MRAI Material Recycling Magazine – June 2024 Edition

The June 2024 issue of Material Recycling by MRAI highlights key developments in the recycling industry with a strong focus on sustainability. This edition covers pressing topics such as biomedical waste management in India, PET recycling trends, innovations in automobile circularity, and global recycling policies. It also features insights from industry leaders, interviews, data reports, and eco-art initiatives that promote awareness of e-waste. A must-read for professionals, policymakers, and businesses aiming to stay updated on recycling, waste management, and circular economy practices.

1. C
M
Y
CM
MY
CY
CMY
K
MRAI-Cover_JUNE2024.pdf 1 20-06-2024 15:46:32
JUNE24_ADS.indd 1 20-06-2024 15:47:47

4. C
M
Y
CM
MY
CY
CMY
K
Ad 01_New.pdf 1 08-01-2024 14:43:24
FEB24_ADS.indd 2 16-02-2024 12:10:37

5. C
M
Y
CM
MY
CY
CMY
K
03_GRMetal-ad-New.pdf 1 16-02-2024 12:22:02

6. 6 MATERIAL RECYCLING APRIL 2024
SENIOR EDITOR
Ayyappan V
SENIOR ASSISTANT EDITOR
Preeti Swaminathan
MARKETING
Amit Singh
DESIGN & EXECUTION
Yadunandan Someskar
Ashok B Dabhade
SUBSCRIPTION
Sajan Pagare
ACCOUNTS & ADVERTISING
Anil Borhade
PUBLISHER & PRINTER
Amar Singh
PRINTED AT:
Bharat Copy Center Private Limited.,
18/20 Gothis House, Police Court Lane,
Near Handloom House Fort,
Mumbai – 400001.
ADMINISTRATION & EDITORIAL OFFICE:
A-106, Dynasty Business Park,
A. K. Road, Andheri (E),
Mumbai 400 059.
PHONE: [phone]
E-MAIL: [email protected]
WEBSITE: www.mrai.org.in
SUBSCRIPTION RATES (ONE YEAR):
INLAND RS 2400
FOREIGN (AIR MAIL) US$ 35
All Rights Reserved. Reproduction without
prior permission of the publisher is
expressly prohibited. The publisher makes
every effort to ensure that the magazine’s
content is factually correct. However, we
accept no responsibility for any errors or
omissions and accept no oesponsibility for
any loss or damage caused as an effect
thereof.
The opinions expressed are strictly that of
the authors and in no way reflect that of
MRAI, publisher and printer.
VOLUME 6 l ISSUE 4 REGD. NO. MAHENG/2019/78435
aste. Recycling. Resource. These are the three magic
worlds that our life revolves around. That is why Global
Waste Management Outlook, the scientific global assess-
ment of the state of waste management by the Interna-
tional Resource Panel of the United Nations Environment
Programme assumes a lot of importance.
The flagship publication presents a stark picture of global inequality
with the growth story of global production and consumption of material
resources illustrated as the main driver of the triple planetary crisis. The
extract from the current edition of the report is a sample and it should
potentially guide you to the bible on resourcefulness of waste. Fetch it.
Talking about waste, and a waste that we seldom recognise but which
is all around, thanks to the galloping population, is the hospital waste. It
is increasingly contributing to the large pile of waste that is hazardous
and has the potential of nothing less than an epidemic. Our efforts will
help to sensitivize everybody to the hidden dangers, if the waste is not
addressed seriously and on an urgent basis.
Vishwanath Mallabadi Davangere is a Bangalore-based artist who is
using his ingenuity to turn even characterless mobile phones to an art
form. His beautiful installations across the city help to give out messag-
es to the society at large about the perils of mindless consumption and
over use.
The second edition of MRAI’s International Business Summit at Bang-
kok is getting ready to equip you for the next phase of growth. Are you
ready?
See you
Ayyappan V
W
EDITORIAL
06_JUNE_2024_Editorial.indd 6 6/20/2024 4:08:17 PM

7. C
M
Y
CM
MY
CY
CMY
K
Guardian tmt Magzine page_REV.pdf 1 22-03-2024 13:01:27
INDIA’S LEADING
RECYCLING
SOLUTIONS COMP ANY
SHREDDERS | SHEARS | BALERS | CRANES
ISSC SHRED
H SERIES
INTEGRATED SCRAP RECYLING SOLUTIONS
ELV R
ECYCLING LINES
S
CRAP HANDLING SOLUTIONS
FERROUS AND NON-FERROUS SOLUTIONS
NATIONWIDE SERVICE SUPPORT  AND SPARE PARTS
JUNE24_ADS.indd 2 10-06-2024 15:22:25

