpafele)
<br>
19903Pauldirac
electron
<br>
clvotrun
<br>
Avipartfele90
<br>
sf
aan)
,
<br>
spn)
<br>
RosonPartfale.
<br>

6. 11
<br>
(Leptons)
<br>
Dtehachon
<br>
Lepton
<br>
Leptns(reTg)
<br>
Do)(Pasdfcle)
<br>
(Meson)
<br>
Small)
<br>
(Hedhons)
<br>

7. lepton
<br>
(Gpin)
ts
<br>
These
<br>
6Leptons
<br>
(Muon)
<br>
ole.netino)
<br>
(six
Leptont3u2d
)
<br>
(mruuenneutrino)
<br>
(Tou)
<br>
Tounetno
<br>
hue
clemontoay
<br>
exists
<br>
,
<br>
ymbolAtfpat:
<br>
cle
<br>
Le
<br>
et(-1)+1
<br>
+1
<br>
+1
<br>
Paticles
<br>
LLite
time.
<br>
+1
<br>
+1
<br>
Stable
<br>
Stable
<br>
2.20X1D6
<br>
Sjable
<br>
<4X1613
<br>
Stable
<br>

8. )
Hedrons()
<br>
Thosepartfeler
which
<br>
pantfelea
whfchbact
<br>
oalled
Hqclroms.
<br>
()
Mescn(riT)
<br>
yaq(Yakausa)
<br>
shngfoce,
<br>
patiele)e,ifgi;
<br>
en
theemo
clechrm,
<br>
esoncecays
<br>
Positron,Neuno
ndphotn.
<br>
(m=lyx10
<br>
1
<br>

9. mescn
<br>
(9E
)
<br>
(Kin)
<br>
(Eta)
<br>
S1ycl-
<br>
K
<br>
Ks
<br>
Symbolfasaaf
<br>
K
<br>
eqP
<br>
K&
<br>
nProtom
<br>
(Eta)
<br>
(s)
<br>
(shangenes)
<br>
+|
<br>
Protonsifers
mass)
<br>
+)
<br>
(spln)
<br>
Lite
Period
<br>
5.2}
J6
<br>
Jo24
X
16
<br>
2.2
XI6
<br>

10. ()fea
(Buyon)
<br>
111
<br>
Banyon-
Heavy()
<br>
aifaysrU
Poton foaT|
<br>
(Baron)
<br>
Poroton.
<br>
Neutrn
<br>
(Lambada)
<br>
Preten)
<br>
Syrnbolntpatele
<br>
P
<br>
Value)
<br>
(Gpin)SungcesLiferi
<br>
-1
<br>
2.6Xlb
<br>

11. Boon
<br>
(m)
<br>
(Dta)
<br>
()
<br>
Aynbsl
<br>
M
M
<br>
M
<br>
-)
<br>
-2
<br>
6X1020
<br>
).5
XIo
<br>
6X1624
<br>
6X)2y
<br>
6X10Y
<br>
-10
<br>
9.9X10
<br>

12. gofts
<br>
DO(BascnPatele)
<br>
(ven)
<br>
spin
-
<br>
SY
<br>
-
<br>
moRon,Phonon,Photon,
W
2
<br>
56JFehunlonpatlcle)
<br>
EX-Lepton,
Baen
<br>

13. H
<br>
2pt2etln
<br>
()2p+2e
+
2n6
<br>
+
<br>
3P+3712e
=8
<br>
13Li
3P+4n
+2e
<br>
(i)Pg
n
<br>
Ipon
t
D
<br>
OPt
On
+
le
<br>
i+
ôn
tOe
<br>
=)
<br>
=)
<br>
=)
<br>
-)T3oson
<br>
S=)
<br>
Ex
=
L
3p3n
<br>

14. ci)Pan(/fsy)
<br>
NOTE
<br>
NDTE
<br>
EX
<br>
Leptonas eumin
<br>
Mmesonb6)
<br>
Baye
<br>
Heddr
<br>
-)2Pt
3n
S
<br>
Bosnti
<br>
Fermion
<br>
Boson)emicm
<br>

15. (Lao
o
Gonsenathon)
<br>
(mass
<br>
cmcevaiaglauo)
<br>
(5)Bayon
<br>
(Eiengyaoacvationlau)kere-
Fagte
<br>
Cengehvafionla)
<br>
mementumcmsbvahen
<br>
La
<br>
ho,
conseryation
<br>
lauc)
<br>
begore
<br>
Tarany)
<br>
ates
<br>

