Morphology of fruits

Different morphological types of fruits in angiosperms

1. Created by using various internet
MORPHOLOGY OF
FRUITS
Created by using various internet
Resources
for Educational Purpose only
by
Dr. M. JayakaraBhandary
Associate Professor of Botany
Government College
Karwar-581301
Photo: Dinesh Nayak Vittla

2. A mature or ripened ovary formed
after fertilization is called fruit.
Ovary wall –Pericarp
What is a fruit?
Ovary wall –Pericarp
Ovule-seed

3. Parts of Fruits
Fruit Fruit
Ripened ovary
Pericarp Pericarp
Covering of ovary
EpicarpEpicarp
Outermost
MesocarpMesocarp
Middle layer
Endocarp Endocarp
Innermost layer
Seed Seed
Ovule development

4. Types of Fruits
1.True fruits
MOvary of the flowers grows into the
fruit.
2.Peudo-fruits/False fruits2.Peudo-fruits/False fruits
MIt is often found that other floral parts
such as thalamus, receptacle or calyx,
may grow and form a part of fruit.

5. Types of the fruits
•Depending upon the number of
fruits developing from a flower
(which depends on number of (which depends on number of
carpelspresent in the flowers),
the fruits are classified:

6. Fruit
Simple fruit
Aggregate
fruit
Composite/
multiple
fruit
Fleshy
fruit
Dry fruit
Dehiscen
t
Indehiscen
t
Schizocarpi
c
fruit

7. Types of Fruits

8. Simple Fruits
•Single fruit from a flower
–Dry simple
•Dry Dehiscent –dehisce automatically
–Legume
–Follicle
–Siliqua
–Capsule
•Dry Indehiscent-no dehiscence
–Caryopsis –Caryopsis
–Achene
–Samara
–Cypsella
–Nut
•Schizocarpic–splitting to many one seeded
bits
–Lomentum
–Cremocarp
–Regma

9. Simple Fruits contd….
•Fleshy simple Fruits
–Drupes
–Berry
–Pepo–Pepo
–Pome
–Hesperidium

10. Aggregate Fruits
•Flowers with many
apocarpous(free)
ovaries –many fruits
from a single flower:
–Aggregate/Etaerioof
Follicles Follicles
–Aggregate/Etaerioof
Achenes
–Aggregate/Etaerioof
Drupes
–Aggregate/Etaerioof
Berries

11. Composite or Multiple Fruits
•One fruit from an entire
inflorescence
–Sorosis–from
spadix/spike spadix/spike
inflorescences (Jackfruit,
Pineapple)
–Syconus–from
hypanthodium(Eg. Fig)

12. Legume
From monocarpellery,
single chambered Ovary.
Seeds in marginal
placentation.
Splits along both
margins.

13. Follicle
Dry monocarpellary, single
chambered,
burst from one suture ,
Ex. Calotropis

14. Siliqua
Split from
below
upwards,
Seeds attached
to central to central
Replum
Ex. Mustard

15. Silicula
A short siliqua
Ex. Shepherds Ex. Shepherds
purse

16. Capsule
Multilocular, many
seeded fruit.
From bi- From bi-
polycarpellary
syncarpousovary.
Different types
based nature of
dehiscence

19. Caryopsis
One seeded fruit
from
monocarpellery
ovary. ovary.
Pericarpfused
with testa.
Ex. Paddy, Grass
fruits

21. Achene
One seeded fruit
from
monocarpellery monocarpellery
ovary.
Pericarpfree from
testa.
Ex. Mirabilis

22. Samara
•Winged fruits
one /two seeded fruits
with flattened wing like
out growths
Ex. Terminalia Ex. Terminalia

23. Cypsella
•One seeded
fruit from an
inferior Ovary
•Ex. Sunflower •Ex. Sunflower

24. Nut
•One
seeded
fruit with
a hard
covering

25. SchizocarpicFruits
•Lomentum
–Splitting into
many one
seeded pieces
Intermediate between dehiscent and indehiscent
seeded pieces
–Ex: Mimosa,
Ground nut

26. Cremocarp
From bicarpellarysyncarpous
bilocularovary,
2 chambered fruit –one seed in
each chamber. each chamber.
Splits into two pieces called
mericarpswhich remain attached
to a central stalk called
carpophore.
Ex. Coriandrum, Fennel

27. Regma
From trilocularovary,
3-chambered with
seeds in axile
placentation.
Each chamber with Each chamber with
single seed separates,
Remains attached to
the central
carpophore.
Ex. Castor

29. Fleshy Fruits -Drupes

32. Berry

34. Pepo

36. Hesperidium

38. Aggregate of Follicles

39. Aggregate of Berries

40. Multiple/composite fruit
MComposed of a number of closely associated
flowers aggregate together is called multiple fruit.
1. Sorosis
MDeveloping from spike in which flowers fused by
sepals and becomes woody.
MPineappleMPineapple
2. Syconus
MDeveloping from hypanthodium, pear-shaped which
encloses number of minute male and female
flowers.
MBanyan, peepul, fig.