8. C ntents
JUNE 2024
COVER STORY 28
Medical Waste : A Looming Concern
Biomedical waste management in India is a pressing issue, requiring improved
infrastructure and awareness to mitigate environmental and health risks
effectively.
PET RECYCLING 38
On with the Learning Curve
Packaging and Recycling Consultant, Rajesh Kumar Gera gives an overview of
Plastic industry, its various trends, challenges and opportunities.
ARTSCAPE 22
Giving Shape to Sustainability
An eco-artist based in Bangalore, Vishwanath Mallabadi Davangere
transforms e-waste into stirring pieces of art, blending creativity with the
environment.
INTERVIEW 50
‘Recycling for Sustainable Future’
Gurashish Singh Sahni, COO and Co-Founder of ReCircle shares his work and
passion in support of sustainable economy
DATA 56
Figuratively Speaking
Highlights from the latest World Steel Association release include sectoral
structural suggestions
EXCERPTS 44
Turning rubbish into a resource
Waste generation should be prevented and MSW management should be safe and
cost-effective to achieve the objectives of Global Waste Management Outlook 2024.
TRENDS 34
Automobile: The Future is Circular
With its high carbon footprint, the global automobile industry is aiming towards a
more sustainable future
NEWS
Changing Guards 10
Leading the pack 18
EU WASTE RULES 12
Courting Trouble
PRODUCTS &
SERVICES 36
What is the latest development of
the global recycling industry today
and how leading associations are
looking at it ?
08_JUNE24_Contents.indd 8 6/20/2024 5:32:58 PM

9. C
M
Y
CM
MY
CY
CMY
K
Guardian tmt Magzine page_REV.pdf 1 22-03-2024 13:01:27
MAR24_ADS.indd 3 29-03-2024 18:37:58

10. 10 MATERIAL RECYCLING JUNE 2024
U
nder the newly distributed portfolio of ministers,
Prime Minister Narendra Modi has entrusted Hara-
danahalli Devegowda Kumaraswamy H. D. Kumaras-
wamy of JDS and Shri Gangapuram Kishan Reddy of
BJP with the ministries of Steel and Mines, respectively.
Shri Kumaraswamy will serve as 22nd Minister of Heavy In-
dustries,and 35th Minister of Steel. His tenure as Chief Minister
spanned two terms, from 2018 to 2019 and from 2006 to 2007.
Speaking to the media Shri Kumaraswamy emphasized his
commitment to strengthening the economy, with an aim to en-
sure a rise in country’s GDP. “For the entire country’s prosperous
growth, we will work tirelessly,” Minister added.
Shri Reddy has been serving as Minister of Tourism, Culture
and Development of North Eastern Region of India. A member of
the Bharatiya Janata Party since 1980, he is an MP representing
Secunderabad.
Interacting with the media after assuming charge of office,
Shri Reddy expressed his gratitude to the Prime Minister Shri
Narendra Modi for entrusting him with this responsibility to
serve as the Union Minister of Coal and Mines and giving the
opportunity to serve the people of Bharat.
He stated that both the ministries of Coal and Mines will work
with determination, devotion, dedication, honesty and transpar-
ency towards making India AtmaNirbhar (self-reliant) in the coal
and mining sector.
During a review meeting with the senior Officials of Ministry
of Mines, CPSEs and attached offices, the minister was presented
an overview of the ministry. Besides looking at the achievements
of the ministry and long-term plans, the discussion focused on
crucial aspects including automation, innovation, sustainability
and deploying advanced technologies to make Bharat self-reli-
ant in the mining sector.

NEWS
Ministries
of Steel and
Mines have got
new ministers
under the newly
formed Modi
Government at
the Centre
Change of Guards
Shri Reddy assumes charge as the Union Minister of Coal and
Mines, on June 13, 2024.
Shri H. D. Kumaraswamy assumes charge as the Union Minister of Steel, on June 11, 2024
Change of Guards
News1_JUNE24.indd 10 6/19/2024 6:18:43 PM

11. a
k
w
ak
kw
aw
akw
i
ctgbclrK_b}lcuNWNTPQL­£¥>>>O>>>PRKNTKPNPQ>>>OQXNQXOU
MRAI-AUGUST23_ADS.indd 5 07-08-2023 16:26:01

12. 12 MATERIAL RECYCLING MAYY 2024
EU WASTE SHIPMENT REGULATION
A
fter the European Parliament gave its final approval of the
review of the Waste Shipment Regulation in February, the
Council of the European Union ratified it on April 30 and
was published in the Official Journal of the EU. The legally
binding regulation will apply to all EU member states in May 2026,
with some important provisions and further implementing regulations
entering into force in May 2027. A transitional period of three years is
given before the new regulation’s export rules for non-OECD coun-
tries replaces the 2006 Waste Shipments Regulation.
The main features of this regulations are:
1. Shipment of waste in the EU: Setup of control procedures for the
shipments of waste, improve traceability of waste movement and en-
courage shipments for recycling.
2. Outside the EU: guarantees that the non-hazardous waste is only
shipped outside the EU, if managed in an environmentally sound
manner and by ensuring that independent audits are carried out in
the facilities to which they
ship waste, in the destination
countries.
3. Tackle of illegal ship-
ments: Enhance cooperation
and coordination on enforce-
ment.
In the case of export pro-
hibitions of non-hazardous
waste to non-OECD coun -
tries, will be allowed only
when such non-OECD coun-
try notifies its willingness to
import and demonstrates its
abilities to manage the waste
in an environmentally sound
manner and by ensuring that independent audits are carried out in
the facilities to which they ship waste, in the destination countries.
In the case of India, the per capita consumption of steel has histori-
cally been low and will continue to experience a shortage of domestic
scrap waste, since its consumption has not yet reached global lev-
els. The importation of steel scrap waste will be a significant re-
source in the production of steel. Being the second largest im-
porter of steel scrap waste globally, India consumed around
10.98mt in FY23-24 of which nearly 3.63mt of scrap came
from Europe.
Considering the same, the industry has been
requesting the Steel Ministry to take note of
these regulations and initiate the neces-
sary steps to get India registered as
a country willing to import waste
from the EU.
It is perceived that the Eu-
ropean waste regulations,
particularly those focused
on waste management, re-
HIGHLIGHT
Courting
TROUBLE
The latest development in recycling and how the
two leading associations view it
12 MATERIAL RECYCLING JUNE 2024
EU_JUNE24.indd 12 6/20/2024 4:47:22 PM

