Modern Waves of Democracy - trends - democratic intervention

Explores how global movements shape and redefine democracy through active citizen participation and reform.

1. Democratic Intervention – Quiz Part II Jerichko Bauer L. Laroco

2. 1. Why are democracy interventions often debated? A. They sometimes undermine sovereignty B. They always succeed in reforms C. They rarely involve global politics D. They guarantee economic growth

3. 2. What makes democracy resilient, according to Robert Alan Silverstein? A. Citizens can improve it over time B. Leaders prevent corruption alone C. Laws never change once written D. International aid ensures stability

4. 3. Which separates substantive from procedural democracy? A. Substantive values freedoms and equity B. Procedural stresses elections and rules C. Substantive avoids formal institutions D. Procedural rejects citizen participation

5. 4. Why can sanctions harm citizens more than leaders? A. They target daily needs B. They only affect elites C. They replace elections quickly D. They guarantee fair courts

6. 5. Which reflects diplomatic pressure? A. Foreign states urging free elections B. NGOs teaching civic education C. Citizens demanding higher wages D. Soldiers removing leaders by force

7. 6. U.S. travel bans on abusive officials represent: A. Military intervention B. Election monitoring C. Targeted diplomatic pressure D. Broad trade embargoes

8. 7. What threatens community association in democracies? A. Volunteering in local projects B. Urban pressures breaking social ties C. Political parties forming coalitions D. Independent courts limiting power

9. 8. Which example fits process-oriented democracy? A. New voter registration rules B. Social movements reshaping debate C. Constitutional limits on leaders D. Welfare programs for the poor

10. 9. Why invite election monitors? A. To build trust in results B. To lower voter turnout C. To stop international trade D. To avoid civil organizations

11. 10. What danger lies in nation-building? A. Imposing systems unsuited locally B. Avoiding conflicts entirely C. Guaranteeing quick prosperity D. Strengthening sovereignty fully

12. 11. The principle of democracy that ensures everyone, even leaders, is subject to the same legal framework. Rule of Law Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Democracy vs. Stability International Criminal Court (ICC) Majority Rule with Minority Rights Marshall Plan Switzerland Diplomatic Pressure Military Intervention Diplomatic Pressure Effectiveness and Backlash Freedom and Human Rights Nation-Building and Peacekeeping Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Military and Security Assistance Cyber and Information Warfare Election Monitoring

13. 12. In democracy, decisions are made by the majority, but the protections of minority groups remain. Rule of Law Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Democracy vs. Stability International Criminal Court (ICC) Majority Rule with Minority Rights Marshall Plan Switzerland Diplomatic Pressure Military Intervention Diplomatic Pressure Effectiveness and Backlash Freedom and Human Rights Nation-Building and Peacekeeping Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Military and Security Assistance Cyber and Information Warfare Election Monitoring

14. 13. A European country known for blending representative democracy with strong direct democracy through referendums. Rule of Law Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Democracy vs. Stability International Criminal Court (ICC) Majority Rule with Minority Rights Marshall Plan Switzerland Diplomatic Pressure Military Intervention Diplomatic Pressure Effectiveness and Backlash Freedom and Human Rights Nation-Building and Peacekeeping Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Military and Security Assistance Cyber and Information Warfare Election Monitoring

15. 14. Using negotiations, dialogue, or sanctions to pressure for reforms without military force. Rule of Law Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Democracy vs. Stability International Criminal Court (ICC) Majority Rule with Minority Rights Marshall Plan Switzerland Diplomatic Pressure Military Intervention Diplomatic Pressure Effectiveness and Backlash Freedom and Human Rights Nation-Building and Peacekeeping Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Military and Security Assistance Cyber and Information Warfare Election Monitoring

16. 15. U.S. initiative after World War II that rebuilt Europe’s economies while promoting democratic institutions. Rule of Law Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Democracy vs. Stability International Criminal Court (ICC) Majority Rule with Minority Rights Marshall Plan Switzerland Diplomatic Pressure Military Intervention Diplomatic Pressure Effectiveness and Backlash Freedom and Human Rights Nation-Building and Peacekeeping Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Military and Security Assistance Cyber and Information Warfare Election Monitoring