16. Parotoo
<br>
B=+1
<br>
Ex
<br>
B-1
<br>
8
<br>
(
fa
aan)
<br>
P+
n
P+P+n+P
<br>
1
<br>
bbekore
1+|=2
<br>
(ŠSA)
<br>
-1
<br>
BateJ1)-1
<br>
Cunoecui
)
<br>
=2
<br>

17. EX
<br>
P+n
<br>
Rxncant
<br>
SrfT
(Hon-conaenveal)
<br>
P+P
+P
<br>
(sfsna)sá)
<br>
Leptn
no.
<br>
-1+1-I
<br>
Lepton
<br>
CnseVationlas
<br>
faenea
<br>
Loptn
<br>
b)
<br>
)
<br>

18. Ex
-
<br>
Le
<br>
Lu=l
<br>
+)
<br>
(e'V)
<br>
(z2)
<br>
(tD)
<br>
(3)
<br>
Lel
-)t6=0
<br>

19. Ex
<br>
Le-1
<br>
Unconaeved
<br>
(strange
Paohele)
<br>

20. (i)
<br>
Kion
(®)()
<br>
(G)Lambada
(ÖFaE)(
<br>
tin)sigma
(=)
<br>
(iv)
<br>
Xf
<br>
(E)
<br>
(n)
<br>
(O
<br>
S=+1
<br>
S1
<br>
S=
-)
<br>

21. Ex
<br>
S
<br>
fazo
<br>
Btere
<br>
S-1
<br>
AHter
<br>
(y)
<br>
+1
<br>
-1
<br>

22. (i)TP
<br>
(üi)
<br>
Kt
<br>
AQ=-)
<br>
S=-3
<br>
Rxhantt
occ
<br>
iv)
<br>
1
<br>
(AQ-))
<br>
e(N-N)
<br>
(Hgpehaqe)
<br>
(GialmanNisszimavelatim
<br>
s-2
(a--))
<br>

23. i
)
AD
<br>
(vi)
<br>
Tsospin(NRED) s/ns;
esa)
<br>
(P.n)
<br>
h-i
<br>
Topin
<br>
1
<br>
1
<br>
1932eg>a(Heicedeo
<br>
mitaiv)
<br>

24. No.
<br>
Pasticle
<br>
P
<br>
kt
<br>
Ko
<br>
7
<br>
7
<br>
1
<br>
H
<br>
+
Vs
<br>
+
1
<br>
+)
<br>

25. Ex
<br>
I
<br>
Bs
<br>
Be
<br>
c3
lColonb)
<br>
hofm) Sspin
<br>
Uncenethve
<br>
Secspn
<br>
Atte
<br>

26. 963
<br>
I
1
+o
<br>
I
<br>
IT
<br>
fiaveun
it
<br>
I
<br>
P+P
<br>
(QuakPatfale)
<br>
zuig
<br>
Gallman GeoveZig
<br>

27. ()aend
Guenenaion
<br>
Up
ory)
<br>
Daon(337)
<br>
€)
Chamed
<br>
(-as)
<br>
(aynge)
<br>
Toplay)
<br>
Bottum
<br>
(alen)
<br>
U
<br>
b
<br>
-2e
<br>
-he
<br>
+e
<br>
+e
<br>
-se
<br>
B.N.
<br>
-V3
<br>
-Va
<br>
-4
<br>
+1
<br>
Up
<br>
sroge
<br>
Chmeo
<br>
Top
<br>
Bottom
<br>
+)
<br>
-1
<br>

28. CCampeaitinRule)
<br>
ti)
<br>
Bayon
<br>
Ardibayen
<br>
+
<br>
(iv)++
<br>
nddU
<br>
2(+)
1-))
<br>
U
<br>
3(-)
<br>
vds6
<br>
3Quak(ujd/3)
<br>
1(+)
+
(-)
<br>
dls
<br>
Up
<br>
ale
<br>
E
<br>
Uss
<br>

29. NOTE
<br>
dd
orv
UU-dd
<br>
Us
<br>
Ikods
<br>

30. tiv)n)
<br>
2ndGracle2022
<br>
Q.
1
<br>
hich
<br>
ddt
UU
-
2ss
<br>
J3
<br>
(A)Proton(B)Neutnino(c)
Mucn(4)eaton
<br>
OndGade9n2Sanakit)
<br>
lepton
<br>
Loptone,
Ve
<br>
)dss
<br>
Ans-A)
<br>
Ang=d
<br>

31. 1etGrade2un2
<br>
)+2
e -
<br>
ASAT
201B
<br>
5
<br>
He
<br>
=1e
<br>
Ans-c
<br>
Amgc
<br>