13. MATERIAL RECYCLING JUNE 2024 13
The Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries (ISRI),
which is recently rechristened as Recycled
Materials Association (ReMA), has applauded
the European Commission’s emphasis on the
protection of environmental and human health
in the trade of end-of-life materials. It also
supports the needed enhancements outlined
in the proposed revised regulation to combat
illegal trade in true waste. “Effective implemen-
tation, compliance, and enforcement is a shared
responsibility, and we believe that setting clearer criteria for
EU Members States to increase oversight will go a long way to
addressing the harmful practice of illegally shipping waste to
third countries.”
“We are also relieved that the proposed Regulation will not be
imposing trade restrictions on recycled commodities be-
tween the United States and Europe. However, the Regulation
fails to provide adequate, clear, and concise definitions and
distinctions between valueless discarded waste and
specification-grade recyclable commodities that
are in high demand by global manufacturers with
global supply chains,” said a press release from
the Association.
“Imposing burdensome procedures on exporters
to judge another country’s policies and recy-
cling infrastructure or worse, banning trade of
recyclable commodities – especially when no
such comparable regulations are being imposed on
carbon-intensive, primary raw materials extracted from the
earth – will lead only to greater stress on the environment from
mining and manufacturers being challenged to meet sustain-
ability goals. The Regulation will thus create competitive disad-
vantages for recycling in many parts of the world, including in
Europe, potentially leading to less recycling and falling short of
sustainable development goals, the circular economy, and the
Green New Deal,” it added.
While supporting the intended improve-
ment of combatting illegal waste ship-
ments by enhancing digital procedures,
Bureau of International Recycling (BIR) has
said that always it been very vocal about
the heavy implications this regulation has
for the global trade in recyclables. Strict
EU waste export rules risk disrupting global recycling markets,
hindering investment and innovation, creating trade barriers,
and ultimately damaging global efforts towards a circular
economy. Importantly, this stems from a failure to differentiate
between material streams and markets that are paramount for
recycling from a regulatory perspective. Additionally, the impo-
sition of increased trade barriers and layers of bureaucracy for
both OECD and non-OECD partners will
likely lead to less efficient supply chains
for the recycling industry.
A statement from the organisation read:
‘BIR reiterates that it fully supports regu-
lations that aim at the protection of both
human health and the environment, but
also highlights that raw materials from recycling should be
allowed to play their important part in an equitable, global
move towards a circular economy and decarbonisation. BIR will
continue to engage with stakeholders and multilateral forums
throughout the remainder of the ratification and enforcement
process, as well as through the future implementation of the
regulation.”
‘The Rules will create competitive disadvantages for
recycling in many parts of the world’
‘Strict EU waste export rules risk disrupting
global recycling markets’
Draft revisions fail to support circular economy goals, it points out
Imposition of increased trade barriers will likely lead to less efficient
supply chains, it adds
cycling, and environmental protection, can have several impli-
cations for India and Southeast Asia.
Overall, while European waste regulations primarily aim to
improve environmental standards within the EU, their implica-
tions extend globally, influencing waste management practices
and policies in regions like India and Southeast Asia. This shift
towards sustainable waste management practices can ultimately
benefit both the environment and public health in these regions,
albeit with initial challenges and adjustments required.
EU_JUNE24.indd 13 6/20/2024 4:47:22 PM

14. 14 MATERIAL RECYCLING FEBRUARY 2024 MATERIAL RECYCLING FEBRUARY 2024 15
CURTAIN RAISER
B
angkok, capital of Thailand and
home to ultramodern cityscapes
next to quiet canal side commu-
nities and the iconic temples of
Wat Arun in Thailand, is calling you once
again to MRAI’s International Business
Summit. It is the second time that grand
event is coming to the city known for
tropical beaches, opulent royal palaces,
ancient ruins and ornate temples display-
ing figures of Buddha – the embodiment
of knowledge and enlightenment amidst
the uplifting and enchanting life in all its
splendour.
The Government of Thailand and High
Commissioner of India have put in their
weight behind the programme, which,
past experiences show, will undoubted-
ly work as an extension of India Govern-
ment’s programmes for furthering its Go
East Policy.
The super success of the last year’s
Business Summit has helped MRAI to
bond well with regional authorities and
its trade and industry.
No wonder, the glittering inaugura-
tion would witness who-of-who of the
trade and industry in the region sharing
their thoughts and actions. Deliberations
are set to see Indo-Thai trade relations
Come July 25, the second edition of MRAI’s International
Business Summit is all set to splash its spell
IBIS 2024
SAWASDEE
BANGKOK
SAWASDEE
BANGKOK
14 MATERIAL RECYCLING JUNE 2024
CurtainRaiser_JUNE24.indd 14 6/20/2024 2:40:48 PM

