Module-1.4-Globalization-2.0.pdf Module-1.4-Globalization-2.0.pdf

Module-1.4-Globalization-2.0.pdf

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Globalization 2.0
RON GORBY T. RESUELLO

2. “Globalization”
Its origin

3. o1897, Charles Russell made an early description of
Globalization. He refers it to the largely national trusts and
large enterprises during the time.
o1930, the word “globalize” appeared in a publication “Towards
New Education” where it denoted a holistic view of human
experience in education.

4. o1970, the world “globalization” was first used.
o1981, the term “globalization” had been used in its economic
perspective. Theodore Levitt introduced the word in his business
discourses and its popularity increased.
o2000, The IMF categorized “globalization” into four basic aspects:
o1. Trade and transaction
o2. Capital and investment movements
o3. Migration of Knowledge
o4. Dissemination.

5. Parameters of Globalization

6. ManfredSteger,professorofGlobalStudiesat
theUniversityofHawaiiatManoaarguesthat
globalizationhasfourmaindimensions:
Economic
Political
Cultural
Ecological
withideologicalaspectsofeach
category.
Dimensions of Globalization

7. Economic globalization is the
intensification and stretching of
economic interrelations around the globe.
It encompasses such things as the
emergence of a new global economic
order, the internationalization of trade
and finance, the changing power of
transnational corporations, and the
enhanced role of international economic
institutions.
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8. Political globalization is the intensification
and expansion of political interrelations
around the globe. Aspects of political
globalization include the modern-nation
state system and its changing place in
today’s world, the role of global
governance, and the direction of our global
political systems.
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9. Military globalization, as subdomain of
political globalization, is defined as the
intensification and stretching of military
power across the globe through various
means of military power. This form of
globalization occurs across offensive and
defensive uses of power and survival in
international field.
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10. Cultural globalization is the
intensification and expansion of cultural
flows across the globe. Culture is a very
broad concept and has many facets, but in
the discussion on globalization, Steger
means it to refer to “the symbolic
construction, articulation, and
dissemination of meaning.”
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11. Ecological globalization include
population growth, access to food,
worldwide reduction in biodiversity, the
gap between rich and poor as well as
between the global North and global
South, human-induced climate change,
and global environmental degradation.
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12. Globalization Theories
The perception of globalisation largely depends on the personal stance
and greatly determines how the phenomenon is defined. Waks(2003)
develops the argument that commentators can be grouped according to
their position for and against globalization. However, the division is far
more complicated as even among the proponents of globalization there
is a variety of opinions in terms of evaluation. Still three main stances
can be distinguished theorising globalisation (Held et al., 1999).

13. The Hyperglobalist Approach
•Presents the stance in the globalization
theory which claims that the world has
entered a 'truly global age' legalising the
dominance of 'global capitalism' (Tikly,
2001).
•The logic of hyperglobaliststance is
underpinned by 'neo-liberal agenda' (Held,
2004) which views globalization 'in terms of
open market' (Waks, 2003).

14. The Sceptical Approach
•Questions the effectiveness of trading blocs
and views the issue through historic
perspective (Tikly, 2001).
•Sceptics do not perceive globalization as a
novelty and do not observe any global
changes. The world is just the same.

15. The Transformational Approach
•Represents intermediary, more balanced stance
towards globalization. They do agree with the
hyperglobalistsabout an intensification of
'global interconnectedness' and recognize the all-
pervasive nature of globalisation process (Tikly,
2001). However, they doubt the novelty of the
phenomenon and view it as 'an historically
contingent process replete with contradictions'
(Tikly, 2001).

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