32. JatGradeO20Tech
<br>
Paity(s1)
<br>
oin
<br>
Saospin
<br>
TT
Quak
Ra
<br>
UU+
dd
<br>
J
<br>
UU-dd
<br>
Ang-c)
<br>
UD-dd An
<br>
J2
<br>

33. Jsqvadr2020(Tech)
<br>
(A)
<br>
Q
<br>
(c)
<br>
6)
<br>
(d)
<br>
(i)
<br>
P
<br>
(B)4
<br>
s)Gravifatisnal
<br>
C-I
<br>
Y
<br>
ii)
<br>
P
<br>
Jstgrade2020(1coh)
<br>
(ii)
<br>
P
<br>
Lepton
H
oden
<br>
Loptena
<br>
C-II
<br>
(P)
<br>
(Rang)
<br>
(2)
<br>
Column-T
<br>
Hacreca0)
<br>
-lb
<br>
10m
<br>
(r)1o5
m
<br>
Ane-
d
<br>
Leptons Hedhns
0)
<br>

34. (4)
<br>
Bocon
<br>
s GYad
e
020
<br>
Hedens
<br>
founion
<br>
LeptonFomion
<br>
+le=
+let
<br>
Conievatin
<br>
+ P
<br>
Loptune
<br>
10
<br>
ne-C|
<br>
(a)
<br>
+|10
<br>
-1H
<br>
10
<br>

35. (DBayen
Gomsevadhoy
<br>
)0+o
<br>
Astfade26o
<br>
()
0
<br>
uhinsie)
<br>
(D1+)1t)
<br>
B
<br>
92
<br>
(mEane)
<br>
Ane-
B)
<br>
(n)°<10s
<br>
tiv))<o
-
10s
<br>
(T03/
<br>

36. RSAT
<br>
Q.12)
<br>
RST
<br>
6
Leptunu
<br>
e-,Ve
<br>
(
<br>
-
<br>
mesom
<br>
0)
Stanrd
medel
<br>
(c)nachon(4)dt
en
<br>
6
<br>
Quale
<br>
T,b
<br>
neutýnSeunfaa
<br>

37. CL-2020
<br>
afe
<br>
G15
<br>
P 8
<br>
C12020/
<br>
Be
<br>
Ca
<br>
2D
<br>
20
<br>
20
<br>
R
<br>
13upa
<br>
Ca
<br>
20
<br>
3
<br>
38
<br>
50
<br>
208
<br>
88
<br>
28
<br>
Pb
<br>
82
<br>
12.6
<br>
13dewnuade
<br>
quaok
<br>
14olewnqual
<br>
Ans-A
<br>

38. C.L.2020
<br>
P=4
<br>
PUUd
<br>
1p
2up+
i
doun
<br>
p=Bupt
ucwn
<br>
I3+BtS
<br>
BIS
<br>
Be
<br>
*e=2(Q-I
)
<br>
S:2-R-2I
<br>
StB2I
<br>
Q=13tBìs
<br>
n=5
<br>
13up-l4dawn
<br>
(B)
<br>
n
<br>
dd
<br>
An
2
dn
tiwp
<br>
Snl0den
t5up
<br>
Gutlnn-
Nishjing.
<br>
2
<br>
Tats+B
<br>
Ans-
C
<br>
+S
<br>

39. Q.17
<br>
aay
.
<br>
-L.020
<br>
(8)
<br>
1,3,
<br>
(s)
<br>
(I3)
<br>
0,I,%
<br>
T+
n
<br>
O+1
<br>
B=
1
<br>
Ghuage
Boson
<br>
(8=0)
<br>
+0
=S-1
<br>
S=1
<br>
Secepin
<br>
o,o,1
<br>
B+1
<br>
1
<br>
+1-
=
I,+0
<br>
Ob)
<br>
Gravitm)
<br>
Ane-D
<br>
(Aus-A)
<br>

40. CiL.201c
<br>
Q.19)
<br>
CL2016
<br>
CL2O16
<br>
The
<br>
L
<br>
Lepton
fa
<br>
no.
<br>
ZehD
<br>
Ang-d)
<br>
Leptons
<br>
Leptone
(*) saktePanttcle
<br>
bNeak
<br>
Ans-c)
<br>

41. Q.92
<br>
ti)siTSy
<br>
(im)arugees
<br>
e
<br>
+1
<br>
-
<br>
+1
<br>
-1
<br>
Ve
<br>
i+191
<br>
Ano-B
<br>

42. (Nucleah
Foree)
<br>
Propenteis(yi)
–
<br>
(iv)
<br>
NucleemsaH
k),Nucleas
Foree
<br>
(v)
<br>
(i)
ShortRange(io
m)
<br>
(ogvwey)
<br>
()Dn't
depend
<br>
Not
<br>
attroctiveNatwe
<br>
(3
<br>
akange
<br>
cechra
Force
<br>
StrongestForee
<br>

