MOTIVATION: THEORIES AND CASE STUDY

CONTENTS:
1. Concept, Nature and Significance
2. Maslow's Hierarchy Need Theory
3. Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene Theory
4. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Rewards
5. Porter and Lawler's Model
6. Equity Theory
7. Financial and Non Financial Incentives
8. Case Study: Kellogg's

1. MOTIVATION GROUP 2 TEAM MEMBERS TANRAJ SINGH ARORA 203006 PRABAL NEGI 203012 AVNI JAIN 203048 TANISHA JAIN 203096 TANISHA PATNAIK 203105 ISHAAN KAINTURA 203109 VANSH KOHLI 203131

2. TABLE OF CONTENTS 05 06 07 08 PORTER AND LAWLER’S THEORY EQUITY THEORY FINANCIAL AND NON FINANCIAL INCENTIVES CASE STUDY: KELLOGG’S 01 02 03 04 INTRODUCTION: MOTIVATION MASLOW’S NEED HIERARCHY THEORY HERZBERG’S MOTIVATION-HYGIENE MODEL INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC REWARDS

3. WHAT IS MOTIVATION ?

4. 01 MOTIVATION MOTIVATION

5. NATURE & SIGNIFICANCE OF MOTIVATION NATURE Motivation is a psychological phenomenon which generates within an individual. A person feels the lack of certain needs, to satisfy which he feels working more. SIGNIFICANCE Improves Performance Level Helps to change negative or Indifferent attitude of employees Reduction in Employee Turnover Helps to Reduce Absenteeism in Employees

6. 02 MASLOW’S NEED HIERARCHY THEORY

7. MASLOW’S NEED HIERARCHY THEORY Motivation is a highly complex , many researchers have studied about motivation from several dimensions and developed some theories. Maslow’s Need of Hierarchy Theory is considered fundamental to understanding a motivation. Abraham Maslow , a well known Psychologist in a classic paper published in 1943 , outlined the elements of an overall theory of motivation . His theory was based on human needs.

8. THIS THEORY IS REPRESENTED IN 5 WAYS :

9. Researchers have proved that there is lack of hierarchical structure of needs as suggested by Maslow. Need and satisfaction of needs is a psychological feeling . Sometimes even the person may not be aware about his own needs. Another problem with Maslow’s theory of motivation is the Operationalisation of some of his concepts which makes it difficult for the researchers to test his theory. For instance, how does one measure self actualisation? CRITICISMS OF MASLOW’S THEORY

10. 03 HERZBERG’S MOTIVATION- HYGIENE MODEL

11. FREDRICK HERZBERG’S RESEARCH Herzberg conducted his research based on the interview of 200 Engineers and Accountants to describe their good and bad experiences at work.

12. MOTIVATING AND HYGIENE FACTORS He established the independence of the terms satisfaction and dissatisfaction. Herzberg also propagated that today’s motivators are tomorrow’s hygiene.

13. CRITICISMS OF HERZBERG’S MODEL Limited Study Methodology Job Enrichment

14. COMPARISON OF HERZBERG AND MASLOW’S MODELS

15. 04 INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC REWARDS Intrinsic motivators Internally generated Associated with task or job itself Extrinsic motivators Externally generated Usually contingency based

16. RELATION BETWEEN INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC REWARDS

17. 05 PORTER AND LAWLER’S MOTIVATION MODEL

18. VROOM’S EXPECTANCY THEORY

19. 06 EQUITY MODEL

20. > Equity theory of motivation was proposed John Stacy Adams in 1963. > The Equity Theory of Motivation deals with the way people compare the value of themselves to others in similar work situations based on their inputs and outputs. > The theory assumes that people’s motivation in an organization is based on the desire to be treated equally and fairly. > The higher an individual’s perception of equity, the motivated they will be and vice versa. EQUITY THEORY OF MOTIVATION

21. ADAM’S EQUITY THEORY

22. STRUCTURE OF EQUITY IN WORKPLACE

23. CONSEQUENCES OF INEQUITY Change their inputs Change their outcomes Distort perceptions of self Distort perception of others Leave the field

24. 07 FINANCIAL AND NON FINANCIAL INCENTIVES

25. —STEVE JOBS “The only way to do great work is to love what you do . If you haven’t found it yet, keep looking. Don’t settle.”

26. WHAT ARE INCENTIVES? An incentive is something that motivates or drives one to do something or behave in a certain way. There are two type of incentives that affect human decision making. TYPES OF INCENTIVES FINANCIAL INCENTIVES NON-FINANCIAL INCENTIVES

27. EXAMPLES

28. CASE STUDY

29. The Kellogg Company is the world’s leading producer of breakfast cereals. Its products are manufactured in 18 countries and sold in more than 180 countries. For more than 100 years, Kellogg's has been a leader in health and nutrition. It has done this by providing consumers with a wide variety of food products. Keeping everybody motivated no matter what their role is not easy. Kellogg's was recently placed in the top 100 of the Best Companies to Work For list in The Sunday Times. ABOUT

30. Kellogg’s suggestion box scheme: Snap Crackle and Save Weekly group huddles 'Fit for Life' programme Offered competitive salaries and encouraged to be creative. Open-plan lobby area with coffee bar Other initiatives within the organisation include: flexitime, home working, part-time working and job sharing career breaks, parental leave, time off for dependents and maternity and paternity leave on-site gyms or subsidised access to local facilities. POLICIES/ INITIATIVES WITHIN THE ORGANISATION

31. Building a better workplace through motivation

32. THANK YOU GROUP 2 TEAM MEMBERS TANRAJ SINGH ARORA 203006 PRABAL NEGI 203012 AVNI JAIN 203048 TANISHA JAIN 203096 TANISHA PATNAIK 203105 ISHAAN KAINTURA 203109 VANSH KOHLI 203131