Module 2 for readings in the philippien hostory.pptx

Readings in the philippine history module 2

1. Content and Contextual Analysis of selected Primary Sources

2. Chapter 2: Content and Contextual Analysis of selected Primary Sources “First Voyage Around the World” by Antonio Pigafetta “Customs of the Tagalogs ” by Fray Juan de Plasencia “ Kartilya ng Katipunan ” by Emilio Jacinto “ Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan ” by Emilio Aguinaldo “ Acta de la Proclamacion de la Independencia del Pueblo Filipino” by Ambrosio Bautista

3. “Philippine Cartoons: Political Caricature of the American Era” by Alfred McCoy and Alfredo Roces “Filipino Grievances Against Governor Wood” by Commission on Independence “President Corazon Aquino’s Speech Before the U.S. Congress (September 18, 1986)” “Raiders of the Sulu Sea (Film)” “Works of Luna and Amorsolo (paintings)”

4. Content Analysis Identification of the historical importance of the text Title of Primary Source Background of the Author Reason/s of writing this Primary Source

5. Contextual Analysis Examination of author’s main argument or point of view Title of Primary Source Summary of the Background of the Source Cite the Meaning and Relevance of the Source Importance in Understanding Philippine History

6. “First Voyage Around the World” (“Primer Viaje en Torno del Globo ”)

7. SPAIN PORTUGAL

8. Historical background Written by Antonio Pigafetta in one of the five ships that first circumnavigate the world It covers the time when Ferdinand Magellan’s fleet “Armada de Molucca” started the voyage (1519) until it was successfully went back to Spain

9. The copies of this account was presented by Pigafetta to Pope Clement VII, King Francis I’s mother, etc. His original diary was lost and not known in what language it was written Survived in 4 manuscript versions; 1 Italian (Carlo Amoretti) and 3 French

10. MARCH 17, 1521 (originally March 16) Arrival in “ Zamal ” (Samar) particularly in the island of “ Humunu ” ( Homonhon ) Magellan called it “ Acquada da li buoni Segnialli ” (Watering place of God Signs) The district was called “Las Islas de San Lazaro” (Islands of Saint Lazarus)

11. MARCH 18, 1521 (originally March 17) Magellan and his men landed in Humunu and saw by native boatmen from Suluan Island who gave them foods. Transaction made through Magellan’s slave interpreter, “Enrique” (of Malacca) MARCH 22, 1521 (originally March 21) The boatmen return to Magellan’s location and gave two boats of foods Magellan at Malacca (1505) Magellan went back to Portugal with Enrique (1511)

12. MARCH 30 (originally March 29) “ Umangkla ang barko namin sa isla ng Mazaua , malapit sa bahay ng Rajah nito (Rajah Siagu ) at umakyat ng barko ang Rajah at sila Magellan kung saan sila’y nagpalitan ng regalo . Nag- almusal at ipinasyal ni Magellan ang Rajah sa paligid ng kanyang barko at ipinakita ang kanyang mga armas . Gayundin ako at isang kasama ay sumama sa Rajah at sa Balanghai , kami ay pinakain ng baboy , pinainom ng alak at pinakita ng hari ang kanilang palasyo at nagpakain pa.” MARCH 31 (originally March 30) “ Bumalik kami sa aming mga barko kasama ang kapatid ng Rajah ng Mazaua , ang Rajah ng Butuan-Calagan na si Colambu , ang pinakamaayos na lalaking nakita namin .”

13. APRIL 1, 1521 (originally March 31) First mass in the Philippines was happened in “ Mazaua ” Attended by Magellan, Rajah Kolambu , Rajah Siagu ( Siaui ) and local islanders

14. APRIL 8, 1521 Magellan went to Zubu (Cebu) and met Rajah Humabon The rajah wanted Magellan and his men to pay tribute to them but told his translator Enrique that they are working for King of Spain and threatened him a war

15. APRIL 15, 1521 (original April 14) Held a mass on Humabon’s place where attended by 800 local members Magellan gave Hara Humamay an image of Sto . Niño Humabon became “Carlos” and Humamay became “Juana”

16. APRIL 27, 1521 (originally April 26) Rajah Zula told Magellan that Matan’s ( Mactan ) chieftain Cilapulapu ( Lapulapu ) refused to obey the King of Spain Zula requested Magellan to send him only one boatload of men to fight Cilapulapu but Magellan

17. APRIL 28, 1521 (originally April 27) 60 of Magellan’s men set out armed with corselets and helmets and 20-30 Balanhais loaded by Rajah Humabon’s men went to Matan to attack Cilapulapu The local islanders had lances of bamboo and stakes hardened with fire “Battle of Mactan ” happened