43. (vi)Accardingto
<br>
dueto
<br>
mucleons.
<br>
111
<br>
p
<br>
P
<br>
degstrt
<br>
evchang
<br>
(
<br>
Yakausa
,
itis
<br>
kollrw
<br>
-fafarr
<br>
T
<br>
(
vi3)
Thiskeroeis
com
picatelinnatet
<br>
Nueleos
<br>
produced
<br>
squefnvece
<br>
a
<br>

44. NOTE
<br>
This
bereealot
deped
en
<br>
theopinb
<br>
shrngt
<br>
Paralle!
<br>
Qntipaallel.
<br>
(4)At
<br>
Las
<br>
stops
<br>
Nucleemb
on
<br>
theirh
spfn4
nucleen
s
<br>
collosin
<br>
R
<br>
mueleons.Theercei
<br>
oeak
<br>
t
speed,elechic
vepuleiveforce
<br>
ueleons.
<br>

45. NOTE
<br>
]500
<br>
260
<br>
Athigh
<br>
hiphsperd
<br>
binds
<br>
olont
<br>
ucleemg
<br>
happen.
<br>
labiliy
<br>
Nucleue
<br>
muebeus,
<br>
SO
<br>
nuclear.force
<br>
that
collosom
<br>
Nucleus
<br>
stable
<br>
n
<br>
nuoleors
<br>

46. B
<br>
zN
<br>
(1igkt)
<br>
z|N
<br>
afe
1
<br>
R
(Hesvy)Nacleuas
fo-
(2o-e)
<br>
N
<br>
(1-20T)
<br>
Heany
<br>
Sable
<br>

47. NOTE
<br>
A
<br>
Even)aoloNuclees
Nunbe
<br>
209
<br>
then
<br>
Bi
<br>
(60%
<br>
Peven
<br>
nueleu
<br>
afas)
<br>
p-od
<br>
N-ven
<br>
lauiosA
<br>
B
<br>
180
<br>
Ja
<br>
13
<br>
EtasleNueleus,
<br>

48. )Binding
ne
<br>
NOTE
<br>
bTudig
<br>
more
<br>
then
<br>
(mogieNuclea)
<br>
Noleen
<br>
mere
<br>
2i6,20,2%,50,b2,)26
<br>
staslemuolel.
<br>
a g
Gfss
s
<br>
High
stalde
<br>

49. Nucleone
<br>
Someped
o
<br>
ito
<br>
Calle
<br>
()
<br>
mass
Defael
<br>
mass
<br>
toform
<br>
becommes
<br>
J
<br>
Ane-n)
<br>
rucleomechangeo
<br>
nucleue,byohch
<br>
orassdagaet
<br>
Nycleems
<br>
Tis
difbereute
<br>
maes
<br>

50. Ma
<br>
m
<br>
Am-
<br>
mass
<br>
M=Zmpt
(A-2)m,
<br>
Am=[z
mp
t
(A-z)m,]-m
<br>
Am
=
Ma-
m
<br>
mass
<br>
taetor.
<br>
Maesk
Nuclecns
<br>
Naolene
<br>
igeis
fackingFacia)
<br>
dofact
<br>
nusleons
<br>
aalled
<br>

51. Coo
<br>
(BindýgBregy)
<br>
Nucleonu
<br>
Themúnmuugn
ret
<br>
equnedtosepet
<br>
sepehtethenueleoms
<br>
equivalent
<br>
tomasSdegaotiscalled
BE
<br>

52. B.E,
=
<br>
B.E,
=
<br>
Am,
c
<br>
B.E.
<br>
Theaveae
<br>
eneg
requiredto
<br>
aucleom
fuom
<br>
perucleen,
<br>
A
<br>
(omXs3|)
Me
<br>
BE
<br>
alle
<br>
elease
<br>
B.E.
<br>
Amx93]
mer
<br>

53. Ebn
<br>
bn
<br>
Fe
<br>
(i)
<br>
staiy
<br>
()A20
<br>
maX,
<br>
(B.8mev)
<br>

54. Nuclear
Reaclie)
<br>
Parent
<br>
Nlucleue
<br>
1)
Q
Yalue
<br>
Graldenl
<br>
(yoafs)
(Bufd1)
<br>
Q
<br>
Patele
<br>
Am.c2
<br>
Q=Mpaneod
<br>
iGOf
CCongevabon(a)
<br>
honge
<br>
A
He
<br>
Neo
Nacless
<br>
N
<br>
mass,eneg
<br>
+
<br>
(Q)
<br>
nomentumG
<br>