15. 14 MATERIAL RECYCLING FEBRUARY 2024 MATERIAL RECYCLING FEBRUARY 2024 15
& global practices getting a leg up with
speakers underlining the salient features
of the growing relationship between the
countries of the region. The emerging
opportunities that recycling as an indus-
try in the region are going to get a new
narrative, where cooperation and collab-
oration would further promise many new
ventures.
Going forward, a series of sessions are
planned to take up important trade and
industry related topics on to discussions.
For example, the spotlight session on
ferrous recycling which will look at the
dynamics of ferrous recycling in Asia.
The session on Battery Recycling will
focus on global demand & supply of raw
materials.
The Spotlight on Stainless Steel will
analyse and help underscore the dynam-
ics and the key demand drivers for the
Industry.
The Session on Aluminium Recycling
would throw more light on Asia’s role in
fuelling India’s growth
The Spotlight on Copper Recycling
would be looking at the demand & supply
scenario in global energy transition.
For the first time, MRAI would be
demonstrate its expertise of bringing and
showcasing some of the brightest jewels
of global recycling trade and industry in
Bangkok.
The purpose of the expo, which will
have a sizable foreign participation, is to
provide a platform to those who are un-
able to make it to the MRAI mega yearly
international carnival on recycling with
their products and services, better known
as International Material Recycling Con-
ference and Exposition in India.
If there is MRAI, can networking be far
behind? The entire event is conceived
and designed to give maximum exposure
to participants to interact and exchange
that would help further their businesses.
All the days would witness gala dinners
and full-blown entertainments that would
make the event a really memorable one.
Icing on the cake, if one could say that,
would be the plant visits that are sched-
uled to leading recycling facilities in
Bangkok.
The second edition is bound to benefit
from the experience we gained from
our maiden event in Bangkok last year –
making it another memorable conference.
Our team has put in every effort to make
the event the best. I would like to thank
the Government of Thailand and Indian
Consulate for their support and cooperation.
SANJAY MEHTA, President, MRAI
The Bangkok edition is all set to record new
heights in terms of exhibitions, delegates
and networking opportunities. That is why
we are confident of more delegates from the
South Asian Regions attending the event.
Besides, recyclers and traders from India’s
neighbouring countries would be present in
large numbers.
AMAR SINGH, Secretary General, MRAI
MATERIAL RECYCLING JUNE 2024 15
CurtainRaiser_JUNE24.indd 15 6/20/2024 2:40:55 PM

16. C
M
Y
CM
MY
CY
CMY
K
IBS24-DBLESPRD-AD_June20.pdf 1 20-06-2024 18:18:28
JUNE24_ADS.indd 12 20-06-2024 18:25:06

17. C
M
Y
CM
MY
CY
CMY
K
IBS24-DBLESPRD-AD_June20.pdf 1 20-06-2024 18:18:28
JUNE24_ADS.indd 13 20-06-2024 18:25:06

18. 18 MATERIAL RECYCLING JUNE 2024
A
ustria has been revealed as the
world’s best country for recy-
cling in a new study by Reloop
and Eunomia Research and
Consulting. Wales leads the way in the
UK, coming in at second. Northern Ireland
was ranked ninth, England at eleventh
and Scotland at 15th among the 48 coun-
tries included in the comparison.
Published on World Environment Day,
‘Global Recycling League Table — Phase
One Report’ examined the recycling per-
formance of 48 countries, including the
countries that report the highest recy-
cling rates and many of the world’s largest
economies. The study also includes lower
income countries in Latin America, Asia,
and Africa, to highlight global disparities.
Tomra,
The Welsh Government, International
Aluminium Institute and the Can Manu-
facturers Institute in collaboration with
Reloop funded the research with the aim
of ascertaining who was doing what well
when it comes to recycling.
The report compares countries’ recy-
cling rates on a like-for like basis. The
focus is on ‘municipal waste’ recycling
rates, in line with the definition used by
the EU. A country’s performance was
analysed from their officially reported
recycling rate (if they have one – wher-
ever possible, using a figure that approx-
imates a “municipal” recycling rate) and
endeavours to use underlying waste data
and other published sources to adjust the
results to present them on a consistent
basis.
The report found the world’s top recy-
clers are not exceeding a 60% recycling
rate for municipal waste, once differences
in reporting practice are accounted for.
Eight of the top 10 are to be found within
Europe, with seven being in Western Eu-
rope, reflecting the longstanding strate-
NEWS
Leading the way
Assessing 48 countries’ recycling performance, Global
Recycling League highlights global disparities and successes
RECYCLING
News_JUNE24.indd 18 6/20/2024 4:50:18 PM

