Mohenjodaro

This is the ppt on Mohenjo-Daro and its civilization

1. MOHENJO DARO

2. Presented by : Raghav kumar prabhakar            

3. INDEX Mohenjo Daro Introduction of Mohenjo Daro Meaning of Mound of dead men Etymology Location Architecture & Urban Infrastructure Major Building Fortification Sculptures Stone Sculptures Bronze Casting Terracotta Sculptures Pottery SEALAS SEALING Summary

4. MOHENJO-DARO Mohenjo-Daro is also known as ( The Mound Of Dead Men ) it is one of the largest cites of ancient Indus valley civilization. It is an archeological site in the province of Sindh , Pakistan built around 2500 B.C. One of the world earliest major cities Contempronises with the civilization of ancient Egypt. Mesopotamia , Minaon crete and Norte citites Mohenjo-Daro was abounded in the 19 centaury B.C as the Indus valley civilization declined and the site was not rediscovered until the 1920,s signification excavation has since been conducted at the site of the city which has degenerated a ( UNESCO world heritage site in 1980). The site is currently threat end by erosion and improper restoration.

5. Etymology of Mohenjo-Daro The city s original name is unknown based analysis of Mohenjo-Daro seal, Cravantham Mahadevam .speculates that the cities ancient names should have the kukkutarma of the cockere . Cock- fighting may have been virtual and religious significance for the city with domestic chicken bred .there for sacred purpose , rather then as a food source Mohenjo-daro the modern name for the site has been variously intercreted as the mound of the dead men in sindhi and as “ Mound of Mohan” where Mohan in Krishan .

6. LOCATION Mohenjo-Daro is located west of the Indus river in Larkana , Sind, Pakistan in a central position between the Indus river and Ghaggar Hakra River.

7. Architecture & Urban Infrastructure

8. Mohenjo-Daro has a planned layout with recliner building arranged on a grid plan. Most were built of fixed and mortared bricks , some incorporate sun dried , mud bricks and wooden superstructures . the covered area by Mohenjo-Daro is estimated at 300 hectors . The sheer size of the city and it provision of public building and facilities suggest a high level of social organization . The city is divided into peats they so called citadel and brick mound around 12 meters ( 39 ft ) high is known as to have supported public baths , a large residential structure designed to house about 5,000 citizens and two large assembly halls the city had a Central market place with large Central walls .

9. Major buildings In 1950 Sir Mortimer wheeler defined one large building in Mohenjo-Daro as a “great granary”. Contains walls divides in massive Wonder superstructure appeared to be grain storage back complete with air products to dry the grain. According to the wheeler ( arts would have brought grain from the country side and unloaded them directly into the bag.However Jonathan noted the complete lack of evidence for grain at the granary . Which argued might there for be better termed a “great hall” of uncertain functions .close to the great granary is large and elaborate public bath sometimes called “ Great Bath”.

10. SIR MOTIMER WHELLER

11. FORTIFICATION Mohenjo- Daro had no series of city walls but was fortified by the main settlement and defensive fortification to the south.

12. SCULPTURE’ S

13. SCULPTURE’ S The Indus valley art forms included. sculptures seals pottery gold jewelry terracotta figures

14. Types of Sculpture’s

15. Stone Sculptures In stone the hut most disserved male figures are- male torso, bearded Priest. Male torso- Torso is a real is a real sandstone figures, which has socket holes in the neck and shoulder for attachment of head and arms . The Montale posture of the torso has been consciously adopted. The shoulders are well casual and the abdomen cooks highly prominent. This nude male torso considered to be a remarkable object that in its balanced lines stands somewhat equal to the beautiful art of the Gandhara turn thousand years later.

16. Bearded priest -This steatite fig of the bearded man interpreted as a priest or priest king is draped in a shawl coming under the right arm and covering the left shoulder . This shawl is decorated with trefoil pattern . His eyes are a little elongated and half closed as in meditation . An armlet is worn on the right hand and hold around the neck indicate a neck less the shawl on the shoulder off the bear3ded priest indicates handicraft Of embroidery was commonly practiced in Indus valley civilization. Male torso priest or priest king

17. Bronze casting- The most discussed exampled of metal sculpture in context with Indus valley Is the dancing girl . Metal casting walls populated at all the major centers of the Indus valley civilization , for example the copper dog and bird of cothal , bull from kalibangan and the human figures of copper and bronze from Harappa & Mohenjo-daro Terracotta Sculpture- The Terracotta Sculpture figurines had a universal popularity in the ancient world and Harappa where was no expectation to this there are plenty of terracotta seals and figurines recovered from toys to all object such as mother goddess to bird and animal including monkey , dogs sheep, cattle , both lumped and humbles bulls

18. Pottery

19. Two leading US archaeologists examine the pottery from Mohenjo-daro to probe some of the most valuable clues to the development of Indus Valley culture. The pottery of Mohenjo-daro , one of the two major urban centers of the Indus Valley civilization (2500-2000 B.C.) is described and documented. The authors survey Harappan ceramic technology and style, and develop an important and unique approach to vessel form analysis and terminology. Included is Leslie Alcock's account of the pottery from the 1950 excavations by Sir Mortimer Wheeler. The pottery of mohenjo daro one of the two major centers of the Indus valley civilization (2500-2000 B.C) is described and documented . The authors survey Harappa ceramic technology and style and devolved an important and unique approach to vessels from analysis and terminology Pottery

20. SEALS

21. Square Sealing

22. Seals- Terracotta sealing from Mohenjo-daro depicting a collection of animals and some script symbols. This sealing may have been used in specific rituals as a narrative token that tells the story of an important myth. Square seal depicting a nude male deity with three faces, seated in yogic position on a throne, wearing bangles on both arms and an elaborate headdress. Five symbols of the Indus script appear on either side of the headdress which is made of two outward projecting buffalo style curved horns, with two upward projecting points. A single branch with three pipal leaves rises from the middle of the headdress. Seven bangles are depicted on the left arm and six on the right, with the hands resting on the knees. The heels are pressed together under the groin and the feet project beyond the edge of the throne. The feet of the throne are carved with the hoof of a bovine as is seen on the bull and unicorn seals. The seal may not have been fired, but the stone is very hard. A grooved and perforated boss is present on the back of the seal. Material: tan steatite Dimensions: 2.65 x 2.7 cm, 0.83 to 0.86 thickness Mohenjo-daro , DK 12050 Islamabad Museum, NMP 50.296 Mackay 1938: 335, pl. LXXXVII, 222

23. SEALING Rectangular Sealing

24. Rectangular Sealing Long rectangular seals and a terra cotta sealing (bottom) with Indus script. The top seal has seven signs of Indus script. The back of this seal is convex and it is perforated from the side. The central sign may represent a house or temple and is a symbol that is often repeated on seals with horned deities seated in yogic position.

25. SUMMARY The name Mohenjo-daro , also spelled  Mohenjodaro  or  Moenjodaro , group of mounds and ruins on the right bank of the Indus River, northern  sindh province, southern Pakistan. It lies on the flat alluvial plain of the Indus, about 50 miles (80 km) southwest of  sukkar The site contains the remnants of one of two main centres of the ancient Indus civilization ( c.  2500–1700 BCE), the other one being Harappa, some 400 miles (640 km) to the northwest in Pakistan’s Punjab province.

26. Conclusion All of these facts prove that  Mohenjo-daro  was an amazing city. This technology impacted the Harappans lives in a big way. It made their lives easier with work, bathing, and other necessary things they had to do. They took a big step toward making useful inventions that affect us today.