17. 16. The use of financial restrictions, trade suspensions, or bans to pressure governments toward democratic reform. Rule of Law Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Democracy vs. Stability International Criminal Court (ICC) Majority Rule with Minority Rights Marshall Plan Switzerland Diplomatic Pressure Military Intervention Diplomatic Pressure Effectiveness and Backlash Freedom and Human Rights Nation-Building and Peacekeeping Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Military and Security Assistance Cyber and Information Warfare Election Monitoring

18. 17. The U.S. and EU’s response to Myanmar’s military junta after the 2021 coup. Rule of Law Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Democracy vs. Stability International Criminal Court (ICC) Majority Rule with Minority Rights Marshall Plan Switzerland Diplomatic Pressure Military Intervention Diplomatic Pressure Effectiveness and Backlash Freedom and Human Rights Nation-Building and Peacekeeping Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Military and Security Assistance Cyber and Information Warfare Election Monitoring

19. 18. Providing support to independent media, grassroots movements, and NGOs abroad. Rule of Law Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Democracy vs. Stability International Criminal Court (ICC) Majority Rule with Minority Rights Marshall Plan Switzerland Diplomatic Pressure Military Intervention Diplomatic Pressure Effectiveness and Backlash Freedom and Human Rights Nation-Building and Peacekeeping Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Military and Security Assistance Cyber and Information Warfare Election Monitoring

20. 19. The 2003 invasion of Iraq by the U.S. and allies, often justified as promoting democracy. Rule of Law Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Democracy vs. Stability International Criminal Court (ICC) Majority Rule with Minority Rights Marshall Plan Switzerland Diplomatic Pressure Military Intervention Diplomatic Pressure Effectiveness and Backlash Freedom and Human Rights Nation-Building and Peacekeeping Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Military and Security Assistance Cyber and Information Warfare Election Monitoring

21. 20. Sending observers to monitor electoral processes to ensure fairness and transparency. Rule of Law Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Democracy vs. Stability International Criminal Court (ICC) Majority Rule with Minority Rights Marshall Plan Switzerland Diplomatic Pressure Military Intervention Diplomatic Pressure Effectiveness and Backlash Freedom and Human Rights Nation-Building and Peacekeeping Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Military and Security Assistance Cyber and Information Warfare Election Monitoring

22. 21. The alleged Russian interference in the 2016 U.S. presidential elections. Rule of Law Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Democracy vs. Stability International Criminal Court (ICC) Majority Rule with Minority Rights Marshall Plan Switzerland Diplomatic Pressure Military Intervention Diplomatic Pressure Effectiveness and Backlash Freedom and Human Rights Nation-Building and Peacekeeping Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Military and Security Assistance Cyber and Information Warfare Election Monitoring

23. 22. The shift of U.S. policy from supporting Marcos during Martial Law to pressuring for reforms in the 1980s. Rule of Law Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Democracy vs. Stability International Criminal Court (ICC) Majority Rule with Minority Rights Marshall Plan Switzerland Diplomatic Pressure Military Intervention Diplomatic Pressure Effectiveness and Backlash Freedom and Human Rights Nation-Building and Peacekeeping Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Military and Security Assistance Cyber and Information Warfare Election Monitoring

24. 23. The European Union threatening to suspend GSP+ trade benefits for the Philippines over human rights issues. Rule of Law Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Democracy vs. Stability International Criminal Court (ICC) Majority Rule with Minority Rights Marshall Plan Switzerland Diplomatic Pressure Military Intervention Diplomatic Pressure Effectiveness and Backlash Freedom and Human Rights Nation-Building and Peacekeeping Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Military and Security Assistance Cyber and Information Warfare Election Monitoring

25. 24. The joint U.S.-Philippine Balikatan military exercises that indirectly sustain democratic stability. Rule of Law Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Democracy vs. Stability International Criminal Court (ICC) Majority Rule with Minority Rights Marshall Plan Switzerland Diplomatic Pressure Military Intervention Diplomatic Pressure Effectiveness and Backlash Freedom and Human Rights Nation-Building and Peacekeeping Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Military and Security Assistance Cyber and Information Warfare Election Monitoring

26. 25. The international court that investigated possible crimes against humanity during Duterte’s war on drugs. Rule of Law Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Democracy vs. Stability International Criminal Court (ICC) Majority Rule with Minority Rights Marshall Plan Switzerland Diplomatic Pressure Military Intervention Diplomatic Pressure Effectiveness and Backlash Freedom and Human Rights Nation-Building and Peacekeeping Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Military and Security Assistance Cyber and Information Warfare Election Monitoring