19. JUNE24_ADS.indd 8 12-06-2024 16:11:20

20. 20 MATERIAL RECYCLING JUNE 2024
According to the report,
60% of municipal waste is
recycled by the world’s top
recyclers
gies and policies that have driven invest-
ments in collection, logistics, sorting and
reprocessing across the continent.
The exceptions are two East Asian na-
tions, Taiwan and South Korea, which also
have long-established collection and
treatment systems. These results high-
light the importance of long-term invest-
ment in making recycling convenient and
efficient, as well as the role that establish-
ing behavioural norms over many years
plays in creating a recycling culture. The
countries with the biggest drops in re-
ported recycling rates were Singapore,
South Korea, Spain, and Germany. A few
countries saw adjustments increase the
performance or compensate for the fact
that they were not reporting recycling
rates — China and South Africa being the
biggest beneficiaries.
The work also looked at collection
for recycling rates for glass, metal, and
plastic beverage containers. Whilst data
availability was more limited, we found
there were significant differences in the
amounts of beverage containers being
placed on the market, and little correla-
tion between consumption and recycling
performance.
While the countries with the highest
municipal waste recycling rates also
generally had good beverage container
collection rates, the countries with the
greatest amounts of beverage containers
placed on the market (US for plastics and
metal, and Australia for glass) had quite
low ‘collected for recycling’ rates.
The features of countries that had high
municipal recycling rates included:
l A formal waste and recycling strate-
gy, including clear goals regarding
targets to be achieved and steps to
be taken to improve.
l Widespread separate collection of
common recyclables, including or-
ganics, to provide households and
businesses with a convenient way to
recycle.
l Methods to ensure that recycling is
funded on a “polluter pays” basis,
such as EPR, to incentivise producers
to avoid selling unnecessary pack-
aging and to prevent performance
from being restricted by the funds
available to public bodies;
l The use of financial and other be-
havioural incentives to encourage
households and businesses to use
the recycling system (e.g. to avoid
costs).
l The study found that many of the
lower income countries from Latin
America, Africa and the Middle East
have the lowest performance both in
terms of recycling and data quality.
Moreover, a big part of their waste
collection and recycling is undertak-
en by the informal sector, which had
to be excluded from the calculation
of recycling performance as it could
not be verified that this waste is be-
ing managed appropriately.
To all countries, the report recommends:
l Improve municipal waste and
recycling reporting including:
lUse of clear and consistent
definition of municipal waste
lReporting point of measurement
lReporting by key materials
lReporting by waste types
lReporting by source
lDistinguish as far as possible be-
tween estimates of waste generation,
collection and recycling.
l Adopt practices that are associated
with high performing countries, as
referenced in the list above.
l Where the informal recycling sector
operates, examine how this could be
formalised to protect human health
and the environment, raise living
standards, and improve recycling
and data reporting.
It is intended that a Phase 2 publication
covering a larger number of countries
will be published before INC-5 in the au-
tumn. A database will be produced and
published on the Reloop Global Data Ob-
servatory. Countries wishing to provide
additional information to improve our
estimates of their adjusted performance
are welcome to submit this to Eunomia for
review.
News_JUNE24.indd 20 6/20/2024 4:50:19 PM

21. C
M
Y
CM
MY
CY
CMY
K
Webinar-Ad.pdf 1 24-06-2024 19:14:48
JUNE24_ADS.indd 11 24-06-2024 19:19:56

22. 22 MATERIAL RECYCLING JUNE 2024
H
ave you ever wondered what happens to your mobile phones and laptops
after you throw them out to make way for newer models? The United Nations
estimates that the world produces more than 50 million tonnes of e-waste
every year – most of which ends up in landfill.
According to Global E-Waste Monitor, India is the third top producer of e-waste in
the world, generating more than three million tonnes per annum. E-waste in Indian
landfill goes on to contaminate soil and groundwater, affecting food supply systems
and water sources, according to a study in the Indian Journal of Community Medicine.
Thankfully, the country has a new breed of artists who are converting these discarded
items – from mobile phones to mother boards, and speakers to old televisions – into
INNOVATION
SUSTAINABILITY
Giving Shape to
Globally, e-waste is a growing problem, but
some artists and designers see its potential
in upcycling, raising awareness about the
environmental impact. Here is a journey
into the works of a Bangalore-based
Eco-artist to see how he transforms
e-Waste to Eco Art!
22 MATERIAL RECYCLING JUNE 2024
E_WASTEART_JUNE24.indd 22 6/19/2024 6:34:26 PM