55. (ii
)
<br>
(m)
<br>
(iv)
<br>
Ex-
<br>
)1
<br>
5
<br>
L
,He
<br>
N
<br>
1
<br>
H
<br>
m-PReaciom
<br>
12.
<br>
C
<br>
Be
+
H+
<br>
He
+
<br>
15
<br>
N
<br>
P
<br>

56. (vi)
<br>
N
H
<br>
Yn
afy.
<br>
)
<br>
GOJParticle
<br>
Protom
<br>
Netren
<br>
Poctron
<br>
+
<br>
Eleotn
<br>
d-Partfle
<br>
Y
(Giamma)
<br>
H
<br>
15
<br>
e
<br>
N
<br>
1
<br>
+1
<br>
2
<br>
t
Q
<br>
1
<br>

57. NOTE/
<br>
Atfneutrinouns
duubto
<br>
dueto
<br>
(Ö)
<br>
h
<br>
Lito
Proton
<br>
ectrm
<br>
P
<br>
decy
%
<br>
Netréno
Bermed
<br>
Neurn,
<br>
Protonido
<br>
+
)
<br>
Neutnino
<br>
(Neutsino)
<br>

58. Lnthis
<br>
combihes
<br>
(10'6
<br>
Nucleas
<br>
4H
<br>
(Beethg
<br>
oeacticn
<br>
fm
<br>
rusion
<br>
Psoton-
Pyotom Gycle
<br>
L'aht
oeaetig_ucleug
<br>
happenaat
<br>
(RJ
<br>
This
tacticn
<br>
Lo°K) hghpresee(l'
atm)
<br>
Muclee,
<br>
athigh
temp.(107kto
<br>
2He2e°
<br>
K)
<br>
+
<br>
(26.73Mey
<br>

59. H2
<br>
H3
<br>
5He
<br>
A
<br>
+ Hp8
<br>
breaks
<br>
phenemenonin
<br>
phenceh
on
<br>
onseleased.
<br>
NucleasFrcci
<br>
ido
<br>
He"tH',H'
<br>
ohíoh
a
<br>
necleuQ.
<br>
age
amo
<br>
Ctohaun
A
Strausan
<br>
ener
<br>

60. 92
<br>
235
<br>
Rote
<br>
235
<br>
Bohr
<br>
cn'
<br>
oh!.
<br>
Rate
decay
&nactron
<br>
236
<br>
fooduetion
<br>
jer)
<br>
92
<br>
236
<br>
56
<br>
140
<br>
Ba
+
Kr13nt
<br>
36
<br>
Var
<br>
200
mev
<br>
Sr+
Xe
t2ntQ
<br>

61. RoprebuetencojictevstJGoitealCottoeue
<br>
yurer)osfas yo3(K)
<br>
(i)K=1
erozoafos
e
<br>
aRa/Accelerated
<br>
Ci)K<
1
<br>
Uneondrule
<br>
Reactonusil
Be
<br>
Subcriheal
<br>
Controued
<br>
Lnare
<br>
ve
ctical
mas
<br>
etarde
<br>

62. Tnventor
<br>
Moderator
<br>
(HS)
<br>
Coolant
<br>
Cettqrt
<br>
(afaas)
<br>
Controlli
<br>
Roads
<br>
)
<br>
Nuclea
<br>
>
sielling
<br>
ya35
<br>
urft(D,0),Graphite(s)
<br>
Pu
229
<br>
Lstal
to
vetatded
<br>
9
<br>
B
<br>
Co
<br>
Lelolle
<br>
eetion
o h
<br>
-nitogen
<br>

63. Q94Oeteun Helim
<br>
Sotn
<br>
~i)
,Hi1
mev
<br>
r)
7mey Dcrteluy
<br>
22
<br>
Eb
<br>
|Q
<br>
2-2
<br>
22t
2.2.
<br>
2
<br>
s
5
<br>
23.6
mey
<br>
Nuclecm
o
<br>
Heliuy
<br>
(ù)5
He Ebn7ey
<br>
Eb
<br>
=mey
<br>

64. lA2O16
<br>
Qo25
<br>
(4)
<br>
5.06X103J()5.06Io°J
<br>
Am= 235-0439
<br>
1.0087,235.039, 7.9054
Dg135.9)70
amyE)
<br>
BE
<br>
|235.0y3gtse87–97.9054-
j35.917o-le087-
l.0087)
<br>
•.BE
=
m
X93)
<br>
BE
<br>
mo
<br>
(n,U.mo
,
Xe
zni
:
<br>
o
00.2)28
<br>
234.83)»|
<br>
212BX93)
me
<br>
19%.)1mel
<br>
-9Mn
<br>