18. “ Organisado ang paglusob ng mga tiga-Mactan habang nagsisigawan . Isang grupo kada tagiliran ng mga Espanyol at isa sa harap na tila tatsulok . Nang magpaputok ng mga kanyon at riple ang mga Espanyol , nakahanda na ang mga kalasag ng mga ito . Gayundin , kanya-kanyang tago ang mga mandirigma upang makaiwas , malinaw na malinaw na sila’y handa sa atake . Hindi nakayanan ng mga Europeo ang mga pana , sibat , putik at bato na dumapo sa kanila . At matapos nito’y iniutos ni Magellan na magsunog ng mga bahay ng mga taga-Mactan na siyang lalong ikinagalit ng mga ito . At natutunan ng mga mandirigmang taga-Mactan na puntiryahin sa paa ang mga kalabang nakabaluti . Tinamaan si Magellan ng panang may lason sa kanang binti , pero sinabi nitong bumalik na sa mga barko . Sa katapusan ng laban si Magellan ay tinamaan ng sibat sa mukha ngunit nakalaban pa, nasugatan pa braso at nakampilan pa sa kaliwang binti . Sa kanyang pagbagsak , pinagtulungan na siya ng mga tiga-Mactan . At nang makita ng mga kasama na patay na si Magellan, sila’y nagsiatrasan , dala-dala ang iba pang mga sugatan .”

19. Other contents of Pigafetta’s manuscript: Lifestyle of early Filipinos in Visayas First vocabulary of Visayan words ever penned by a European Description of early Visayan music Evidence that the world is round Re-discovery of Pacific Ocean

20. “ Redencion presupone virtud , virtud sacrificio , sacrificio amor !” (Redemption presupposes virtue; virtue sacrifice, sacrifice, love!) -Padre Florentino (El Filibusterismo , 1891)

21. “Customs of the Tagalogs ” ( Relacion de las Costumbres de Los Tagalos )

22. Historical background Written by Fray Juan de Plasencia in 1589 Currently kept in Archivo General de Indias in Seville, Spain. Its English version appeared on Volume VII of Blair and Robertson’s collection of Spanish documents Contains extensive information about political and socio-cultural history of Tagalog region

23. It discusses the early Tagalog: Social Classes Datu , Maharlika , Timawa , Alipin ( Namamahay and Saguiguilir ) Houses made of bamboo, wood and nipa palm Ornaments adds distinction to a person ( Kalumbiga and Agimat )

24. Dressing Male: Putong , Kangan,Bahag Female: Baro , Saya Government Barangay system (30-100 families) Marriage Paninilbihan , Bigay -kaya, Panghihimuyat , Bigay-suso

25. Religious beliefs (Paganism/Animism) Badhala (Supreme being), Idayanale (agriculture), Sidapa (death), Agni (fire), Balangaw ( raibow ), Mandarangan (war), Lalahon (harvest), Siginaguran (hell) Economic life agriculture, fishing, hunting, shipbuilding, foreign trades Language Baybayin

26. 10. Burials Normal people buried beside their house, Datu buried under a porch after a four-day mourning Mourning was accompanied by drinking 11. Witchcraft Mancocolam , Hocloban , Manggagauay , Tigbalang , Patianac

27. How Intramuros /Fort Santiago was made?

28. “Hindi natin mamahalin ang bansang hindi natin kilala ; Mahirap paglingkuran ang bansang hindi natin mahal ; Bago natin mahalin at paglingkuran ang ating bayan , siguraduhin muna nating kilala natin ito .”

29. “ Kartilya ng Katipunan ”

30. Historical background Written by Emilio Jacinto in 1896 Codified document listing the duties and responsibilities of every Katipunan member Chose by Bonifacio instead of his “ Katungkulang Gagawin ng mga Z. Ll. B.” ( Dekalogo )

31. It was influenced by: Age of Enlightenment French Revolution Masonry Propaganda Movement La Liga Filipina

32. 1. Ang kabuhayang hindi ginugugol sa isang malaki at banal na kadahilanan ay kahoy na walang lilim , kundi damong makamandag . 2. Ang gawang magaling na nagbubuhat sa pagpipita sa sarili , at hindi sa talagang nasang gumawa ng kagalingan , ay di kabaitan . 3. Ang tunay na kabanalan ay ang pagkakawang gawa , ang pagibig sa kapua at ang isukat ang bawat kilos, gawa’t pangungusap sa talagang Katuiran . 4. Maitim man at maputi ang kulay ng balat , lahat ng tao’y magkakapantay ; mangyayaring ang isa’y higtan sa dunong , sa yaman , sa ganda …; ngunit di mahihigtan sa pagkatao .

