Monocytosis

by hafiz m Waseem university of education Lahore

1. HAFIZ M WASEEM UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION LAHORE

2. Topic Monocytosis

3. Contents Monocytosis Differences b/w monoblast and promonocytes
Development Function of monocytosis Causes of monocytosis Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment References

4. Monocytosis It is the increase in number of Moncytes circulating in the blood
Monocytes are white blood cells that give rise to macrophages and dendritic cells in the immune system.
In humans:
monocytosis occurs when there is a sustained rise in monocyte counts greater than 800/mm3 to 1000/mm3.

5. Contents

6. Monoblast Monoblasts  are the committed progenitor cells that differentiated from myeloid stem cell in the process of hematopoiesis. They are normally found in bone marrow and do not appear in the normal peripheral blood. They mature into monocytes which, in turn, develop into macrophages.

7. Monoblast and promoNocytes Monoblasts and promonocytes are the monocyte precursors that are considered blasts/blast equivalents. Monoblasts typically have round or oval nuclei with finely dispersed Immature chromatin, prominent nucleoli, and moderate amounts of basophilic cytoplasm, with absent to rare azurophilic granules. Promonocytes: Although similarly having immature chromatin and visible nucleoli, are differentiated from monoblasts by having a slightly convoluted or gently folded nucleus. monocytes with immature‐appearing chromatin but with prominent nuclear folds or convolutions.

8. Promomoblast and monoblast

9. Development Monocytes  are produced by the bone marrow from precursors called monoblasts, bipotent cells that differentiated from hematopoietic stem cells.

10. Functions of monocytosis Monocytes are a critical component of the innate immune system. They are the source of many other vital elements of the immune system, such as macrophages and dendritic cells. Monocytes play a role in both the inflammatory and anti-inflammatory processes that take place during an immune response.

11. How does monocytosis protect the body? Monocytes are a type of white blood cell. Like other white blood cells, monocytes are important in the immune system's ability to destroy invaders
It also in facilitating healing and repair. Monocytes are formed in the bone marrow and are released into peripheral blood, where they circulate for several days.

12. What is the effect of high monocytosis? Monocytes and other kinds of white blood cells are necessary to help the body fight disease and infection . Low levels: can result from certain medical treatments or bone marrow problems . high levels can indicate the presence of chronic infections or an autoimmune disease

13. Causes of monocytosis An increased percentage of monocytes may be due to:
Chronic inflammatory disease.
Leukemia.
Parasitic infection.
Tuberculosis, or TB (bacterial infection that involves the lungs)
Viral infection (for example, infectious mononucleosis, mumps, measles)

14. Causes of monocytosis Neutropenia and bone marrow recovery
Chronic infections (eg, viral, tuberculosis, malaria, subacute bacterial endocarditis, and congenital syphilis)
Immune/inflammatory disorders (eg, collagen vascular diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, sarcoidosis, and immune thrombocytopenia)
Myocardial infarction

15. What are the symptoms of high monocytes? These monocytes can settle in the spleen or liver, enlarging these organs. An enlarged spleen (called splenomegaly) can cause pain in the upper left part of the belly (abdomen)

16. Diagnosis Blood Test (CBC) (Normal range of Monocytes: 1-10%) (Normal range in males: 0.2-0.8 x 10 3 /microliter) Blood test checking for monocytosis (Abnormal ranges: >10%) (Abnormal range in males: >0.8 x 10 3 /microliter)

17. Why are monocytosis tested? Treatment of monocytosis: Monocytosis itself is a sign only and does not require treatment . This test is used to evaluate and manage blood disorders, certain problems with the immune system, and cancers, including monocytic leukaemia. This test may also be used to evaluate for the risk of complications after a heart attack

18. References ^  " monocytosis " at  Dorland's Medical Dictionary ^   Rice, Lawrence; Jung, Moonjung (2018).  "Neutrophilic Leukocytosis, Neutropenia, Monocytosis, and Monocytopenia" . In Hoffman, Ronald; Benz, Edward J.; Heslop, Helen; Silberstein, Leslie E.; Weitz, Jeffrey; Anastasi, John (eds.). Hematology. pp. 675–681.  doi : 10.1016/B978-0-323-35762-3.00048-2 .  ISBN   978-0-323-35762-3 .