morphology of root.ppt

root

1. Morphology of Root
KalariyaManishaV.
M. Pharm(Herbal Drug Technology)
B.K.M.G.P.C., Rajkot

2. Morphologydealswiththestudyofforms
andfeaturesofdifferentplantorganssuch
asroots,stems,leaves,flowers,seedsand
fruits.
Itincludesshape,size,colour,odour,taste
etc.ofvariousplantorganstheir
modification.
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Introduction

3. Introduction
Therootisdescendingorganoftheplant,
andisoriginallythedirectprolongationof
radicleoftheembryo.
Itgrowsdownwards,fixestheseedlingand
latertheplantasawholetotheground,
andabsorbrawfoodmaterialsfromthe
soilparticles.
Itisnongreenincolor,withoutnodesand
internodes,withnoleavesorbuds.
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4. Region of root
Rootcap
Thetipoftherootis
coveredbyacaplike
structurecalledtheroot
cap.
Itprotectsthedelicate
growingpointofroot
Eg.Banyanroot
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5. Different kinds of root
Normalroot
Alltherootswhichariseatthe
baseofthestemfromthe
radiclearecallednormalroots.
Adventitiousroot
Rootswhichdonotarisefrom
theirnormalpointoforigini.e.
formthebaseofthestembut
theyareproducedfrompartof
stem,branchorleaf.
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6. Kinds of root system
Taproot
Whenthemainrootis
thedirectprolongation
oftheradicleiscalled
primaryroot.
Iftheprimaryroot
continuetogrow
strongerthanits
secondarybranchesis
calledtaproot
Eg.Daturaroot
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7. Kinds of root system
Fibrousbranchingtaproot
Whentheprimaryrootis
shortandlateralrootsare
thin,long,andfibrousis
calledfibrousbranchingtap
root.
Eg.Sunflowerroot
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8. Kinds of root system
Fibrousroot
Whenthereisnotap
rootbutalargenumber
offibrousrootarise
fromthebaseofthe
stemiscalledfibrous
root.
Eg.Grass
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9. Functions of root
Mechanical
Fixationofplantintothesoil.
Physiological
Absorptionofwater,mineralsandrawmaterialfrom
thesoil.
Specialfunctions
Storageoffood,waterandothermaterials.Eg.carrot,
beet
Somerootprovidesupport.Eg.Banyan
Respiratoryfunction
Therootofgulveldophotosynthesis
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10. Modification of tap root for
storage
Conical
Whentherootisbroad
atthebaseand
gradually tapers
towardstheapexlike
coneiscalledconical
root
Eg.Carrot
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11. Modification of tap root for
storage
Fusiform
Whenitisswollenin
themiddleand
graduallytaperatthe
bothend.
Eg.Raddish
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12. Modification of tap root for
storage
Napiform
Whenitisconsiderably
broadattheupperpart
thenbecomerounded
andabruptlytapering
towardsthelowerend.
Eg.Beet
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13. Branched root modified for respiration
Pneumatophoresroot
Plantsgrowinginmarshyplacesand
saltlakes,developspecialkindof
rootsforbreathing,called
‘pneumatophores’orrespiratory
roots.
Theserootriseverticallyupwards&
comeoutofthewaterlikeconical
spikesaroundthetrees.
Theserootareprovidedwith
numerousporestowardtheupper
end,called‘lenticels’.
Lenticelsthroughwhichairistaken
inforrespiration.Eg.Rhizophora
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14. Modification of adventitious
root for storage
Tuberousroot
Adventitiousrootsare
generallyfineandfibrousas
ingrassbutoftenthey
becomethick,swollenand
fleshybystorageoffood
material.
Theyarewithoutany
definiteshapeandproduced
singly.
Eg.Sweetpotato
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15. Modification of adventitious
root for storage
Fasciculatedtuberousroot
Whenlargenumberofroots
arearisesfromthecommon
pointatthebaseofthestem
andallbecomefleshyand
swollen.
Eg.Asparagusroot
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16. Modification of adventitious
root for storage
Palmatedtuberousroot
Whenadoubletuberous
rootgivesoutbranching
processlikethefinger
fromthepalm.
Eg.Orchis
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17. Nodulousroot
Whentheslenderroot
becomessuddenly
swollenattheapex,it
issaidtobenodulose
root.
Eg.Turmeric,Arrow
root
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Modification of adventitious
root for storage

18. MoniliformorBeaded
root
Whentherearesome
swellingsintheroot
atfrequentintervals,
itiscalledas
‘moniliform’ or
‘beaded’roots.
Eg.Indianspinach,
Bittergourd
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Modification of adventitious
root for storage

19. Annulatedroots
Whentherootshavea
seriesofring-like
swellingonitsbody,
itiscalledas
‘annulated’.
Eg.Ipecac
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Modification of adventitious
root for storage

20. Modification of adventitious
root for mechanical support
Proporstiltroot
Ano.ofrootsareproducedfrom
themainstemorbranchesand
growverticallyorobliquely
downwardsandpenetrateintothe
soil.
Graduallytheygetstouterandact
aspillarsforsupportingthemain
stemorwholeplant.Suchroots
areknownasproporstiltroot.
Eg.Banyan
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21. Modification of adventitious
root for mechanical support
Climbingroot
The plantproduce
climbingrootformtheir
nodes and often
internodes,bymeansof
which theyattach
themselvestotheirsupport
andclimbit.
Eg.Piperbetel
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22. Modification of adventitious
root for vital functions
Suckingrootsorhaustoria
Therearesomeplantswhich
growonthebranchesofthe
otherplantandobtaintheirfood
bysendingspecialrootscalled
thesuckingrootsorhaustroia
intothesubstanceofthehost
plantsandabsorbthe
nourishmentformthem.Such
plantsarecalledparasitic
plants.
Eg.Cuscuta
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23. Modification of adventitious
root for vital functions
Respiratoryroots
Inaquaticplants,the
floatingbranchesdevelop
adventitiousroots,which
aresoft,light,spongyand
colourless.
Theydevelopabovethe
levelofwaterandserveto
storeairandfacilitate
respiration.
Eg.Jussiaearepens
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RR

24. Modification of adventitious
root for vital functions
Epiphyticroots
Theorchidswhichgrowon
branchesoftrees,Suchplantsare
knownasepiphytes.
Theyneversuckthesupporting
plants.
Theydevelopspecialrootswhich
hungfreelyintheair.
Eachhangingrootsare
surroundedbyspongytissue
called‘velamen’.Withthese,the
hangingrootabsorbsmoisture
fromtheair.
Eg.vanda
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25. Modification of adventitious
root for vital functions
Assimilatoryroots
Branchesoftinospora
climbing on
neighbouringtrees
producelong,slender,
hangingrootswhich
developchlorophyll
andturngreenin
colour.Thesegreen
rootsareassimilatory
roots.
Eg.Chestnut
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26. Questions asked in GTU Exam
What is morphology? Define root and add
note on modification of roots for storage.
(GTU’10)
Define terms with suitable examples for: 1)
Breathing roots, 2) Stilt root, 3) Parasitic
root, 4) Tap root. (GTU’10)
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