33. 5. Ang may mataas na kalooban inuuna ang puri sa pagpipita sa sarili ; ang may hamak na kalooban inuuna ang pagpipita sa sarili sa puri . 6. Sa taong may hiya, salita’y panunumpa . 7. Huag mong sasayangin ang panahun ; ang yamang nawala’y magyayaring magbalik ; nguni’t panahong nagdaan na’y di na muli pang magdadaan . 8. Ipagtanggol mo ang inaapi , at kabakahin ang umaapi .

34. 9. Ang taong matalino’y ang may pagiingat sa bawat sasabihin , at matutong ipaglihim ang dapat ipaglihim . 10. Sa daang matinik ng kabuhayan , lalaki ay siyang patnugot ng asawa’t mga anak ; kung ang umaakay ay tungo sa sama , ang patutunguhan ng iaakay ay kasamaan din. 11. Ang babai ay huag mong tignang isang bagay na libangan lamang , kundi isang katuang at karamay sa mga kahirapan nitong kabuhayan ; gamitan mo ng buong pagpipitagan ang kaniyang kahinaan , at alalahanin ang inang pinagbuhata’t nagiwi sa iyong kasangulan . 12. Ang di mo ibig na gawin sa asawa mo , anak at kapatid , ay huag mong gagawin sa asawa , anak , at kapatid ng iba .

35. 13. Ang kamahalan ng tao’y wala sa pagkahari , wala sa tangus ng ilong at puti ng mukha , wala sa pagkaparing kahalili ng Dios wala sa mataas na kalagayan sa balat ng lupa ; wagas at tunay na mahal na tao , kahit laking gubat at walang nababatid kundi ang sariling wika , yaong may magandang asal , may isang pangungusap , may dangal at puri ; yaong di napaaapi’t di nakikiapi ; yaong marunong magdamdam at marunong lumingap sa bayang tinubuan . 14. Paglaganap ng mga aral na ito at maningning na sumikat ang araw ng mahal na Kalayaan dito sa kaabaabang Sangkalupuan , at sabugan ng matamis niyang liwanag ang nangagkaisang magkalahi’t magkakapatid ng ligaya ng walang katapusan , ang mga ginugol na buhay , pagud , at mga tiniis na kahirapa’y labis nang natumbasan . Kung lahat ng ito’y mataruk na ng nagiibig pumasuk at inaakala niyang matutupad ang mga tutungkulin , maitatala ang kaniyang ninanasa sa kasunod nito .

36. “ Ang kasaysayan ay hindi basta-basta kuwento , mayroon itong metodo . Magtanong … Mag- imbestiga … Magkumpara …” -Prof. Xiao Chua

37. “ Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan ”

38. Historical background Written by Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo The first volume of this memoirs was produced between 1928 and 1946 It includes the accounts from his birth and early years until the signing of the Biak- na - Bato Treaty in 1897.

39. This was based on Aguinaldo’s diary, documents from himself and his relatives. End of 1963, decided to publish this memoirs and translated in Tagalog by Dr. Luz C. Bucu of University of the East in 1967. Ambeth Ocampo pressumed that the second volume of this memoirs (2 nd phase of Philippine Revolution against Spain until Philippine-American War).

40. The following contents of “ Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan ” were from the sixth chapter of Nick Joquin’s “A Question of Heroes.”

41. Aguinaldo had a rich family (Carlos Aguinaldo and Trinidad Famy ) Aguinaldo studied at Colegio de San Juan de Letran but stopped because of father’s death Aguinaldo became Cabeza de Barangay of Binakayan (1895) because of Maura Law Aguinaldo became the first Capitan Municipal of Cavite Viejo ( Kawit )

42. Did not attend the August 24 Balintawak meeting of Katipunan , instead he was represented by his brother Crispulo (in this meeting Bonifacio announced that the revolution will be started on August 29) The August 29 plot did not happen because Bonifacio in Manila was attacked by Spaniards from Caloocan Aguinaldo started the revolt in Cavite on August 31 (together with Bacoor , Imus, and other Cavite Capitan Municipals )

43. Aguinaldo became successful in different battles in Cavite that caused some issues in Katipunan The Katipunan in Cavite split into two: “ Magdalo ” (Pro-Aguinaldo) and “ Magdiwang ” (Pro- Bonifacio ) Bonifacio wanted to solve the rivalry in a December 1896 meeting in Imus (resulted into a decision to dissolve the Katipunan and to have a formal election for the new revolutionary government)

