Motivation THEORIES FOR DEGREE, IGCSE CLASSES ppt.pptx

MOTIVATION THEORIES

1. Motivation

2. Motivation * Integral part of the process of Direction * Means inspiring people to intensify their desire and willingness to execute their duties effectively for the accomplishment of objectives.

3. Carrot And Stick Theory This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

4. Theories of Motivation

5. Scientific Management – F W Taylor (1856-1915) First management consultant Father of Scientific Management Father of industrial Engineering This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

6. Techniques used Establishing an idea or hypothesis Studying and recording performance at work Altering working methods Rerecording of work performance Analysis of results thereof Hence “SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT”

7. Ways to improve productivity per worker Select workers to perform a task Observing their performance and note key elements Record time taken to do each task Identified the quickest method Train all workers to adhere to quickest method Supervise workers Pay workers on the basis of their results - Economic Man Approach

8. Results of Taylor’s work Emphasis on increasing efficiency and productivity Accepted widely till 1960

9. Human Relation Theory: Elton Mayo (1880-1949) Hawthorne experiment: * series of experiments were conducted to identify the influence of physical working conditions on the productivity. > Illumination Experiment > Relay assembly test room experiment > Mass interviewing Program

10. Conclusions Changes in working conditions and financial rewards have little effect on productivity Feedback from workers improves productivity Working in teams improves productivity Establishment of own standards and norms and influence of informal leaders. Management giving an opportunity to decide themselves regarding rest, tea breaks TEAM WORKING AND GROUP WORKING ARE APPLIED IN MODERN BUSINESS ENTREPRISES.

11. NEED HIERARCHY THEORY : Abraham H. Maslow (1908-1970)

12. Assumptions of the theory Hierarchical order: Basic to Higher needs Satisfied needs : No longer motivates Behaviour: It is based on needs. Limitations of the theory Not everyone has the same needs May not follow the sequence stated Self - Actualisation is never permanently achieved Difficult to identify the degree and intensity of a need

13. TWO FACTOR THEORY : HERZBERG (1923-2000)

14. David m c clelland’s Needs theory Need for Achievement : Do things better, take responsibility, accept challenges Need for Power: Gain control, influence, dominance Need for affiliation: Social recognition, friendly relations. McClelland firmly believed that “ achievement –motivated people” make better results

15. Thank you