65. Q.96
<br>
N
<br>
BE)98))
X)65x
l6Xi6S
<br>
Mm
<br>
XNa
<br>
235
<br>
X6-02X)03
<br>
235
<br>
(moteconcept)
<br>
X
G.02.XI8x3)6.98X1o
<br>
cleutun,heluy9
<br>
Ana-c
<br>
2o015
Bo0) ))1o0
<br>
cloteeiwn
<br>

66. Am
<br>
N
<br>
B.E.
=
<br>
2
<br>
Am
<br>
-h.0804026]
<br>
Ht
on
<br>
20)5
+2.015
-
301-le
O09
<br>
1000
<br>
Amxg3)
mev
<br>
=0O04X93)
<br>
3e2 eV
<br>
FŠOlx10x3724
DueV
<br>
2
<br>
E
<br>
5.604
A10°ev
<br>
E5.60y
X10x10x|.6x1d
<br>
.96
X16'*T
<br>

67. Q.29
<br>
Ana
<br>
6.25X)0'
<br>
þ=m
<br>
p
<br>
Etotal
<br>
]b6
<br>
nX2D
X|6°X)e6
X10
<br>
X
1o>
<br>
Reaotr
<br>
t
<br>
G)2.5XI6'3
<br>
2.5X10/
<br>
25
XI0
<br>
Aus-c)
<br>

68. DndGrade2022
<br>
Ana
<br>
u268
<br>
23
V
<br>
234
<br>
v'=
2V
<br>
Krn-|77V
<br>
OKn
<br>
TH
<br>
2E
<br>
KE
= Emv
<br>
211+
<br>
KTnmya
<br>

69. <br>
this
<br>
Eritted
<br>
Radioactivity(3Rery)
<br>
muele
<br>
emits
<br>
ohueh
<br>
phenomenon
<br>
Jrventos
<br>
Bacuzl
<br>
racleaony
<br>
Teasfaa
,
ea)
suane
<br>
those
nuoléidietrterated
<br>
Racdibactuity
<br>
,
<br>
dalsoo
<br>
aSealled
<br>
radiation
<br>
sadiaton.
<br>
Bacwnal
<br>
Tqdioqotive
<br>

70. Anoe
<br>
()o-
Pasticle
<br>
Pasticle
<br>
o)
<br>
R-0
<br>
Asefoyfafao
<br>
(Ractioactive
Racliation)
<br>
(ii)8-o0
<br>
Radfuml
<br>
Epeinet
Rathoford
<br>
(ti) fovo(Racliatiy)
<br>
Gathole
<br>
2
He
<br>
2
<br>
29]o3]2025
<br>
BoxoChlas
<br>
Radíun()
<br>

71. X
<br>
*Z
Z + 2
<br>
A
=
A'+
y
<br>
Regultnt
Nuclei
<br>
A
<br>
Y
<br>
Z-2
<br>
+
<br>
(H)
<br>

72. A
<br>
A
<br>
X
X Y
<br>
A
<br>
zl=Z
<br>
A
=
A'=O
<br>
Rautl
Nuclei
<br>
A
= A
+0
<br>
(9)
<br>
X
<br>
A=A>
<br>
A'=A
<br>
<br>
A
<br>
A
<br>
Mass
ho.
<br>
A
tomíc
No Unclanged
<br>
massno,
<br>
c
<br>
N
<br>
Unclaged
<br>

73. (8)p*
<br>
1
<br>
A
<br>
z=zl+1
<br>
zl=2-1
<br>
Y
<br>
ResultatNucei
<br>
+
<br>
A'-
A Massno,
Uhebange
<br>
()
<br>
2-1
<br>

74. )Nactwe
<br>
(Hgf)
<br>
Chage
<br>
(8T39])
<br>
(Mass)
<br>
Spee
<br>
Reactfon
<br>
(sf)
<br>
He'
faanfa
<br>
2
<br>
oaticle
<br>
Doby
<br>
He
mueleus
<br>
p
<br>
4
<br>
P
<br>
)
<br>
timesoh
<br>
1.4x10'ms
-
<br>
2.2XIo
me
<br>
Z-2
<br>
A-4
<br>
+,
He
<br>
8-60
<br>
B°
<br>
EleotDníc
<br>
1e-
<br>
equalsto1e
<br>
z
<br>
aRR
<br>
A
<br>
Y
<br>
A
-
3ufRofa
<br>
1
<br>
*,eD
<br>
aufsc
<br>
7Racliaticn
<br>
(fafazo
)
<br>
EMW)
<br>
Zer0
<br>
(3x1o°ms)
<br>
Unchaged
<br>