44. Aguinaldo became the president of Philippine Revolutionary Government in March 22, 1897 through Tejeros Convention Bonifacio did not accept the results of the election, then, he wrote the “ Acta de Tejeros ” (March 23, 1897) and held the “ Naic Military Agreement” (April 19, 1897)

45. Aguinaldo ordered the arrest and trial of Bonifacio (and his brother Procopio ) Further, Aguinaldo decided to sentence the brothers into death penalty on May 10, 1897

46. Aguinaldo agreed to be in a peace pact in Biak-Na- Bato , San Miguel, Bulacan with the Spaniards that led his exile to Hong Kong in 1897

47. “Acta de la Proclamacion de la Independencia del Pueblo Filipino”

48. It’s declaration was accompanied by playing of the Philippine national anthem composed by Julian Felipe through the band , “San Francisco de Malabon ” The declaration was signed by 97 Filipinos and an American official, Col. M.L. Johnson The text of declaration reminisced the start of 1896 Revolution in Caloocan and the eight provinces who joined the Katipunan

49. “Sa huli , napagkasunduan ng lahat na ang Bayang ito , na malaya na mula sa araw na ito , ay dapat gamitin ang watawat na dati nang ginagamit nito , na may disenyo at kulay na inilalarawan sa inilakip na guhit : Ang tatlong panig na makikita rito ay tiyak na sumasagisag sa puting tatsulok na simbolong nagbibigay-pagkakakilanlan sa bantog na kapisanang “ Katipunan ,” na sa pamamagitan ng sanduguan ay nagpasiklab sa pag-aalsa ng masa; ang tatlong bituin na kumakatawan sa tatlong pangunahing isla ng Arkipelago – Luzon, Mindanao, at Panay kung saan nagsimula ang mapanghimagsik na kapatiran ;

50. ang araw na representasyon ng mga dambuhalang hakbang na isinagawa ng mga anak ng bayan sa landas ng kaunlaran at kabihasnan ; ang walong sinag na sumisimbolo sa walong probinsiya –Manila, Cavite, Bulacan , Pampanga, Nueva Ecija , Bataan, Laguna, at Batangas – na nagdeklara ng digmaan , nang unang masindihan ang mitsa ng himagsikan ; at ang mga kulay na bughaw , pula, at puti , na lahat ay nagsisilbing paggunita sa watawat ng Estados Unidos sa Hilagang Amerika, bilang pagpapakita ng malalim na pasasalamat sa Dakilang Bansa na nagkaloob at nagkakaloob ng walang pag-iimbot na pagtatanggol . At sa ganang ito , inihaharap ngayon itong watawat sa mga Ginoong nagtitipon .”

51. “Philippine Cartoons: Political Caricature of the American Era ”

52. Historical background Written by Alfred McCoy and Alfredo Roces American period in the Philippines provided leeway in the publication of independent newspapers but in strict manner. The censorship loosened when civil government was established in 1901.

53. Many Filipino artists made us of cartoons as political commentaries to expose the ills of the American colonial government. McCoy provided an analysis of the issues during American period through cartoons and Roces compiled these cartoons on a book.

54. Newspapers that included political cartoons: “ The Philippine Free Press ” (featured investigative articles regarding country’s development) “ The Independent ” (forum for the discussion of political issues in the country weekly) “ Bag-Ong Kusog ” (highlighted the conditions in Cebu prior to WW2 and differences of Spanish and American colonization)

55. “ Lipag-Kalabaw ” (Tagalog and Spanish newspaper with satiric cartoons) “ El Renacimiento ” (campaigned for the right of free press) “ La Vanguardia ” (survived until WW2 and one of Manila’s leading newspapers)

56. “Filipino Grievances Against Governor Wood”

57. Historical background Written by Gregorio Zaide and was approved by Commission on Independence as Document No. 608 on November 17, 1926 It was served as a protest for an Impeachment request for Gov. Leonard Wood

58. Gov. Leonard Wood’s political achievements: Arrived in the Philippines after his services in Cuba during 1903 Appointed as Governor of Moro province in Mindanao Commissioned 1921 by US Pres. Warren Harding with Gov. William Forbes to investigate if the Philippines was ready to be given independence after Francis Harrison’s “ Filipinization Policy.”

