MODUL KIAR 2023 - 3 CORRUPTION DESPISED, DIGNITY IS BUILT.pptx

KIAR SLIDES

1. INTEGRITY & ANTI- CORRUPTION COURSE KIAR Kementerian Pendidikan Tinggi 2.0 Building a Generation with Dignity, Integrity and Corruption Free ” “

2. CORRUPTION IS DESPISED, DIGNITY IS BUILT 3 Module

3. Definition of CORRUPTION Various definitions are given by international organisations

4. “ Misuse of public power, office or authority for private benefit - through bribery, extortion, influence-peddling, nepotism, fraud, speed money or embezzlement. ”

5. “ The abuse of public office for private gain. ”

6. “Misuse of entrusted power for private gain. It hurts everyone who depends on the integrity of people in a position of authority.”

7. Bribery - offering, promising, giving, accepting or soliciting of an advantage as an inducement for an action which is illegal, unethical or a breach of trust.  Active bribery - an employee of the company offers, promises or gives an advantage. Passive bribery - an employee requests, agrees to receive or accepts an advantage. 

8. “Corrupt means doing an act knowing that the act done is wrong, doing so with evil intention... purposely doing an act which the law forbids’. Corrupt is a question of intention. If the circumstances show that what a person has done or has omitted to do was moved by an evil intention or a guilty mind, then he is liable under the section.” Judge YA Raja Azlan Shah in the case of PP v Dato Harun bin Idris (1997)

9. The acceptance or giving of bribes (bribery) is intended for a person to do something related to his official duties. C ORRUPTION

10. Bribe giver 2. Bribe recipient 3. Corruption - in various forms 4. Kickbacks- the purpose of the bribe given or received 5. Mens rea - malicious intent. The most important and most difficult element to prove in a corruption case investigation ELEMENTS OF C ORRUPTION

11. A father giving his son RM50 to go to school is not a corruption offence according to the law. This is because there is no ' mens rea' or malicious intent in the gift. EXAMPLE

12. In Malaysia, corruption is also known by the following names

13. NAME OF CORRUPTION OVERSEAS 'Sleaze' (UK) Dishonest and immoral acts especially by civil servants. 'Les Affaires' (French) Illegal transactions in business. '419' (Nigeria) The number 419 is refers to the legal provisions for the crime of 'fraud' in the Nigerian Criminal Code. 'Air Supply' (Uganda) Payments made even though goods are not supplied or services are not provided. 'Black Mist' (Japan) Refers to the match-fixing scandal in Japan's professional baseball league that occurred between 1969 and 1971. 'Tangentopoli' (Italy) Acts of corruption in the Italian political system that were uncovered around the 90s.

14. NAME OF CORRUPTION OVERSEAS Than Wu' (China) Than' means greedy and 'Wu' means impurity. 'Char Chien' (Mandarin) Tea money. ' Zowai ', ' Wairo ' or ' Suwai ' (Japan) Giving money for the purpose of doing prohibited things. 'Lui's Coffee' ( Hokkien ) Coffee money . ' Pungli ' (Indonesian) A combination of the words 'collection' and 'wild'.

15. Money Bonus Services Wages Position Discount Gift

16. C orruption is not social problems Corruption is a serious CRIME !

17. The Roman Empire, the Ottoman Empire and the Ming Dynasty collapsed. The fall of the Malay Sultanate of Malacca due to the occurrence of corruption among the king and his officials. The Nationalist Governments of Chiang Kai-Shek (China), Richard Nixon (America), Marcos (Philippines) and President Mobuto (Zaire) fell. Because of C ORRUPTION

18. Total world losses every year due to corruption USD2.6 trillion

19. (USD 150 million) per unit (USD 500 million) per unit

20. Every year, an estimated USD 1 trillion in bribes are paid for various purposes.

21. "Symptoms of corruption and abuse of power among civil servants have been found to be serious over the past 10 years and are feared to continue to increase if not curbed immediately." Datuk Seri Azam Baki Deputy Chief Commissioner (Operations) March 8, 2017 CORRUPTION in public service?

22. Between 2005 to 2014, MALAYSIA lost RM1.8 TRILLION through illegal financial flows, some of which stem from CORRUPTION . Source: Global Financial Integrity Report 2017

23. YEAR POSITION SCORE 2022 Ranked 61 out of 180 countries 47% 2021 Ranked 62 out of 180 countries 48% 2020 Ranked 57 out of 180 countries 51% 2019 Ranked 51 out of 180 countries 53% 2018 Ranked 61 out of 180 countries 47% 2017 Ranked 62 out of 180 countries 47% 2016 Ranked 55 out of 180 countries 49% 2015 Ranked 54 out of 180 countries 50% 2014 Ranked 50 out of 180 countries 52% "The government's target is for Malaysia's CPI to rank in the top 25.“ The Prime Minister, YAB Datuk Seri Anwar Ibrahim during the MADANI: Empowering People Economy Launch Ceremony on 27 July 2023. The corruption situation in Malaysia is based on CORRUPTION PERCEPTION INDEX (CPI)

24. Corruption… all can get trapped

25. No integrity Trait – likes to be celebrated Trait - want to profit easily Organisational culture in giving gifts Evil collusion between officials and contractors Contractor tactics - establishing good relations with certain officials Contractor tactics - start with a small party or gift The contractor's tactic – hidden agenda Tested with bribes repeatedly Successfully reject corruption, but n ot indefinitely. Why can individuals get caught up in corruption and misuse of power

26. CORRUPTER’S MINDSET Reasons for an individual to commit corruption Understanding

27. CORRUPTER’S MINDSET Frustration syndrome Leadership by example Ambitious and greedy Why do I take bribes? A victim of situation and fear of being ostracised For survival The ‘one can get away with murder' mindset

28. WHY DO I TAKE BRIBES ? If I don't take it, someone else will. In today's modern world, I find it hard to refuse. Today, I can refuse, but tomorrow, not necessarily yet. After all, I didn't ask. They want to give. COR R UPTER’S MINDSET.

29. HIGH AMBITION AND GREED I want to be rich like the officer before. If h e can be rich, why can’t I ? Opportunity only comes once. COR R UPTER’S MINDSET.

30. VICTIM OF SITUATION AND FEAR OF BEING OSTRACISED . If I don't take the bribe, my colleagues will shun me. I don't want to be os tracised . So, to make life easier, I had to accept it. COR R UPTER’S MINDSET.

31. LEADERSHIP BY EXAMPLE The boss takes bribes . I also want to do the same. If he is corrupt , why do I want to be a good person at all? COR R UPTER’S MINDSET.

32. ' GET AWAY WITH MURDER ' MINDSET I have taken bribes once or twice before and got away with it . So far, everything is fine. Dare to do it, dare to bear the consequences. If I get caught, I will expose all the evil activities in this Department. COR R UPTER’S MINDSET.

33. FRUSTRATION SYNDROME That’s not fair for me. I work hard. But, when it comes to APC, he’s the one who gets it. He's lazy , and he’s a slacker . If I work hard and with honesty , nobody notices. Honest work does not make you rich. COR R UPTER’S MINDSET.

34. FOR SURVIVAL In today's world, it's hard to get a project if you don’t hold out your hand. Low-paying government jobs. If you li ve in the city , i t’s hard to live without extra income . COR R UPTER’S MINDSET.

35. CLOSING Corruption has very bad consequences for individuals, families, communities, economies, and countries. Corruption does not only involve giving and receiving bribes. 4 corruption offences according to MACC Act 2009.

36. ACTIVITY