75. KE
<br>
Jonßzatton
<br>
(oofr)
<br>
(enetatto
<br>
capacity)
<br>
ttacd
<br>
Paticle
<br>
meY
<br>
(si )
Lineasduš
creteQntueLe
<br>
Bpatiele
<br>
faafor)
<br>
(9tboet)
<br>
mLOV
<br>
Ogtect
<br>
pasticle
<br>
Unaletteofeo
<br>

76. o1)
o4/2025
<br>
Bhseoemicsion)(tameltyet)(ursefg
5TETR
<br>
No
<br>
d-PatfcleB-Pafele
<br>
N
<br>
Weaklaclean
Force
<br>
t=0
<br>
(Rathenfesd-socthi'sauo)
<br>
NoN+N'
<br>
^particle
<br>
onthe
basis
<br>
(auli's
Ahncple)u
<br>
N
No-N'
<br>
nueleua.
<br>

77. Rateol
<br>
oadioaetivedleeoyat
<br>
directty
propos
tina)to
<br>
aetive
<br>
Loge
<br>
t=0
<br>
at
<br>
atomsat
<br>
dN
<br>
-
-ÀN
<br>
deog
<br>
cenhant
<br>
-AttC
<br>
N=No
<br>
hat
hstent
<br>
Jeg,No
<br>
N
<br>
e
<br>
No
<br>
,No-dt
<br>

78. That
<br>
becomes
<br>
Clled
<br>
No
N +
N!
<br>
N
<br>
N'No
-N
<br>
timeat
coluehno. active
atoma
<br>
-
No-Ne-dt
<br>
hay ils
<br>
2
<br>
2.
<br>
Lnutial
<br>
Yalwe
,
<br>
t
<br>

79. NOTE
<br>
n
<br>
2
<br>
t
-
2T
<br>
t3TH
<br>
t TH
N-
<br>
N=No
<br>
N=
Ne
<br>
NNo
<br>
16
<br>
(N Ne
<br>
No
<br>
(1D0%)
<br>
(s6.)
<br>
(25%)
<br>
(25),
<br>
No
<br>
2.
<br>
N No
<br>
(N
No
-N)
<br>
N'=o
<br>
N'e
<br>
N'3Ne
<br>
N!
N
<br>
(6o252)N'5
N,
<br>
)6
<br>
(502)
<br>
(45%)
<br>
(87.57)
<br>

80. That-time
<br>
fe
btective
<br>
intal
<br>
(mnife)
<br>
at
t
Da
<br>
Noe
<br>
value
<br>
ohieh
<br>
activealems
<br>
X
atthatte
<br>
Radlioactiveatm
<br>
atcouch
<br>
be
comee
<br>
aalleol
<br>
No
<br>
=No-O37o
<br>
N!6g. o6
N
<br>

81. No
<br>
Ta
<br>
fafej
<br>
fafej
<br>
T
b693
<br>
o.693
<br>
2
<br>
N-No-Ne
<br>
NENoedt
<br>

82. Activityo
Sample
<br>
Rate
f
deoay
(dkTadeqraten)¢
Radeacttre
<br>
SoLattey.
<br>
A=
<br>
NOT
E
<br>
o
<br>
AA,e-dt
<br>
uM
<br>
N=
<br>
m
<br>
dt
<br>
Mm
<br>
=AN>AN)
<br>
(Dole
Concept)
<br>

83. T
<br>
dO.693
<br>
A=
<br>
1
<br>
TH
<br>
A=AN
<br>
(Radioactive
equitbíus)
<br>
D
saclioactrveequullibitu)
<br>
Rate
<br>
a
membesequaltoate
<br>
gonenalion
preceedig
<br>

84. t0
<br>
g
<br>
No
<br>
A
<br>
dN=
<br>
d
<br>
Constat
<br>
CNetant
<br>
Censt
<br>
Cente
<br>
N
<br>
(Successivedioiteoton)
<br>
dN
<br>
d
<br>
Ni
<br>
Na
<br>
d,N,
d,
N2
<br>
<br>
Stable
<br>
d
<br>
-d,N)
dN"
<br>
d,N-daN!
<br>

