Module 5 Kinship and Politics.pptxasdasds

ucsp

1. UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY & POLITICS SOCIAL AND POLITICAL INSTITUTION KINSHIP & POLITICS

2. Learning Competencies Explain the forms and functions of social institutions Examine the functions and importance of social institutions in the society.

3. OUTLINE: PART 1 KINSHIP & HOUSEHOLD Defining Kinship Kinship Formation Patterns of Post-Marital Residences Types of Families POLITICAL AND LEADERSHIP STRUCTURES Power & Authority Types of Authority Political Organizations Elements of the State

4. KINSHIP & HOUSEHOLD: DEFINING KINSHIP Kinship refers to a shared characteristic of a group of people . Thus your family is your kin as you share a common characteristic which is being in the same “family.”

5. KINSHIP & HOUSEHOLD: KINSHIP FORMATION Kinship by blood (Consanguineous) –This refers to the type of kinship that is possible by blood - relatedness . Therefore, your biological parents and siblings are your kin as you share the same blood. Descent is a way of tracing one’s blood relationship through the immediate and “far” ancestors . Lineage refers to the line along which one’s descent is traced .

6. KINSHIP & HOUSEHOLD: KINSHIP FORMATION Unilineal descent, which is traced to a single ancestor from either male or female line. Matrilineal-type of descent that is done by tracing your blood line from your Mother. Patrilineal-type of descent is done by tracing the relatives blood-related to your father .

7. KINSHIP & HOUSEHOLD: KINSHIP FORMATION Kinship by Marriage (Affinal) –refers to the kinship that is possible by the virtue of marriage. Marriage- a legally recognized social contract between two people, traditionally based on a sexual relationship and implying a permanence of the union. (Where legal union is used to refer to anything considered part of the common law of a specific culture).

8. KINSHIP & HOUSEHOLD: KINSHIP FORMATION Monogamy is a type of marriage where one individual is committed to another individual. Serial Monoga my is a form of monogamy in which a person is in a constant state of getting remarried t o another person once a previous monogamous relationship has ended.

9. KINSHIP & HOUSEHOLD: KINSHIP FORMATION Polygamy is a type of marriage where an individual has multiple spouses. Polyandry - A woman has a sexual relations hip with more than one man. Polygyny - A man has sexual relations with more tha n one woman.

10. KINSHIP & HOUSEHOLD: POST-MARITAL RESIDENCE PATTERNS It refers to the forms of households formed by a married couple. Neolocal Residence . This is where the couple finds their own house, independent from all family members. Patrilocal Residence is most commonly used with herding and farming societies. It’s where the married couple lives with the husband’s father’s family. By living with the husband’s family, it lets all the men, (the father, brothers, and sons) continue to work together on the land. Matrilocal Residence is most familiar among horticultural groups. It’s where the couple moves to live where the wife grew up; usually found with matrilineal kinship systems.

11. Ambilocal residence where the couple lives with one family for awhile and then moves to live with the other spouse’s family. Eventually they have to decide who to live with permanently. Duolocal residence where lineage membership is so important to both the husband and wife that even though the couple is married they still live apart from one another and reside with their families. KINSHIP & HOUSEHOLD: POST-MARITAL RESIDENCE PATTERNS

12. KINSHIP & HOUSEHOLD: KINSHIP FORMATION Kinship by Ritual - refers to a type of kinship that is made official by a form of a ritual. Examples of these are godparenthood or even fraternal orders and ceremonies.

13. KINSHIP & HOUSEHOLD: TYPES OF FAMILIES Nuclear - a family composed of a married couple and their children, also called a conjugal family . Extended - a family where a nuclear family is joined by immediate relatives in the same household . In some cases, multiple families of multiple generations live in the same household . Single-parent – a family where a single parent raises his/her own child without the presence of a spouse.

14. KINSHIP & HOUSEHOLD: TYPES OF FAMILIES Grandparent family -Family that is headed by the grandparents instead of the parents of the youngest members. Same-sex- a family whose parents are in a homosexual relationship and take the responsibility in running the household. Transnational - family whose members are separated and resides in different countries.

15. KINSHIP & HOUSEHOLD: TYPES OF FAMILIES Step-families -families where one or both members who have children from previous relationships. Interchangeably, the term blended family is used if the condition is when both of the spouses from previous relationships get married and let their children become legal siblings.