23. SUSTAINABILITY
Innovations in
recycling, upcycling,
and circular economy
models are likely
to become more
prevalent, reducing
waste and promoting
resource efficiency.
large murals and artworks.
Bangalore-based Eco-artist, Vishwa-
nath Mallabadi Davangere has made
e-waste his subject of art. He has been
upcycling e-waste into amazing work of
art with various themes that refocus the
attention on a pressing environmental
issue. These artworks help the viewers
forge a connection between art, technol-
ogy, and sustainability to help them real-
ize the error in modern ways.
Eco-Art involves transforming discard-
ed materials, particularly e-waste, into
artistic creations. Mallabadi explained,
“The technique is not patented, as I be-
lieve in sharing knowledge and encour-
aging others to participate in sustainable
practices. The process is highly sus-
tainable, as it repurposes materials that
would otherwise contribute to environ-
mental pollution, giving them a new life
as art.”
ART AS A CATALYST FOR
CHANGE
The transition into becoming an Eco Art-
ist was motivated by his desire to raise
awareness about sustainability and the
environmental impact of e-waste. Mal-
labadi acquired extensive knowledge
about technology through years of
hands-on experience and a deep-rooted
curiosity. He reminisced, “My journey be-
gan in my childhood when I would collect
discarded products from flea markets or
kabaddi bazaar to understand their inner
workings. Being part of the Armature Ra-
dio Club in the 1980s further enhanced
my understanding of electronics, me-
chanics, and fabrication. Additionally,
having a family background in art, de-
sign, and architecture provided me with a
unique perspective that blends technolo-
gy with creativity.”
He added, “My extensive research led
me to contribute to raising awareness
about sustainability and inspiring oth-
ers to see the potential in what we often
consider trash. This passion drove me to
explore and innovate, resulting in the cre-
ation of captivating installations that not
only highlight the importance of sustain-
ability but also showcase the beauty that
can emerge from waste.”
A growing interest in sustainability
in the 2000s further fuelled his passion,
leading him to do extensive research and
discover the beauty in e-waste. Today,
MATERIAL RECYCLING JUNE 2024 23
E_WASTEART_JUNE24.indd 23 6/19/2024 6:34:27 PM

24. 24 MATERIAL RECYCLING JUNE 2024
is an exceptional art
installation crafted
using discarded mo-
bile phones, primar-
ily featuring keypad
devices, meticulously
affixed to a 5-foot
spherical structure.
The underlying con-
cept seeks to convey
that outdated or ‘re-
tired’ mobile phones
possess a latent value
and can find a second
life. This captivating
and thought-provok-
ing artwork carries
a profound message
about the worldwide
repercussions of
technology and the
staggering volume
of electronic waste
generated daily.
RETIRED
ECHOES
EcoNap-
SustainaSleep
It is a modern Sustainable Sculpture;
themasterpiece crafted from 20,000 key-
board keys, symbolizes technological relics
and raises awareness about sustainable practic-
es. Serving as a symbolic representation of our
technological evolution, the sculpture prompts
viewers to contemplate on the rapid advance-
ment of technology and its environmental
consequences, emphasizing the ever-growing
issue of e-waste and the need for responsible
disposal methods. It encourages self-reflection
on consumption habits, serving as a reminder
that today’s actions impact the planet’s future.
E_WASTEART_JUNE24.indd 24 6/19/2024 6:34:28 PM

25. MAY24_ADS.indd 5 21-05-2024 18:51:48

26. 26 MATERIAL RECYCLING JUNE 2024
When you put
together things that
other people have
thrown out, you’re
reallybringing them
to life, a spiritual life
that surpasses the life
they were originally
created for.
Eco Art is being consumed in various
sectors, including galleries, museums,
public installations, and corporate offices.
It is also gaining popularity in education-
al institutions.
As an external faculty member at
Chanakya University, Mallabadi teach
upcycling for sustainable living as a tool
for educating students about sustainabil-
ity and the environment. He explained,
“Young generations and art students are
increasingly viewing upcycling as a lu-
crative industry. They recognize the po-
tential for creative expression and the
positive environmental impact of trans-
forming waste into art. Many are inspired
by the idea of contributing to a sustain-
able future and are eager to explore in-
novative ways to upcycle materials. This
trend is supported by a growing market
for sustainable and eco-friendly prod-
ucts, providing ample opportunities for
aspiring Eco Artists.”
TRASH TO TREASURE
Through his thought-provoking installa-
tions, viewers are invited to contemplate
the rapid advancement of technology and
its consequences on the environment.
The incorporation of discarded electronic
components and materials highlights the
ever-growing issue of electronic waste
and the need for responsible disposal
methods.
By showcasing these relics of our tech-
nological past, Mallabdi’s installation en-
courages viewers to reflect on their own
consumption habits and consider more
sustainable alternatives. It serves as a re-
minder that our actions today have a last-
ing impact on the planet and that we must
prioritize sustainable practices to ensure
a better future.
KEY MILESTONE
Through his art works and installations,
Mallabadi have raised awareness about
e-waste and sustainability.
l Successfully creating and showcas-
ing hundreds of artifacts made from
e-waste.
l Collaborating with organizations like
Zolopik to promote e-waste recy-
cling.
l Receiving recognition and appreci-
ation for my unique creations from
various art communities and environ-
mental organizations.
l Inspiring others to consider the po-
tential of upcycling and sustainable
practices through workshops and
public speaking engagements.
He believes, “the way we consume and
the waste we generate will change in the
years to come. There is a growing aware-
ness of the environmental impact of our
consumption habits, leading to a shift to-
wards more sustainable practices”. Public
policies and consumer behavior are also
expected to evolve, prioritizing sustain-
ability and environmental responsibility.
ROLE OF COMMUNITY
According to Mallabadi, community en-
gagement and education are key to pro-
moting recycling and sustainable arts.
Organizing workshops, exhibitions, and
community projects can foster a¬¬ cul-
ture of sustainability and inspire collec-
tive action. Collaborating with schools,
local governments, and environmental
organizations can amplify the impact of
Eco Art and encourage more people to
participate in recycling initiatives.
It is an extraordinary artistic masterpiece that
captivates observers. The sculpture of a cow not
only enchants with its aesthetic allure but also
signifies a pivotal stride towards a sustainable
future. Crafted entirely from recycled materials,
this eco-friendly marvel stands as a unique and
contemporary art installation.
Adorned with 40,000 used computer keyboard
keys, it serves as a striking embodiment of the
intersection between art and sustainability.Be-
yond its visual appeal, this artwork also serves as
a symbol of our collective responsibility to safe-
guard and conserve the environment, serving as a
MAGNIFICENT
SUSTAINABLE COW
poignant reminder of the imperative to protect
our planet for generations to come. It stands as a
shining testament to our dedication to minimiz-
ing electronic waste and underscores our duty
as global citizens to preserve and protect our
shared home.
E_WASTEART_JUNE24.indd 26 6/19/2024 6:34:28 PM

