monifinalpptformtechfinalpresentation.pptx

project presentation final mtech

1. Introduction It is type of hybrid energy system consist of a photovoltaic array coupled with a wind turbine . This would create more output from the wind turbine during the winter, whereas during the summer, the solar panels would produce their peak output. 9/7/2024 1

2. Photovoltaic (PV)- Wind power Photovoltaic (PV) cells are electronic devices that are based on semiconductor technology and can produce an electric current directly from sunlight. The best silicon PV modules now available commercially have an efficiency of over 18%, and it is expected that in about 10 years’ time module efficiencies may rise over 25%. Wind power is electricity produced by a generator, which is driven by a turbine according to aerodynamics in flowing air. 9/7/2024 2

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4. Photovoltaic (PV) modules Photovoltaic (PV) modules convert sunlight into direct current (DC) electricity. Modules can be wired together to form a PV array that is wiring modules in series the available voltage is increased and by wiring in parallel, the available current is increased. A typical PV module measures about 0.5 square meters (about 1.5 by 3.5 feet) and produces about 75 watts of DC electricity in full sun. 9/7/2024 4

5. Wind turbine The three-bladed wind turbines are operated "upwind," with the blades facing into the wind. The other common wind turbine type is the two-bladed, downwind turbine . Utility-scale turbines range in size from 50 to 750 kilowatts. Single small turbines, below 50 kilowatts, are used for homes, telecommunications dishes, or water pumping. 9/7/2024 5

6. DC-AC inverter DC-AC inverter changes low voltage direct current (DC) power , which is produced by the PV or wind turbine or stored in the battery into standard alternating current (AC) house power that is 120 or 240VAC, 50 or 60 hertz. The “modern sine wave” Inverters supply uninterruptible power, i.e. there are no blackouts or brownouts. The inverters come in sizes from 250 watts to over 8,000 watts. 9/7/2024 6

7. PV modules mounting and wind turbine tower The PV modules mounting can be a ground mount that works either on rooftops or the ground, or pole mount for getting them up in the air. Trackers are another PV mounting option, which are pole mounts that automatically adjust themselves so that the PV could face the sun throughout the day. Because the wind turbine should be mounded into non-turbulent wind, a tall enough wind turbine tower is needed (9 m above anything within 120 m ). There should also be enough space to properly anchor the guy wires. 9/7/2024 7

8. Safe Equipment Safe equipment includes over-current and lightning protection components. Over-current protection components such as fuses and fused disconnects protect the system's wiring and components in the event of short circuits. Fusing protects from overcurrent situations, and disconnects allow safe shutdown of system components for maintenance and repair. Commercial lightning arrestors are available to help protect RE system electronics against the lightning. 9/7/2024 8

9. Batteries Batteries store electrical energy produced by RE resource in a reversible chemical reaction. Most batteries employed in RE systems use the lead-acid batteries typically encased in plastic and wired together in series and parallel strings by the installer. A typical 12-volt system may have 800 amp-hours of battery capacity. This is the equivalent of 1,200 watts for eight hours if fully discharged and starting from a fully charged state. 9/7/2024 9

10. Establishment Of A Wind/ Pv Hybrid Unit 9/7/2024 10

11. OBJECTIVES To examine the distinctive curves and the impact of varying environmental factors like as temperature and radiation on them . Examine and simulate photovoltaic cells, arrays, and panels. To examine how the PV module behaves while partially shaded. To determine the PV panel's maximum power point of operation, independent of environmental variations. To research, model, and monitor the wind power system's peak power . Develop a hybrid system. 9/7/2024 11

12. MPPT MPPT  or  Maximum Power Point Tracking  is algorithm that included in charge controllers used for extracting maximum available power from PV module under certain conditions. The voltage at which PV module can produce maximum power is called maximum power point (or peak power voltage). Maximum power varies with solar radiation, ambient temperature and  solar cell  temperature . 9/7/2024 12

13. MPPT The major principle of MPPT is to extract the maximum available power from PV module by making them operate at the most efficient voltage (maximum power point). MPPT checks output of PV module, compares it to battery voltage then fixes what is the best power that PV module can produce to charge the battery and converts it to the best voltage to get maximum current into battery. It can also supply power to a DC load, which is connected directly to the battery. MPPT is most effective under these conditions Cold weather, cloudy or hazy days: Normally, PV module works better at cold temperatures and MPPT is utilized to extract maximum power available from them. When battery is deeply discharged: MPPT can extract more current and charge the battery if the state of charge in the battery is lowers. 9/7/2024 13