16. KINSHIP & HOUSEHOLD: SUMMARY KINSHIP REFERS TO THE RELATIONSHIPS OF FAMILY MEMBERS IN KINSHIP FORMATION, THERE ARE THREE WAYS: CONSANGUINAL=BLOOD AFFINAL=MARRIAGE/LEGAL PARTNERSHIP RITUAL=CEREMONY THERE ARE FORMS OF MARRIAGE MONOGAMOUS=ONE SPOUSE POLYGAMOUS=MULTIPLE SPOUSES POLYANDRY=ONE FEMALE MANY MALE POLYGYN=ONE MALE MANY FEMALES POST-MARRIAGE RESIDENCY PATTERNS DEAL WITH LIFE AFTER MARRIAGE THERE ARE SEVERAL KINDS OF FAMILIES IN OUR CONTEMPORARY TIMES

17. POLITICAL AND LEADERSHIP STRUCTURES: STATE ACTORS The State is simply the political entity of a society. It doesn’t only include the people governing, but also the structure of governance (including the bureaucracy). Interchangeably, those who are part of the state are called state actors . On the other hand, non-state actors are other institutions that are influential to the society yet they do not belong to the state.

18. POLITICAL AND LEADERSHIP STRUCTURES: POLITICAL STRUCTURES Power - according to Max Weber(1922) , power is the ability to impose one’s own will to others . Authority -while people may have their power, it is up to the governed to accept this power, and thus, authority means power that is accepted .

19. POLITICAL AND LEADERSHIP STRUCTURES: TYPES OF AUTHORITY Traditional - the type of authority legitimized by an already establish custom. That people accept it since it has been in place for a long time. Example of this is a monarchy where a king and queen is still crowned.

20. POLITICAL AND LEADERSHIP STRUCTURES: TYPES OF AUTHORITY Charismatic -this type of authority emanates from people of distinct and likeable personalities. Such authority is often passionate as people are willing to offer sacrifices for their leader.

21. POLITICAL AND LEADERSHIP STRUCTURES: TYPES OF AUTHORITY Legal-Rational-type of authority that is legitimized by laws and other written-regulations. An example would be an elected official who won through acquiring majority of the votes.

22. POLITICAL AND LEADERSHIP STRUCTURES: TYPES OF AUTHORITY

23. POLITICAL AND LEADERSHIP STRUCTURES: POLITICAL O R G A N I Z A T I ONS Bands- most primitive of all of the organizations. It is loosely geographically defined and there is no particular time frame for this type of leadership. Here, a group of people (mostly family members), who are in pre-agricultural conditions (hunting and gathering) are led by a band leader. Power is egalitarian . Tribes- similar to bands, tribes are also composed of family members (extended) but compared to bands, tribes are larger and relies on agriculture. Therefore, tribes can be made of at least hundreds of people.

24. POLITICAL AND LEADERSHIP STRUCTURES: POLITICAL O R G A N I Z A T I ONS Chiefdoms- Chiefdoms are more complex political organizations where power is centralized to an entity. In chiefdoms, administration is more organized and stretches to several other key positions where power can be bestowed upon by the chief. The State -refers to the political and geopolitical entity. The state is comprised of four elements to be legitimate.

25. POLITICAL AND LEADERSHIP STRUCTURES: ELEMENTS OF STATE Territory - the land occupied by the state, it also includes the natural resources, atmosphere, sea borders, land borders as well as the materials found beneath it’s surface. Population -covers the entire people living in that particular territory who are also claimed as citizens of the state. Government -refers to the system of governance and administration effective in that state. Sovereignty refers to the inherent right to rule oneself minus the direction of other states, therefore, a state that is sovereign is independent.

26. Philippine Setting In the Philippines, state actors refer to the government. Here, we have a Republican-style democracy where there are three equal branches of the government.

27. POLITICAL AND LEADERSHIP STRUCTURES: STATE VS NATION A State is an independent, sovereign government exercising control over a certain spatially defined and bounded area, whose borders are usually clearly defined and internationally recognized by other states. A nation is a group of people who see themselves as a cohesive and coherent unit based on shared cultural or historical criteria. Nations are socially constructed units, not given by nature. Their existence, definition, and members can change dramatically based on circumstances. Nations in some ways can be thought of as “imagined communities” that are bound together by notions of unity that can pivot around religion, ethnic identity, language, cultural practice and so forth.

28. POLITICAL AND LEADERSHIP STRUCTURES: NATION STATE A Nation-State is the idea of a homogenous nation governed by its own sovereign state— where each state contains one nation. This idea is almost never achieved.

29. POLITICAL AND LEADERSHIP STRUCTURES: SUMMARY STATE ACTORS REFER TO THOSE ARE INVOLVED IN THE OFFICIAL AFFAIRS OF THE POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS POWER IS INNATE, AUTHORITY IS THE ACCEPTANCE OF IT THREE FORMS OF POLITICAL AUTHORITY EXIST TRADITIONAL-KINSHIP/INHERITANCE CHARISMATIC-PERSONALITY BASED RATIONAL LEGAL-LEGAL MEANS POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS DIFFER IN THE SIZE AND SCOPE OF POWER STATE IS THE MOST MODERN POLITICAL ORGANIZATION THE PHILIPPINES IS A STATE MORE THAN A NATION DUE TO THE EXISTENCE OF MANY CULTURES