59. Grievances against Governor Wood: Recommended the extension of US in the Philippines after Wood-Forbes Mission Reversed the Filipinization Policy of Harrison when he appointed as Governor of the Philippines in 1923. Issued Executive Order No. 37 that nullified laws creating the Board of Control (composed of Filipinos) and its functions Aimed his government to conduct business without the consent of Philippine Legislature

60. Disregarded the decision of Jose P. Laurel (Interior Secretary) to suspend Ray Conley from his work as a secret detective because of bribery and having mistress, this caused the “Cabinet Crisis of 1923” (Five Filipino Cabinet secretaries resigned led by Laurel and followed by Senate Pres. Manuel Quezon and House Speaker Manuel Roxas ) *Filipinos protested because of Gov. Wood’s defiance to the Philippine Autonomy Act or Jones Law.

61. The executive-legislative tension became more intense when Gov. Wood vetoed several bills passed by Philippine legislature. Gov. Wood did not finished his term because of his death in August 7, 1927.

62. Thank you! Yosef Eric C. Hipolito , LPT, MA Bachelor of Arts in History [email protected]

63. “President Corazon Aquino’s Speech Before the U.S. Congress” (September 18, 1986)

64. Historical background Written by Corazon Aquino as she was invited by the US Congress to convene a Joint Meeting for the purpose of hearing an address from a foreign leader The speech was delivered seven months after being sworn into office under revolutionary government

65. The speech targeted two goals: To express gratitude towards US for helping Filipinos regain freedom from Marcos’ dictatorship; To seek help from US in restoring government, considering her decision to honor the foreign debts the Philippines incurred during Marcos’ administration

66. “Raiders of the Sulu Sea ”

67. Historical background Documentary produced by Oak3 Films in 2008 in co-production agreement with the Media Authority of Singapore and Korean Broadcasting Commission It depicts the slave-raiding activities by Balangingi Samal , Ilanun and Tausug tribes under the command of Sultan of Sulu

68. It also shows the Moro resistance to the Spanish and American colonial Governments in Mindanao. The raids through the use of “ Balanghai ” in the coastal areas of Spanish settlements were sanctioned by the Sultans to retaliate against the colonizers. The Spanish and American wars against Moros led the Christian-Muslim conflict in the country.

69. Documentary’s key informants: Icelle D. Borja Samuel K. Tan, PhD Barbara W. Andaya, PhD Julius Bautista, PhD Margarita D. Cojuangco , PhD Halman Abubakar

70. Works of Luna and Amorsolo

71. Historical background Juan Luna’s paintings Illustrates literary and historical scenes that carried political commentaries Fernando Amorsolo’s paintings Depicted life during late American period and Japanese occupation in the country, and also other focused on rural landscapes

72. “La Muerte de Cleopatra” Won silver medal in 1881 Exposicion Nacional de Bellas Artes in Madrid, Spain Now located at the Museo del Prado, Spain

73. “The Battle of Lepanto” Won the gold medal in the 1888 Exposicion Nacional de Bellas Artes in Madrid, Spain Located at present in Palacio del Senado , Spain

74. “The Parisian Life”

75. “Portrait of a Lady”

76. “Burning of Sto . Domingo”

77. “Rape of Manila”

78. “Rizal Avenue Ruins”

79. “Defense of a Filipino Woman’s Honor”

80. “Burning of Manila”

81. “Making of the Philippine Flag” “First Baptism”

82. Suggested readings for Chapter 2: “The Philippine Islands, 1493-1898 ;Vol. 7” (pp. 165-187) by Emma Blair and James Alexander Robertson (2004) “The Light of Liberty: Documents and Studies on Katipunan , 1892-1897” by James Richardson (2013) “ Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan ” by Emilio Aguinaldo (1964) “Documents of the 1898 Declaration of Philippine Independence” by National Historical Institute (1997) “Philippine Cartoons: Political Caricature of the American era 1900-1941” by Alfred McCoy and Alfredo Roces (1985) “Documentary sources of Philippine History; Vol. 2” by Gregorio Zaide (1990) “President Corazon Aquino’s Speech before the U.S. Congress (September 18, 1986)”

83. Suggested Websites for Primary sources: Internet Archive ( https://archive.org ) Miguel de Benavidez UST Digital Library ( http://digilib.ust.edu.ph ) National Library of the Philippines TeknoAklatan ( http://nlpdl.nlp.gov.ph/TechnoAklatan.htm ) Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines ( https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/ ) Podkas.org ( https://www.podkas.org ) Project Gutenberg ( https://www.gutenberg.org ) University of Michigan Digital Collection ( https://quod.lib.umich.edu/s/sclphilimg )