Module 2 PPT Cultural and Biological Evolution

Cultural and Biological Evolution

1. For all purpose
For Presenration
The Theory of Human
Evolution (Module 2)

3. HAVE YOU EVER WONDERED, IF HUMANS AND APES SHARED ANCESTORS,
WHY AREN’T CHIMPANZEES OR APES EVOLVING INTO HUMANS?

4. Humans did not evolve from Chimpanzees or any
species of Apes. We share entirely different evolutionary
paths. We have shared a common ancestors that live
approximately 10 million years ago

5. Is the process through which living
organisms evolve from simple unicellular
organisms to a more complex one
Evolution depends on the mechanism of
natural selection that results in the
increased reproductive capacities of
organisms best suited for their living
conditions. (Charles Darwin)
2

6. Brief History of Human Evolution
The Evolution of man began approximately millions of years ago when
the first known man walked the earth.
Present-day humans developed through many stages of evolution,
from early hominins or primates that are now extinct.
The human being today is called HOMO, and the man today is called
HOMO SAPIENS.
The development of multicellular organisms from simple to unicellular
life forms is a lengthy evolutionary process - from the primates of
humans who walked on all four limbs to the modern-day man who
walks on two hind limbs.

7. The Seven Stages of
Human Evolution

8. The genus
Dryopithecus or the
Oak Wood are
considered the
common ancestors of
man and apes. They
lived in China, Europe,
Africa, and India.
Predominantly
herbivores
DRYOPITHECUS

9. The first remains of
Ramapithecus were discovered
in the Shivalik range of Punjab,
India.
They believed living in open
grasslands.
Thickened tooth enamel,
shorter canines, and robust
jaws, upright posture, and
usage of hands for food and
defence.
Ramapithecus

10. The fossil of Australopithecus
was first discovered in South
Africa in 1924.
They were approximately 4
feet tall and weighed 60-80
pounds.
They used stone tools as
weapons and has and
erected posture.
Australopithecus

11. The name of this genus
signifies “handyman” in
Latin, representing
them as the first
makers of tools.
They have large
braincases and smaller
faces as compared to
Australopithecus.
They were able to
adjust living on trees.
Homo
Habilis

12. The first fossil of this
genus was found in Java,
Indonesia in 1891.
Homo Erectus is believed
to have lived in
communities. and known
for using tools such as
quartz, bones, and wood.
Engaged in collective
hunting and the use of
fire.
The missing link between
man and apes.
Homo
Erectus

13. Replacing the Homo
Erectus, this genus has
the ability to hunt big
animals.
During evolution, the
two subspecies were
identified as
Neanderthal and
Sapiens Sapiens.
Homo Sapiens
Neanderthalensis

14. Their remains were first
discovered in Europe
and were named Cro-
Magnon.
Their jaws were quite
reduced, modern man’s
chin appears, and their
skull is rounded.
They gathered food
through hunting and
art first appeared
during this time.
Homo Sapiens
Sapiens

17. Stages of Human Evolution by
Charles Darwin

18. An English naturalist
and geologist.
Born on February
12, 1809, Died on
April 19, 1882.
He is best known for
his contributions on
evolutionary theory.
Charles
Darwin

19. Natural Selection - Is the mechanism of evolution of
a species wherein characteristics which assist
character organisms in living on and reproducing are
surpassed to their offspring. It focuses on the
elimination of inferior species gradually over time.
According to Charles Darwin, Evolution come through a
series of natural selection.

20. Struggle for Existence - As organisms multiply and
grew in number, it will results to conflict for
existence.
Survival of the Fittest - Results to conflict for
existence.
Variation - The process of adaptation and inherited
from one generation to another.
According to Charles Darwin, Evolution come through a
series of natural selection.

21. Stressors
SUNLIGHT
Physiological
Adaptation
PRODUCTION OF
MELANIN IN THE
SKIN
Anatomical
Adaptation
GENETIC
SELECTION FOR
DARKER SKIN
Behavioral/Cultur
al
MINIMAL OR
LOOSE
CLOTHING
Human Variation and
Biological Adaptation

22. Is the Capacity of human beings and societies to
overcome changes in the environment through the
modifications of their culture.
It may vary from slight modifications in livelihood
systems up to the primary alteration of the whole
complex cultural systems such as social,
behavioral, psychological, ideological realm.
It influence and shape human behaviors.
CULTURAL ADAPTATION

23. What Questions Do You Have?

24. Prepared by: Elmer F. Puzo, LPT

25. Lessons 6-9 next