85. CaseI
<br>
Case-)
<br>
(I)a
<br>
d,<<<d,
<br>
-d,N-
A,
'-d,
N
<br>
d
<<<A
<br>
dNA,
N'
<br>
B
<br>
lN
(dd,)
N
<br>
S
eoulasequillikhuy
<br>
Trasient
<br>
Cqlle
<br>

86. Panallelaetngyaton
<br>
Dndlgrradeoo18/spca(3018
<br>
TH
T n2
<br>
dy
<br>
dz
<br>
TE2303
T
<br>
dydy
1Az
<br>
en2
<br>
2
<br>
T 693
<br>

87. ScGadleo))(enwtOsez)
<br>
--R
<br>
Q.3)
<br>
Sol
<br>
2ndGracle2e3
<br>
Radfum
<br>
meen
<br>
(yE)3)
<br>
TH 2
303Logy2
<br>
TH
n
2t
<br>
).
<br>
ty =)
N
No
<br>
G.25%
<br>
|66D
<br>
Ta
<br>
TH
O
693Ta
<br>
12.52
<br>
O693
<br>
2303
ets
<br>
1G
ero
<br>
Co693
<br>
2369
<br>

88. t=b
<br>
Jctgrale9022
<br>
t-t
<br>
Ans
<br>
A
<br>
No
<br>
Radioactiveuoleut
<br>
faefe
ara
t-o
<br>
Aedt
<br>
StukloNucle
<br>
dt
<br>
A
<br>
edt
=
|3
<br>
t
<br>
lo3
<br>
Ln3
<br>
AnsB
<br>

89. 83
<br>
Ans
<br>
150hens ä)laU))13,Bi9c
<br>
SyT)9
<br>
C5)a)
<br>
n
t
<br>
T
<br>
150
<br>
THlD
h
<br>
tl56
h
<br>
32
<br>
A
<br>
2
l3
<br>
1.4X10 QoCo
<br>
Ao
<br>
(2)½
2]2
<br>

90. NOTE|
<br>
()
<br>
(
<br>
m)
<br>
A?
<br>
ag
<br>
(aci)
<br>
(1B)-
<br>
1
<br>
B-)
Xl6'o
<br>
l66
<br>
6.69
3
<br>
Ta10!9
X2x101
<br>
A386
<br>
fkareg
scc.
<br>
XID4
<br>

91. 35
<br>
TH 2o2
X
10s
<br>
TH
<br>
AX
TH
<br>
6.693
<br>
XN
<br>
)
<br>
N
<br>
=3)3X)0
<br>

92. Syecalhey
Retativi
ty
<br>
*They
Relativity
<br>
A1bet
eLetiern
proposedl
<br>
to
<br>
o
<br>
trance
moving
<br>
behaviour
objectsînrame
<br>
far|
<br>
Accodingto
<br>
Cantbeobained
<br>
theeis
<br>
intree
<br>
breepace.
<br>
relaticmvelatec
<br>
constund
veloct.
<br>
idh
constand
<br>
thie
vestrame grance
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<br>

93. Zon1915,EnsteLnexpandeclhistheery
<br>
by
conaioleringthe
presence gravit
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kietod
anethe
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sthuch
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seet
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Basehie
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quvelance
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aceoreing
to
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positit
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acceleahen,
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principle
oh
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choulobe
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toCreateitberanee
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94. unikm
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95. A
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happened
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delative
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I also
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feranee
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9)
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phenoeLen
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aith
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96. 1
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Velecity Uglt
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obsevERA
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Tc
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elatity%
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P(Xxz)
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<br>

97. Transkesmaticn
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Vc
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x'=
(x-vt)
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d
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z=Z
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1
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consjant
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Y'=Y
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zl=2
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tl=t
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t=t
<br>

98. Lngh
cordractey
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cbsevedgth
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X,
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X!-
X
Le
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X,1
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z'y
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N
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L-
L
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PoperLength
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X-X-Lo
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Lo
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99. NR
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tdCo
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t-t,
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100. (iv)
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S.T.
R
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riscEneg)
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Le
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1
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m m,
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101. OndGrreade022
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P
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D
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Bmoe
then
yp
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p
butLecthen
p
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V=Deyc
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|-V2
<br>

102. mov
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Lo
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)-o.6c
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QndGmadle2023(Sneki
<br>
b)
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O.&5
m
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2-o.16
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Þ'-
2
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5-
2
S2.3P|
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= 6.67m
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-64
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0-6m
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103. mo
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m-&m)
<br>

104. IrfanullahMehar12thBio100%(2023)
<br>
%
(
<br>
KuchamanCity
<br>
BIOUGH
<br>

105. WorldofWisdom
<br>
YOURWISDOM
<br>

106. Congratulations!
<br>
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