27. 26. The UN’s role in rebuilding governance institutions in Kosovo after the 1999 war. Rule of Law Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Democracy vs. Stability International Criminal Court (ICC) Majority Rule with Minority Rights Marshall Plan Switzerland Diplomatic Pressure Military Intervention Diplomatic Pressure Effectiveness and Backlash Freedom and Human Rights Nation-Building and Peacekeeping Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Military and Security Assistance Cyber and Information Warfare Election Monitoring

28. 27. International support for democratic transition in the Philippines after the 1986 People Power Revolution. Rule of Law Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Democracy vs. Stability International Criminal Court (ICC) Majority Rule with Minority Rights Marshall Plan Switzerland Diplomatic Pressure Military Intervention Diplomatic Pressure Effectiveness and Backlash Freedom and Human Rights Nation-Building and Peacekeeping Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Military and Security Assistance Cyber and Information Warfare Election Monitoring

29. 28. The challenge highlighted by the Arab Spring, where democracy movements sometimes led to instability. Rule of Law Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Democracy vs. Stability International Criminal Court (ICC) Majority Rule with Minority Rights Marshall Plan Switzerland Diplomatic Pressure Military Intervention Diplomatic Pressure Effectiveness and Backlash Freedom and Human Rights Nation-Building and Peacekeeping Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Military and Security Assistance Cyber and Information Warfare Election Monitoring

30. 29. A major difficulty in interventions where imposed reforms are resisted as foreign interference. Rule of Law Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Democracy vs. Stability International Criminal Court (ICC) Majority Rule with Minority Rights Marshall Plan Switzerland Diplomatic Pressure Military Intervention Diplomatic Pressure Effectiveness and Backlash Freedom and Human Rights Nation-Building and Peacekeeping Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Military and Security Assistance Cyber and Information Warfare Election Monitoring

31. 30. The democratic principle that guarantees freedoms such as speech, assembly, and religion. Rule of Law Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Democracy vs. Stability International Criminal Court (ICC) Majority Rule with Minority Rights Marshall Plan Switzerland Diplomatic Pressure Military Intervention Diplomatic Pressure Effectiveness and Backlash Freedom and Human Rights Nation-Building and Peacekeeping Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Military and Security Assistance Cyber and Information Warfare Election Monitoring

32. ANSWERS…

33. 1. Why are democracy interventions often debated? A. They sometimes undermine sovereignty B. They always succeed in reforms C. They rarely involve global politics D. They guarantee economic growth

34. 2. What makes democracy resilient, according to Robert Alan Silverstein? A. Citizens can improve it over time B. Leaders prevent corruption alone C. Laws never change once written D. International aid ensures stability

35. 3. Which separates substantive from procedural democracy? A. Substantive values freedoms and equity B. Procedural stresses elections and rules C. Substantive avoids formal institutions D. Procedural rejects citizen participation

36. 4. Why can sanctions harm citizens more than leaders? A. They target daily needs B. They only affect elites C. They replace elections quickly D. They guarantee fair courts

37. 5. Which reflects diplomatic pressure? A. Foreign states urging free elections B. NGOs teaching civic education C. Citizens demanding higher wages D. Soldiers removing leaders by force

38. 6. U.S. travel bans on abusive officials represent: A. Military intervention B. Election monitoring C. Targeted diplomatic pressure D. Broad trade embargoes

39. 7. What threatens community association in democracies? A. Volunteering in local projects B. Urban pressures breaking social ties C. Political parties forming coalitions D. Independent courts limiting power

40. 8. Which example fits process-oriented democracy? A. New voter registration rules B. Social movements reshaping debate C. Constitutional limits on leaders D. Welfare programs for the poor

41. 9. Why invite election monitors? A. To build trust in results B. To lower voter turnout C. To stop international trade D. To avoid civil organizations

42. 10. What danger lies in nation-building? A. Imposing systems unsuited locally B. Avoiding conflicts entirely C. Guaranteeing quick prosperity D. Strengthening sovereignty fully

43. 11. The principle of democracy that ensures everyone, even leaders, is subject to the same legal framework. Rule of Law Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Democracy vs. Stability International Criminal Court (ICC) Majority Rule with Minority Rights Marshall Plan Switzerland Diplomatic Pressure Military Intervention Diplomatic Pressure Effectiveness and Backlash Freedom and Human Rights Nation-Building and Peacekeeping Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Military and Security Assistance Cyber and Information Warfare Election Monitoring

