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1. MORTAR BY ADITI GUPTA MEHAL KATYAL AURNAV NANDA HARDIK KHURANA

2. MORTAR Mortar is a bonding agent which is generally produced by mixing cementing or binding material (lime or cement) and fine aggregate (sand, surki , sawdust, etc.) with water. Mortar is used to bind different building blocks like  bricks, stones, etc. Mortar is produced by mixing a binding material (cement or lime) with fine aggregate with water. For construction purpose, different types of mortar are used. The different types of mortar depend upon the materials used in it while mixing. Types are: 1. cement mortar 2.lime mortar 3. surki mortar 4.gauged mortar 5. mud mortar

3. MIXING OF MORTAR First cement and sand are mixed together before adding of water the color of mixture will change gradually as cement is mixed Then water is been added but dirty water should not be =used as it could impair the final strength Similarly, any sugar containing liquid should be kept far away form it as a small amount can also impair the setting ability If any additives are been used, they are added with water first then to the dry mix

4. Then it is mixed continuously until the required consistency is attained The mortar should be thoroughly mixed like a whipped cream if its too wet then it’s a mess and too dry its hard to work with There are other ways to mix mortar like with machines For machine mixture ingredients are added in small sets for thorough mixture

5. USES OF MORTAR It uses to distribute in uniform load over the lower bricks. Mortars used to form soft layers from bricks and stones in masonry work. It also used to bind the bricks and stones with each other. It also provides water lightness against the weather. Mortars use as the plaster or impermeable covering for walls and roofs. For various types of painting work to protect the joints of bricks. It uses to hide the open joints of brickwork and stonework.

6. Mortars use to repair cracks of any structure. It uses to improve the general appearance of the structure. It also uses for various ornamental works to improve the general appearance of a building or structure. We use different ratios of cement : sand for different purpose like:- Brick masonary - 1:6 Ceiling plaster- 1:3 External wall plaster-1:4 Internal-1:3 Stone masonry-1:2 Beam or lintel-1:2:4 (1 part cement 2 part sand and 4 part aggregate)

7. PROPERTIES OF A GOOD MORTAR The main quality that mortar should possess is adhesion. Good mortar should provide good adhesion to building units (bricks, Stones etc). Mortar should be water resistant. It should have the capability of resisting the penetration of water. Deformability of mortar should be low. Mortar should be cheap. Mortar should be easily workable in the site condition. The mobility of mortar should be good. It helps the mortar to be paved thinly and evenly. It should possess high durability. To improve the speed of construction, good mortar should set quickly. Cracks should not be developed in the joint formed by mortar.

8. CEMENT MORTAR Cement mortar is a type of mortar where cement is used as binding material and sand is used as fine aggregate. Depending upon the desired strength, the cement to the sand proportion of cement mortar varies from 1:2 to 1:6.

9. LIME MORTAR Lime mortar is a type of mortar where lime (fat lime or hydraulic lime) is used as binding material and sand is used as fine aggregate. The lime to the sand proportion of cement mortar is kept 1:2. The pyramids at Giza are plastered with lime mortar.

10. GAUGED MORTAR Gauged mortar is a type of mortar where cement and lime both are used as binding material and sand is used as fine aggregate. Basically, it is a lime mortar where cement is added to gain higher strength. The process is known as gauging. The cement to the lime proportion varies from 1:6 to 1:9.

11. SURKI MORTAR Surki mortar is a type of mortar where lime is used as binding material and surki is used as fine aggregate. Surki mortar is economic.

12. MUD MORTAR Mud mortar is a type of mortar where mud is used as binding material and sawdust, rice husk or cow-dung is used as fine aggregate. Mud mortar is useful where lime or cement is not available.

13. PLASTER OF PARIS Plaster of Paris was invented by the early Egyptians. It was used on most of the Egyptian tombs as a piece of decoration. Later on, it was used by the Greeks in homes, temples and other places However, later due to the large deposit of Gypsum in Paris, the product came to be known by the name of Paris. It was widely used in homes as it is an excellent fire proofing material.

14. It is widely used as a building material due to its ingrained features. It tends to increase the fire resistance of a structure. It releases water vapor when the plaster burns and thereby controls the spread of fire. This product is even coated on various construction materials such as wood and metal.

15. USES OF PLASTER OF PARIS It is used in the field of art to manufacture metal castings and sculptures. It is also used to make molds which are highly durable as it has the ability to withstand high temperature. It is also used in majority of the architectural frames as it adds to the beauty of the structures.

16. It is used to create false ceilings in buildings. Window frames and doorways can be molded easily with the use of these products. It is extensively used in the field of medicine to create hard casts for broken limbs. It is also used to make different types of objects by pouring the plaster into any plastic mold .

17. CURE OF MORTAR Curing is an integral part of the process of working with mortar, cement and concrete. Mortar is mixed with water to make it workable and help it bond to brick, stone and block. After the mortar is in place, it begins to dry as the moisture in it evaporates. The more slowly this process happens, the stronger the resulting mortar is. Curing methods help to slow down the drying of the mortar, resulting in a stronger bond and more durable structure.

18. THINGS YOU WILL NEED Slow the drying of the mortar when working with brick by soaking the bricks overnight before using them. This technique supplies a reservoir of water in the pores of each brick that will seep into the mortar over time, prolonging its drying time. Keep the mortar wet by spraying it with a hose every few hours for several days. Set the nozzle to a light setting that will mist the mortar rather than a setting that will hit the mortar with a strong jet of water

19. Retain moisture in the mortar by covering its surface with a wet, absorbent material such as burlap or an old sheet. This method can be combined with Step 1 to keep the mortar consistently damp for days. Hang a piece of plastic over the mortar to keep the water that is in it from evaporating too quickly. This method can be combined with Step 1 by lifting up the plastic and lightly spraying the mortar underneath it every few hours

20. THE DRIP CAP Curing is an integral part of the process of working with mortar, cement and concrete.  This technique supplies a reservoir of water in the pores of each brick that will seep into the mortar over time, prolonging its drying time This method can be combined with Step 1 by lifting up the plastic and lightly spraying the mortar underneath it every few hours.

21. HOW LONG DOES MORTAR TAKE TO CURE? As construction projects progress, it can be exciting to reach the final stages. Applying finishing touches to newly reconstructed or refurbished surfaces results in eye catching aesthetics. Mortaring tiles or other masonry, adds a final polish to all your hard work. Just like concrete, mortar requires careful planning and execution to make sure you achieve the ideal cure strength and a strong finish. Let’s take a closer look at what affects mortar cure time and the strengths of different mortars.