morphology of micro-organisms

a brief description of morphology of micro-organisms with a comprehensive illustration or diagrams..enjoy

1. Introduction to microbiology.
Morphology of microorganisms
Vinnitsa National Pirogov Memorial Medical
University/ Department of microbiology

2. Microbiology is a great complex of biological
sciences about microorganisms
Branches of microbiology
Basic or general microbiology
Industrial microbiology and biotechnology
Pharmaceutical microbiology
Agricultural microbiology
Veterinary microbiology
Sanitary microbiology (microbiology of food,
water, soil and air)
Medical microbiology

4. Medical microbiology

5. Taxonomy of microorganisms
Classification
Nomenclature (binominal
system )
Systematic

6. Ranks of hierarchical arrangement

7. Main methods of classification

8. Intraspecies classification
Biotype
Serotype

Phagotype

9. Present classification of microorganisms
Cellular microorganisms non-cellular
microorganisms
Superkingdom
Eucaryotae Procaryotae
Kingdom
Animalia Fungi Eubacteriae
Protozoa
Kingdom
Vira
Canonical viruses
Non-canonical viruses

10. Methods of morphology investigation
Light microscopy :
Immersion microscopy
Dark-field microscopy
Phase-contrast microscopy

Electron microscopy
Luminescent microscopy

11. Main morphological signs of micro-
organisms
Shape
Size
Cell arrangement
Tinctorial properties
Structure:
Capsule
Structure of cell wall
Flagella
Endospores

12. Cocci.
Micrococci
Diplococci
Tetracocci
Streptococci
Sarcinae
Staphylococci

13. Rod-shaped forms
Bacteria
Bacilli
Clostridia

14. Spiral-shaped bacteria.
Vibrio
Spirilla
Spirochaetes
Thread-shaped bacteria

15. Main differences of the cell structure
Type of cell procaryotes eucaryotes
size 1-10 µm 10-100 µm
genom
exhibited
Nucleoid is not
separeted from
cytoplasm
1 chromosome (circular)
Nucleus
Have a nuclear membrane
A few chromosomes
(linear)
Mitochondria absent present
Apparatus Golgi absent present
Endoplasmatic
reticulum
absent present
ribosome Within cytoplasm 70S
(50S+30S)
into ЕPR 80S
(60S+40S)
Cell wall peptidoglycane cellulose
endospores + —

16. Structure of the bacteria
Cell envelope:
- capsule
- Cell wall
- Cytoplasmic membrane
Outside appendages:
- flagella
- Pili or fimbria
Inside structure:
- cytoplasm
- nucleoid
- ribosomes
- mesosomes
- Intracellular inclusion

17. Features of the structure Gram-
positive cell wall

18. Feature of the structure Gram-
negative cell envelope

19. Flagella

20. Motile bacteria may be divided into:
1.Creeping
2.Swimming
•(1) monotrichous,
•(2) amphitrichous,
•(3) lophotrichous,
•(4) peritrichous

22. Pili or fimbriae

1. Common-pili
2. F – pili or sex-pili

23. Methods for flagella revealing
Direct methods (microscopy)
Indirect methods
wet-mount
hanging-drop techniques

24. Intracytoplasmatic inclusions.
Volutin granules

25. EndosporesEndospores

27. Historical development of microbiology
Period before microorganisms were seen
Micrographic period (from the middle of 17th century
to the middle of 18th century ; A.van Leeuwenhoek )
Physiological period (19th century: L. Pasteur, R.
Koch)
Immunological period (first part of 20th century:
G.Bordet, I.I.Metchnikoff, P.Ehrlich, D.I.Ivanowsky):
development of immunology and the start of
development of the virology)
Modern (now-day) period (development of molecular
immunology, genetic engineering, immunochemistry,
microbial genetics and other parts of microbiology)

28. Antony van Leeuwenhoek
(1632-1723)
He was the first person who observed and
described microorganisms (he named
their as “animalcules”)
He constructed first microscope with
magnification about 50 to 300 times

29. Louis Pasteur (1822-1895)
He established that fermentation was the result
of microbial activity
He introduced techniques of sterilization and
made steam sterilizer, hot air oven, and
autoclave
He showed that microorganisms do not arise by
spontaneous generation
He elaborated methods of pathogenic
microorganisms attenuation
He developed rabies vaccine and anthrax one

30. Robert Koch (1843-1910)
He elaborated methods of staining and cultivation of
microorganisms
He discovered causative agents of anthrax (1877),
cholera (1883) and tubercle bacillus (1882)
He proposed techniques for pure culture isolation
He elaborated criteria for proving relationship between a
microorganism and a specific diseases (Koch's
postulates)
The microorganism must be present in every case of the disease
but absent in healthy organism
The suspected microorganism must be isolated and grown in a
pure culture
The same disease must result when the isolated microorganism
is inoculated into a healthy host
The same microorganism must be isolated again from the
diseased host