44. 12. In democracy, decisions are made by the majority, but the protections of minority groups remain. Rule of Law Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Democracy vs. Stability International Criminal Court (ICC) Majority Rule with Minority Rights Marshall Plan Switzerland Diplomatic Pressure Military Intervention Diplomatic Pressure Effectiveness and Backlash Freedom and Human Rights Nation-Building and Peacekeeping Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Military and Security Assistance Cyber and Information Warfare Election Monitoring

45. 13. A European country known for blending representative democracy with strong direct democracy through referendums. Rule of Law Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Democracy vs. Stability International Criminal Court (ICC) Majority Rule with Minority Rights Marshall Plan Switzerland Diplomatic Pressure Military Intervention Diplomatic Pressure Effectiveness and Backlash Freedom and Human Rights Nation-Building and Peacekeeping Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Military and Security Assistance Cyber and Information Warfare Election Monitoring

46. 14. Using negotiations, dialogue, or sanctions to pressure for reforms without military force. Rule of Law Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Democracy vs. Stability International Criminal Court (ICC) Majority Rule with Minority Rights Marshall Plan Switzerland Diplomatic Pressure Military Intervention Diplomatic Pressure Effectiveness and Backlash Freedom and Human Rights Nation-Building and Peacekeeping Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Military and Security Assistance Cyber and Information Warfare Election Monitoring

47. 15. U.S. initiative after World War II that rebuilt Europe’s economies while promoting democratic institutions. Rule of Law Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Democracy vs. Stability International Criminal Court (ICC) Majority Rule with Minority Rights Marshall Plan Switzerland Diplomatic Pressure Military Intervention Diplomatic Pressure Effectiveness and Backlash Freedom and Human Rights Nation-Building and Peacekeeping Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Military and Security Assistance Cyber and Information Warfare Election Monitoring

48. 16. The use of financial restrictions, trade suspensions, or bans to pressure governments toward democratic reform. Rule of Law Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Democracy vs. Stability International Criminal Court (ICC) Majority Rule with Minority Rights Marshall Plan Switzerland Diplomatic Pressure Military Intervention Diplomatic Pressure Effectiveness and Backlash Freedom and Human Rights Nation-Building and Peacekeeping Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Military and Security Assistance Cyber and Information Warfare Election Monitoring

49. 17. The U.S. and EU’s response to Myanmar’s military junta after the 2021 coup. Rule of Law Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Democracy vs. Stability International Criminal Court (ICC) Majority Rule with Minority Rights Marshall Plan Switzerland Diplomatic Pressure Military Intervention Diplomatic Pressure Effectiveness and Backlash Freedom and Human Rights Nation-Building and Peacekeeping Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Military and Security Assistance Cyber and Information Warfare Election Monitoring

50. 18. Providing support to independent media, grassroots movements, and NGOs abroad. Rule of Law Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Democracy vs. Stability International Criminal Court (ICC) Majority Rule with Minority Rights Marshall Plan Switzerland Diplomatic Pressure Military Intervention Diplomatic Pressure Effectiveness and Backlash Freedom and Human Rights Nation-Building and Peacekeeping Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Military and Security Assistance Cyber and Information Warfare Election Monitoring

51. 19. The 2003 invasion of Iraq by the U.S. and allies, often justified as promoting democracy. Rule of Law Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Democracy vs. Stability International Criminal Court (ICC) Majority Rule with Minority Rights Marshall Plan Switzerland Diplomatic Pressure Military Intervention Diplomatic Pressure Effectiveness and Backlash Freedom and Human Rights Nation-Building and Peacekeeping Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Military and Security Assistance Cyber and Information Warfare Election Monitoring

52. 20. Sending observers to monitor electoral processes to ensure fairness and transparency. Rule of Law Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Democracy vs. Stability International Criminal Court (ICC) Majority Rule with Minority Rights Marshall Plan Switzerland Diplomatic Pressure Military Intervention Diplomatic Pressure Effectiveness and Backlash Freedom and Human Rights Nation-Building and Peacekeeping Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Military and Security Assistance Cyber and Information Warfare Election Monitoring

53. 21. The alleged Russian interference in the 2016 U.S. presidential elections. Rule of Law Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Democracy vs. Stability International Criminal Court (ICC) Majority Rule with Minority Rights Marshall Plan Switzerland Diplomatic Pressure Military Intervention Diplomatic Pressure Effectiveness and Backlash Freedom and Human Rights Nation-Building and Peacekeeping Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Military and Security Assistance Cyber and Information Warfare Election Monitoring