27. MAY23_ADS.indd 21 25-05-2023 15:07:32
FEB24_ADS.indd 5 16-02-2024 12:38:23

28. MEDICAL WASTE
A LOOMING
CONCERN
COVER STORY
India faces significant
challenges when it
comes to managing
biomedical wastes. As
the country’s healthcare
sector expands rapidly,
proper biomedical waste
management becomes
increasingly crucial
in order to maintain
public health and
environmental integrity.
28 MATERIAL RECYCLING JUNE 2024
Hospital_JUN24.indd 28 6/20/2024 2:23:05 PM

29. Things have improved
to a large extent but the
importance of biomedical
waste management has
not been really understood
by many hospitals, even
those that are accredited.
Very often, the last area to
get attention is biomedical
waste.
B
iomedical waste, encompass-
ing industrial waste, hospital
waste, and waste from other
healthcare facilities, poses a
heightened risk of infection and injury
compared to any other form of waste.
A lack of understanding regarding safe
medical waste disposal practices can be
hazardous to one’s health as well as the
environment.To manage medical waste
effectively, healthcare professionals
must be knowledgeable about and have
experience with the process.
On an average, high income countries
generate 0.5 kg of hazardous waste/bed/
day when compared to 0.2kgs/ bed/ day
for low income countries. This is because
quite often they are not segregating the
hazardous and non hazardous waste ap-
propriately. The result is contamination
of the entire waste. According to Ministry
of Environment and Forests, almost 28%
of biomedical waste is left untreated and
not disposed. Only two-thirds of the total
biomedical waste is treated scientifically.
According to World Health Organiza-
tion (WHO), nearly 85% of all waste gen-
erated by hospital is general waste. The
remaining 15% is hazardous biomedi-
cal waste subdivided as infectious and
non-infectious waste. In global health-
care frameworks, effective management
of waste from medical establishments,
educational institutions, and laborato-
ries is paramount. Proper biomedical
waste management (BMWM) is essential
to prevent environmental contamination
and ensuring safety for both the public
and medical personnel.
India faces significant challenges
in managing biomedical waste due to
its rapid development and expanding
healthcare sector. The production of bio-
medical waste has increased significant-
ly across the country due to the expo-
nential growth of medical facilities, the
growing population, and improvements
in healthcare technology. As a result, im-
proper waste management techniques
are now a source of concern because
they pose significant risks to both the
environment and human health.
The regulatory framework governing
BMWM in India assesses its effective-
ness in ensuring compliance and ac-
countability among healthcare facilities
and explores the adoption of advanced
technologies and innovative practices in
waste treatment and disposal to reduce
the environmental impact of biomedical
waste. Understanding the advantages
and disadvantages of current waste man-
agement techniques will lay the founda-
tions for recommending evidence-based
interventions and changes in policies
that adhere to global best practices.
To address the urgent problem of
biomedical waste in India, stakehold-
ers must cooperate and act together.
By fostering a culture characterized by
accountability and sustainability, the ca-
pacity to enhance the safety and well-be-
ing of the environment for both current
and forthcoming generations is possible.
WASTE SEGREGATION AND
HANDLING
Waste segregation and proper handling
constitute the fundamental pillars of an
effective BMWM system. Smaller facili-
ties often lacked proper waste segrega-
tion procedures, while many larger hos-
pitals had clearly defined segregation
protocols. Inadequate biomedical waste
segregation puts waste handlers and
healthcare workers at risk and makes
the waste treatment process more dif-
ficult. To improve waste management
procedures, training, and awareness pro-
grammes must strongly emphasize prop-
er waste segregation.
Speaking on how well India is manag-
ing its medical waste, Dr Bishnu Panigrahi,
Group Head – Medical Strategy & Oper-
ations, Fortis Healthcare Ltd.Explained,
“With stringent BMW Rules, each state
pollution control has designated autho-
rized vendors for collection and treatment
of BMW. There is strict control from the
Pollution Control Board for the same. The
BMW bags have bar-coded labels, which
are scanned and the bags weighed by the
state pollution control board authorized
vendors at the time of collection in the
hospital. The information regarding the
type of BMW Waste & its weight gets di-
rectly uploaded on the state pollution con-
trol board website. The vehicles carrying
BMW are authorized by the state pollution
control board & have GPS tracking. This
ensures that the entire waste generated
MATERIAL RECYCLING JUNE 2024 29
Hospital_JUN24.indd 29 6/20/2024 2:23:05 PM