14. Flowchart of Perturb & Observe MPPT algorithm 9/7/2024 14

15. S . NO. TITLE AUTHORS PUBLICATION OBSERVATION 1 . MATLAB/Simulink Based Modeling of Photovoltaic Cell Ahmed, Nabil A., and Masafumi Miyatake Electric Power Systems Research 78.5 (2008): 777-784 In situations when traditional generation is impractical, this research suggests a hybrid energy system that combines wind turbines and solar photovoltaic cells as a small-scale alternative source of electrical energy. Without measuring the photovoltaic array's irradiance or the wind speed, a straightforward and reasonably priced control method for tracking the maximum power point from the array and wind turbine under changing weather circumstances has been developed. The suggested solution is appealing because it is inexpensive, straightforward to operate, and simple. This paper demonstrates the availability of the suggested hybrid system by providing a thorough description of it as well as comprehensive simulation results that confirm its viability. PSIM software was used to simulate the hybrid system under examination. 5. Intelligent controller for a stand-alone hybrid generation system S. Meenakshi and K.Rajambal IEEE Power India Conference. IEEE, 2018 The modeling and power flow analysis of a stand-alone hybrid generating system (SAHGS) with solar and wind power is the focus of this paper. Matlab /Simulink is used to model and simulate the photovoltaic array, wind-driven self excited induction generator (SEIG), and other network components. Before being supplied to a common DC bus, a DC/DC converter rectifies and regulates the variable voltage and frequency of a generator. A DC/DC converter also regulates the solar module's fluctuating output voltage. The DC bus gathers all of the energy produced by the solar and wind systems and uses it in part to charge the battery bank and in part to fulfill the necessary load demand. To determine the operating modes, the separate systems are simulated for various wind speeds and sun intensities, respectively. The firing angle of the converter, which determines the maximum power generation, and the duty ratios of the choppers are both adjustable by a neural controller. 9/7/2024 15

16. S . NO. TITLE AUTHORS PUBLICATION OBSERVATION 3 . A novel maximum power point tracking for photovoltaic applications under partially shaded insolation conditions T. Salmi , M. Bouzguenda " International journal of renewable energy research 2.2 (2021): 213-218. The MATLAB/Simulink model of a solar cell is the main subject of this study. This concept is explained by an analogous circuit that consists of a photocurrent source, a diode, a series resistor, and a shunt resistor. It is based on mathematical calculations. The created model makes it possible to forecast how PV cells will behave in various environmental and physical conditions. The physical characteristics of a certain solar PV cell as a function of temperature and solar radiation may also be extracted using the model. Furthermore, this paper describes the operation of a PV array and module. An experimental test bench was constructed in order to validate the generated model, and the findings showed good agreement with the simulation results.. 5. The Modeling And Simulation Of Solar PV And DFIG Based Wind Hybrid System M. G. Vil alva , J. R. Gazoli IEEE Power India Conference. IEEE, 2018 An accurate and simple approach to simulating solar arrays is presented in this study. Using details from the datasheet, the procedure is used to determine the array model's parameters. Any circuit simulator can be used to mimic the photovoltaic array model. The model's equations are provided in full, and experimental data is used to validate the model. Finally, some examples of simulations are shown. Power electronics researchers and designers that require a simple and efficient method for modeling and simulating solar arrays will find this study to be helpful. 5. Maximum power point tracking scheme for PV systems operating under partially shaded conditions. H Patel, V Agarwal IEEE transactions on industrial electronics 55.4 (2008): 1689-1698.. The temperature, sun insolation, shading, and array arrangement all have an impact on a photovoltaic (PV) array's performance.This research proposes a modeling and simulation technique based on MATLAB that may be used to examine the I-V and P-V characteristics of a PV array under partial shade, which results in non-uniform insolation. Additionally, it can be applied to the development and assessment of novel maximum power point tracking methods, particularly in partially shaded environments. 9/7/2024 16

17. RESULTS 9/7/2024 17

18. V-I curve of PV module 9/7/2024 18

19. P-V curve of PV module 9/7/2024 19

20. Effect of variation of irradiation on I-V characteristics 9/7/2024 20

21. Effect of variation of irradiation on P-V characteristics 9/7/2024 21

22. Effect of variation of temperature on I-V characteristics 9/7/2024 22

23. Effect of variation of temperature on P-V characteristics 9/7/2024 23

24. V-I characteristics in partial shading condition 9/7/2024 24

25. P-V characteristics in partial shading condition 9/7/2024 25

26. Output power of PV module after MPPT 9/7/2024 26

27. Output voltage of PV module after MPPT 9/7/2024 27

28. Turbine Power characteristics (pitch angle beta=0°) 9/7/2024 28

29. Three phase line output voltage of PMSG 9/7/2024 29

30. Output power of wind system after MPPT 9/7/2024 30

31. Output voltage of wind system at MPP 9/7/2024 31

32. charging characteristics of battery 9/7/2024 32

33. Discharging characteristics of battery 9/7/2024 33

34. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE SCOPE PV cell, module and array are simulated and effect of environmental conditions on their characteristics is studied. Wind energy system has been studied . Maximum power point of operation is tracked for both the systems using P&O algorithm have been studied. Both the systems are integrated and the hybrid system is used for battery charging and discharging . FUTURE SCOPE MPPT can be tracked using different algorithms and optimization. Battery charge controller can be designed for more reliable operation and better battery life. 9/7/2024 34