54. 22. The shift of U.S. policy from supporting Marcos during Martial Law to pressuring for reforms in the 1980s. Rule of Law Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Democracy vs. Stability International Criminal Court (ICC) Majority Rule with Minority Rights Marshall Plan Switzerland Diplomatic Pressure Military Intervention Diplomatic Pressure Effectiveness and Backlash Freedom and Human Rights Nation-Building and Peacekeeping Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Military and Security Assistance Cyber and Information Warfare Election Monitoring

55. 23. The European Union threatening to suspend GSP+ trade benefits for the Philippines over human rights issues. Rule of Law Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Democracy vs. Stability International Criminal Court (ICC) Majority Rule with Minority Rights Marshall Plan Switzerland Diplomatic Pressure Military Intervention Diplomatic Pressure Effectiveness and Backlash Freedom and Human Rights Nation-Building and Peacekeeping Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Military and Security Assistance Cyber and Information Warfare Election Monitoring

56. 24. The joint U.S.-Philippine Balikatan military exercises that indirectly sustain democratic stability. Rule of Law Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Democracy vs. Stability International Criminal Court (ICC) Majority Rule with Minority Rights Marshall Plan Switzerland Diplomatic Pressure Military Intervention Diplomatic Pressure Effectiveness and Backlash Freedom and Human Rights Nation-Building and Peacekeeping Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Military and Security Assistance Cyber and Information Warfare Election Monitoring

57. 25. The international court that investigated possible crimes against humanity during Duterte’s war on drugs. Rule of Law Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Democracy vs. Stability International Criminal Court (ICC) Majority Rule with Minority Rights Marshall Plan Switzerland Diplomatic Pressure Military Intervention Diplomatic Pressure Effectiveness and Backlash Freedom and Human Rights Nation-Building and Peacekeeping Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Military and Security Assistance Cyber and Information Warfare Election Monitoring

58. 26. The UN’s role in rebuilding governance institutions in Kosovo after the 1999 war. Rule of Law Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Democracy vs. Stability International Criminal Court (ICC) Majority Rule with Minority Rights Marshall Plan Switzerland Diplomatic Pressure Military Intervention Diplomatic Pressure Effectiveness and Backlash Freedom and Human Rights Nation-Building and Peacekeeping Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Military and Security Assistance Cyber and Information Warfare Election Monitoring

59. 27. International support for democratic transition in the Philippines after the 1986 People Power Revolution. Rule of Law Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Democracy vs. Stability International Criminal Court (ICC) Majority Rule with Minority Rights Marshall Plan Switzerland Diplomatic Pressure Military Intervention Diplomatic Pressure Effectiveness and Backlash Freedom and Human Rights Nation-Building and Peacekeeping Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Military and Security Assistance Cyber and Information Warfare Election Monitoring

60. 28. The challenge highlighted by the Arab Spring, where democracy movements sometimes led to instability. Rule of Law Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Democracy vs. Stability International Criminal Court (ICC) Majority Rule with Minority Rights Marshall Plan Switzerland Diplomatic Pressure Military Intervention Diplomatic Pressure Effectiveness and Backlash Freedom and Human Rights Nation-Building and Peacekeeping Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Military and Security Assistance Cyber and Information Warfare Election Monitoring

61. 29. A major difficulty in interventions where imposed reforms are resisted as foreign interference. Rule of Law Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Democracy vs. Stability International Criminal Court (ICC) Majority Rule with Minority Rights Marshall Plan Switzerland Diplomatic Pressure Military Intervention Diplomatic Pressure Effectiveness and Backlash Freedom and Human Rights Nation-Building and Peacekeeping Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Military and Security Assistance Cyber and Information Warfare Election Monitoring

62. 30. The democratic principle that guarantees freedoms such as speech, assembly, and religion. Rule of Law Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Democracy vs. Stability International Criminal Court (ICC) Majority Rule with Minority Rights Marshall Plan Switzerland Diplomatic Pressure Military Intervention Diplomatic Pressure Effectiveness and Backlash Freedom and Human Rights Nation-Building and Peacekeeping Support for Civil Society Economic Sanctions Military and Security Assistance Cyber and Information Warfare Election Monitoring