Module 1-characteristics-of-earth-that-are-necessary-to-support-life-presentation

Earth Science: Characteristics of Earth that are necessary to support life

1. Earth Science 11 Darwin G. Valdez Subject Teacher

2. What is Earth Science? This learning area is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, the processes that occur beneath and on the Earth’s surface, as well as issues, concerns, and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study of biology

3. 1 02 Four subsystems of Earth 03 Characteristics of Earth that are necessary to support life Learning Competencies: Rock-forming minerals (S11ES-Ia-b-3) (S11ES-Ib-4) (S11ES-Ib-5)

4. “ We do not inherit the Earth from our ancestors; we borrow it from our children .” -American Indian proverb

5. Characteristics of Earth necessary to support life 01 4 Pics 1 Word C L U T I E F

6. What are the unique characteristics of Earth that allow the existence of Life? Liquid Water Heat Source Atmosphere Energy Right Distance from Sun Strong Magnetic Field Nutrients It is protected by the plate tectonics from the very hot temperature of the core

7. Liquid Water H20 This matter dissolves and transports materials in and out of the cell. Only Earth has the right chemical materials like liquid water that could support life. Water makes up about 71% of the Earth’s surface, while the other 29% consists of continents and islands “Universal Solvent” https://onewater.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/iStock-490824286-1.jpg

8. The heat that drives the different systems necessary to support life on Earth comes from two sources: Internal Heating of the Earth and External Heating from the Sun . Heat Source Internal Heat coming from Earth is caused by radiogenic heat from radioactive decay of materials in the core and mantle, and extruded via active tectonic activities, such as volcanism and plate movement External Heat provide by the sun is in the form of radiation which enters Earth. As sunlight strikes Earth, some of the heat is trapped by a layer of gasses called Atmosphere. 238 U 235 U 232 Th 40 K

9. Atmosphere The atmosphere of Earth is composed of  nitrogen (about 78%) ,  oxygen (about 21%) ,  argon (about 0.9%) ,  carbon dioxide (0.04%) and other gases in trace amounts. Without the greenhouse effect, Earth would be frozen, more than 60º F colder. As mentioned above, the atmosphere is capable of trapping heat because of greenhouse gases. Examples of greenhouse gases are water vapor , methane , and carbon dioxide .

10. TROPOSPHERE The troposphere is the lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere and site of all weather on Earth. It is bonded on the top by a layer of air called the tropopause , which separates the troposphere from the stratosphere, and on bottom by the surface of the Earth. STRATOSPHERE The stratosphere is a layer of Earth's atmosphere. It is the second layer of the atmosphere as you go upward. The troposphere, the lowest layer, is right below the stratosphere. The next higher layer above the stratosphere is the mesosphere. MESOSPHERE The mesosphere is a layer of Earth's atmosphere. The mesosphere is directly above the stratosphere and below the thermosphere. It extends from about 50 to 85 km (31 to 53 miles) above our planet. Temperature decreases with height throughout the mesosphere.

11. THERMOSPHERE The thermosphere is the layer in the Earth's atmosphere directly above the mesosphere and below the exosphere. Within this layer of the atmosphere, ultraviolet radiation causes photoionization/photodissociation of molecules, creating ions; the thermosphere thus constitutes the larger part of the ionosphere. EXOSPHERE The exosphere is the uppermost region of Earth's atmosphere as it gradually fades into the vacuum of space. Air in the exosphere is extremely thin - in many ways it is almost the same as the airless void of outer space.

12. Energy Living things use light or chemical energy to run essential life processes. With the availability of sufficient energy, organisms can perform different metabolic reactions through the cells. The inner planets such as Earth, get too much sunlight for life. The outer planets get too little . Photosynthesis The Earth orbits in the so-called Goldilocks zone , where the planet receives enough energy to allow water to exist as a liquid on its surface. Too far, and the water would freeze. Too close, and the water would rapidly evaporate into the atmosphere.

13. Strong Magnetic Field It shields us from the electromagnetic radiation coming from the Sun. The magnetic field deflects the radiation that may destroy the ozone layer. Earth's magnetic field  (and the  surface magnetic field ) is approximately a magnetic dipole, with the magnetic field S pole near the Earth's geographic north pole and the other magnetic field N pole near the Earth's geographic south pole.

14. Nutrients These are materials that build and maintain an organism’s body. The inner planets including Earth and moons have the same general chemical components which makes nutrients easily available in the environment. There are various biogeochemical cycles and geologic processes that facilitate the transport and replenishment of the chemicals and nutrients required by the biotic factors. Examples include water cycle and volcanism . The presence of volcanoes, cycle of water and atmosphere, contribute to the flow of nutrients within earth’s systems.

15. Tectonic Plates The earth’s core causes the convection currents in the mantle causing the overlaying lithosphere to move. However, the surface is protected from heat from the core by the lithospheric plates. A tectonic plate (also called lithospheric plate) is a massive, irregularly shaped slab of solid rock, generally composed of both continental and oceanic lithosphere. Plate size can vary greatly, from a few hundred to thousands of kilometers across; the Pacific and Antarctic Plates are among the largest.

16. Summary Factors that make a Planet Habitable Just Right Situation in the Solar System Temperature Influences how quickly atoms and molecules move. Life seems to be limited to a temperature range of -15 C to 115 C. In this range, liquid water can still exist under certain conditions. Surface: Only the Earth’s surface is in this temperature range. Sub-surface: the interior of the solid planets and moons may be in this temperature range. Water Dissolves and transports chemicals within and to from a cell Water is regularly available. Life can go dormant between wet periods, but, eventually, water needs to be available. Surface: Only Earth’s surface has water, though Mars once had surface water and still has water ice in its polar ice caps. Saturn’s moon, Titan, seems to be covered with liquid methane. Sub-surface: Mars and some moons have deposits of underground ice, which might melt to produce water. Europa, has a vast ocean beneath its outer shell in ice.

17. Atmosphere Traps heat, shield the surface from harmful radiation, and provide chemicals needed for life, such as nitrogen and carbon dioxide. Earth & Venus are the right size to hold a sufficient-sized atmosphere. Earth’s atmosphere is about 100 miles thick. It keeps the surface warm & protects it from radiation & small- to medium sized meteorites. Of the solid planets and Moons, only Earth, Venus, & Titan have significant atmospheres. Mars’ atmosphere is about 1/100th that of Earth’s, too small for significant insulation or shielding. Energy Organisms use light or chemical energy to run their life processes. With a steady input of either light or chemical energy, cells can run the chemical reactions necessary for life. Surface: The inner planets get too much sunlight for life. The outer planets get too little. Sub-surface: Most solid planets & moons have energy-rich chemicals. Nutrients Used to build and maintain an organism’s body. All solid planets & moons have the same general chemical makeup, so nutrients are present. Those with a water cycle or volcanic activity can transport and replenish the chemicals required by living organisms. Surface: Earth has water cycle, an atmosphere, and volcanoes to circulate nutrients. Venus, Titan, Io, and Mars have nutrients and ways to circulate them to organisms. Subsurface: Any planet or moon with sub-surface water or molten rock can circulate and replenish nutrients for organisms