Mood stabilizer Antimanic drug powerpoint

**Mood Stabilizers and Antimanic Agents: A Comprehensive Guide**

This comprehensive PowerPoint presentation provides a thorough overview of mood stabilizers and antimanic agents, which are essential in the treatment and management of mood disorders, particularly bipolar disorder. The presentation is designed to educate healthcare professionals, students, and educators on the various aspects of these medications, including their mechanisms of action, clinical applications, potential side effects, and monitoring requirements.

Mood stabilizers are a class of medications used to treat mood disorders by stabilizing mood swings and preventing the recurrence of manic and depressive episodes. Commonly used mood stabilizers include lithium, valproate, and lamotrigine. This presentation delves into the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of these drugs, explaining how they work at the biochemical level to achieve mood stabilization.

Lithium, one of the oldest and most well-known mood stabilizers, is effective in reducing the frequency and severity of manic episodes. It works by affecting neurotransmitter levels and enhancing neuronal resilience. Valproate, another widely used mood stabilizer, is particularly effective in treating rapid-cycling bipolar disorder and mixed episodes. It functions by increasing gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in the brain, which has a calming effect on neuronal activity. Lamotrigine, often used for the prevention of depressive episodes in bipolar disorder, works by inhibiting voltage-sensitive sodium channels, thereby stabilizing neuronal membranes and preventing excessive firing.

Antimanic agents, which are sometimes referred to as antipsychotics when used to treat mania, play a crucial role in controlling acute manic episodes. These medications include olanzapine, risperidone, and quetiapine. Antimanic agents work by modulating the activity of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin in the brain. For instance, olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic that works by antagonizing dopamine and serotonin receptors, which helps in reducing manic symptoms and improving overall mood stability.

The presentation also addresses the potential side effects and monitoring requirements associated with the use of mood stabilizers and antimanic agents. Common side effects of lithium include weight gain, tremors, and hypothyroidism, while valproate can cause gastrointestinal disturbances, liver toxicity, and pancreatitis. Lamotrigine is generally well-tolerated but can cause a severe skin rash known as Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Regular monitoring of blood levels and organ function is essential to ensure the safe use of these medications.

Additionally, the presentation highlights the importance of individualized treatment plans and the role of healthcare professionals in managing and monitoring patients on these medications. It discusses strategies for enhancing patient adherence to treatment,

1. MOOD STABILIZER antimanic drug prepared by Ms Anjali Samson Nursing Tutor

2. Mood stabilisers are psychiatric drugs  that are licensed as part of the long-term treatment for: bipolar disorder (manic depression) mania and hypomania sometimes recurrent severe  depression. Some of the individual drugs we call mood stabilisers are actually very different chemical substances from each other. But health care professionals often group them together, because they can all help to stabilise your mood if you experience mood swings between extreme highs and lows. INTRODUCTION

3. Some commonly used mood stabilizers are: Lithium Carbamazepine Sodium Valproate COMMON MOOD STABILIZERS

4. Acute mania Prophylaxis for bipolar and unipolar mood disorder Schizoaffective disorders Cyclothymia Impulsive and aggression psychosis with epilepsy schizoaffective disorders borderline personality disorder INDICATIONS

5. Cardiac, renal, thyroid or neurological dysfunction . Presence of blood dyscrasias. During first trimester of pregnancy and lactation. Severe dehydration Hypothyroidism History of seizures CONTRAINDICATIONS

6. Lithium :- 0.8-1.2mEq/L Carbamazepine:- 600-1800mg/oral in divided doses. Sodium valporate:- 15mg/kg/day with max. Of 60mg/kg/day . DOSAGES

7. Lithium: - Accelerates presynaptic reuptake and destruction of catecholamine, like norepinephrine. Inhibit the release of catecholamine at the synapse. Decrease postsynaptic serotonin receptor sensitivity Carbamazepine: - Its anticonvulsant action may, however, be by decreasing synaptic transmission in the CNS. Sodium valporate: - The drug act on gamma-aminobutyric acid, inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitter GABA receptor activation serves to reduce neuronal excitability. MECHANISM OF ACTION

8. Neurological- Tremors, motor hyperactivity, muscular weakness, seizures, neurotoxicity etc Renal- Polydipsia, polyuria, tubular enlargement, nephritic syndrome. Cardiovascular- T-wave depression Gastrointestinal- Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain Dermatological- Acne form eruptions, popular eruptions and exacerbation of psoriasis. SIDE EFFECT

9. Discontinue the drug immediately -Instruct the patient ingest fluids. -Assess serum lithium level, serum electrolyte level, renal functions, ECG -Maintenance of fluid and electrolytes balance. -In case of severe lithium toxicity haemodialysis initiated. -Advise patient to take the drugs immediately after food to decrease GI irritation. -Advise regular follow up and periodic examination of blood count, hepatic function and thyroid function. MANAGEMENT

10. What is the usual dose of lithium?   What are the neurological conditions occurs as a side effect of mood stabilizers ?   List out the common mood stabilizers drugs.   What procedure can be done in case of severe lithium toxicity?   How sodium valporate work in the body system explain through the MOA. QUESTIONS