Module 1 - Introduction to Civil Engineering.pptx

INTRODUCTION TO CIVIL ENGINEERING

1. Subject: Elements of Civil Engineering and Mechanics Subject Code: 21CIV14 1 Prepared by : Apoorva S Assistant Professor Civil Engineering department JSSATE, Bangalore

2. Text books Elements of Civil Engineering and mechanics – M N Shesha Prakash and Ganesh Mogaveer Elements of Civil Engineering – S S Bhavikatti Elements of Civil Engineering and mechanics – B K Kolhapure 2

3. MODULE-1 Overview of Civil Engineering Systems Introduction to structural engineering, geotechnical engineering, Construction technology, hydraulics, water resources and irrigation engineering transportation engineering, environmental and sanitary engineering, GIS, earthquake engineering. Role of civil engineers in the development of nation . Building materials Stone, brick, wood, glass, aluminum, cement, aggregates, concrete, steel, RCC, PSC, smart materials 3

4. ENGINEERING Engineering- role of directing the resources of nature to the use and convenience of man. Technology- application of basic scientific knowledge to advancement. Provides comfort to mankind and makes life comfortable. 4

5. Civil Engineering (An art and science of designing the infrastructure of society) It is the oldest branch of engineering which is growing right from stone age civilization. It is the first basic branch of engineering ,its relationship to the fulfillment of human needs are direct. Civil engineers are involved in all aspects of community infrastructure ,housing and construction. 5

6. Civil Engineering GIS Building Materials Construction Technology Environmental & Sanitary Engineering Geotechnical Engineering Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics Water Resource & Irrigation Engineering Structural Engineering Earthquake Engineering Transportation Engineering DISCIPLINES OF CIVIL ENGINERING 6

7. Structural Engineering Structure is the assemblage of two or more basic elements such as beam, slab, column, truss, frame, shells etc. Deals with analysis the requirements considering design for limit states of collapse and serviceability. Infosys, Pune Cybertecture Egg Building, Mumbai 7

8. Structural Engineering Involves determination of support reactions, member forces and moments, deflection and deformations. Deals with selection of proper materials, sizes, proportions and shape of each member and its connecting details, the section should be economical, safe and is governed by standard specifications. Repair, rehabilitation and maintenance is also part of structural engineering. Dams, Bridges, Stadiums, Auditoriums, Multi-storied buildings are analyzed & designed 8 Public Utility Building, Bangalore

9. Geotechnical Engineering Involves study of soil, properties and its behavior on the application of load . Involves Foundations Slopes Retaining Structures Highway pavement design Embankments and earth dams Tunnels, underground structures and deep cuts 9

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11. Geotechnical Engineering To assess the quality of soil or rock to carry the structure Proper knowledge of geotechnical engg is necessary for safety and stability of structures 11 Leaning tower of Pisa

12. For a geotechnical engineer, Foundation Soil and sub-structure should resist forces without failure or excessive deformation Foundation Soil Super Structure Foundation or Substructure Ground Level 12

13. Construction Technology & Management Construction technology: Planning of different units of a building for the activities designed for the building. Code of building and bye-laws ensure good and sound construction through regulating the materials and construction methods. Maintenance and repairs of the buildings. Includes study of construction materials and techniques. 13

14. Construction Technology & Management Construction management: Comprises of men, material, time and money management Involves engineering, economics and commerce to ‘achieve the desired construction in the most economical way’ . 14

15. Construction Technology & Management Construction managers: Review contracts, Order materials, Hire and schedule sub-contractors . The job of a construction manager is to: Provide quality control and ensure project is completed on time and within budget . 15

16. Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics Branch of science involving the study of fluids at rest and in motion. Hydraulics is the study of properties and mechanics of water and its flow characteristics. Deals with the study of design, construction, maintenance of hydraulic power facilities, canals, dams, pipelines, pumping stations, sea port facilities and even in protection of beaches. Fluid mechanics provides the theoretical foundations for hydraulics which focuses on the engineering use of fluid properties. 16

17. Water Resource & Irrigation Engineering Water for agriculture and drinking. Identification of suitable water resources and storage of water. Surface and sub-surface water. Water resources engineering can be defined as a science which deals with the subject of tapping water either from surface or sub-surface sources. Includes hydrology, irrigation. Hydraulics and water supply Judicious use of water for the purpose of irrigation is called irrigation engineering. 17

18. Water Resource & Irrigation Engineering Irrigation engineering deals with water management for agriculture purpose. Dams are constructed at the desired locations to store water in reservoir when the supply from river is good and to utilize for useful purpose during draught. During excess input, water is allowed to main river through the body of dam to avoid flooding. Falkirk Wheel in Scotland Hoover Dam in USA 18

19. Transportation Engineering It deals with transportation of men and material through different modes such as land, water and air. In air strip runways, roads and railway, the study includes the design of pavement system. Roads Railways Waterways Airways 19

20. 20 Nice road Clover leaf junction

21. Environmental and Sanitary Engineering Environment is the available nature around us. It includes the life support system such as water, air and land/Soil. Environmental engineering deals with the technology to save nature from human and natural abuse and pollution. It covers both water supply and sanitary engineering It deals with: Technique of water collection, purification and supply Waste water collection, treatment and disposal Control of all types of pollution 21

22. 22 Water treatment process

23. Earthquake Engineering Earthquake engineering  is an interdisciplinary branch of engineering that designs and analyzes structures, such as buildings and bridges, with earthquakes in mind. Design, construct and maintain structures to perform at earthquake exposure up to the expectations and in compliance with building codes. 23

24. Earthquake Engineering A properly engineered structure  does not necessarily have to be extremely strong or expensive. It has to be properly designed to withstand the seismic effects while sustaining an acceptable level of damage . Its overall goal is to make such structures more resistant to earthquakes. An earthquake (or seismic) engineer aims to construct structures that will not be damaged in minor shaking and will avoid serious damage or collapse in a major earthquake.   24

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26. GIS A Geographic Information System is a multi-component environment used to create, manage, visualize and analyze data and its spatial counterpart. The GIS is used to study geologic features, analyze soils and strata, assess seismic information, and or create three dimensional (3D) displays of geographic features. GIS can be also used to analyze rock information characteristics and identifying the best dam site location . 26

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28. Infrastructure E conomic development of country depends on growth and production rate of industries and agricultural fields. Facilities- transportation, energy, communication, science and technology, irrigation facilities, equipment. These facilities are referred to as “ Infrastructural facilities”. 28

29. Role of Civil engineers in Infrastructural development Good town planning and developing sites. Construction of dams and proper utilization of water resources. Construction of Housing, commercial and industrial complexes. Maintenance of better irrigation facility. Rebuilding, Rehabilitation, Retrofitting and Repair 29

30. Role of Civil engineers in Infrastructural development contd…. Provide good drainage and purification plants provide and maintain communication systems like roads, railways, harbors and airports. Monitor land, water and air pollution and take measures to control them. 30

31. Building materials 31