30. 30 MATERIAL RECYCLING JUNE 2024
Segregation of biomedical waste in hospitals using color-coded bins
reaches safely to the designated autho-
rized vendor’s treatment plant.
All BMW is not incinerated. Only the
infected waste in ‘Yellow Category’ gets
incinerated. The other categories of
waste are used in landfill etc.”
How much medical waste does an av-
erage hospital produce? Dr Panigrahi
clarified, “This depends upon the kind of
treatment being provided in the hospital.
The quantity of waste is more in tertiary
care hospitals and those doing more of
surgical work. On an average such hos-
pitals generate around 1- 2kg/bed/day”.
According to him, the most important
step in BMW Management is segregation
at the site of generation. All healthcare
workers must be sensitized regarding
the BMW Management.”
Dr Abhimanyu Bishnu, Chief Executive
Officer, Innovhealth Services & Chief
Quality & Excellence Officer, Health City
Hospital, Guwahati states the ground re-
ality of biomedical waste management
in India. He said, “Two decades ago,
the concept of biomedical waste segre-
gation and management did not really
exist. The Environmental Protection Act
took care of only part of the problem,
because biomedical waste is very differ-
ent from the rest of domestic waste. For
example; a hotel or a factory may gener-
ate waste that is toxic but not infectious,
which is the nature of biomedical waste.
Finally, in 1998, the Bio Medical Waste
(Management and Handling) Rules were
brought into force, but even today, if you
go to a Tier III city or the outskirts of a
Tier I city. Even after introducing regula-
tions and many interventions, this prob-
lem persists.”
Over the years, the rules have been
modified, re-tuned and made more
streamlined, with certain punitive as-
pects thrown in.
In a typical assessment, more often
than not, we find deficiencies in biomed-
ical waste practices. The importance of
implementing the rules is not reflected
by hospital managements as well. But if
we look at the epidemiology of hospital
acquired infections, waste generation,
waste segregation and waste disposal is
a triad that forms one of the most import-
ant pillars of infection control.
REVISED RULES
In 2016, the biomedical waste manage-
ment rules were revised further. One of
the concerns of the hospital staff han-
dling this waste was that they were not
able to understand in which category to
dispose of which stream of waste. With
10 different sub-streams, things be-
came confusing. In the revised rules, all
these categories were done away with,
and four basic categories of biomedi-
cal waste were retained. It became eas-
ier for the end-user to segregate waste.
Additionally, a provision was introduced
which stipulated that a common biomed-
ical treatment centre had to be present
within 75 kilometers of a healthcare
facility. The new rules also provided
Waste generated within
healthcare facilities
encompasses a wide range
of materials, each carrying
varying degrees of risk.
Proper waste segregation is
essential to categorize waste
into distinct streams, such as
infectious, hazardous, and
general waste.
Hospital_JUN24.indd 30 6/20/2024 2:23:06 PM

31. MATERIAL RECYCLING JUNE 2024 31
for barcode tagging of biomedical
waste, which has only partially been
implemented. When we assess hospi-
tals, we usually find that they have not
introduced this.
The rules emphasized training
and vaccination of biomedical waste
handlers, since they are vulnerable
to needle-stick injuries and nee-
dle-stick infections, which can lead
to infectious disease transmission.
It laid emphasis on voluntary re-
porting of adverse events related to
biomedical waste management, and
submission of annual reports of bio-
medical waste ‘returns’ which must
be published on the hospital’s web-
site. Many hospitals that are pursu-
ing NABH certification are following
these.
YELLOW OR GREEN?
A provision was introduced which
stipulated that a common biomed-
ical treatment centre had to be
present within 75km of a healthcare
facility. Dr Anusha Rohit, Head of
Department of Microbiology and Sr.
Consultant, Chair-Infection Control,
Madras Medical Mission, Chennai
questioned, “One of the changes
that came about with the Biomedical
Waste Management Rules 2016 was
getting rid of the black covers that
used to be used for cytotoxic drugs,
disinfectants etc., which later on got
added into the yellow bag. One of the
problems we face is that according to
the rules, empty disinfectant or hand
rub bottles, which are just plain plas-
tic, still need to go into yellow bags.
An empty plastic bottle is actually
not biomedical waste at all…should
it go into the green bin instead?”
CONCLUSION
In the face of escalating biomedical
waste challenges, there is no time
for complacency. It is imperative
that regulatory agencies, healthcare
facilities, waste management au-
thorities, and stakeholders unite to
develop a comprehensive strategy
to address India’s bio-medical waste
issues.
M
edical Waste Management market in terms of revenue was estimat -
ed to be worth $9.2 billion in 2023 and is poised to reach $12.2 bil-
lion by 2028, growing at a CAGR of 5.9% from 2023 to 2028 according to a
latest report published by MarketsandMarkets.
The increasing penetration of medical waste management in medical
and pharmaceutical industry is driving the market growth.
In recent years, the medical waste management market has witnessed
the emergence of novel and innovative technologies that are revolution -
izing the hazardous and non-hazardous waste management. The conven -
tional approach for waste management involves landfill. However, novel
techniques in are emerging as potential substitutes or complementary
strategies in instances where traditional method fails. Additionally, cer-
tain innovative methodologies, such as the incineration, have the capabil-
ity to accurately dispose the waste.
Of the collection, transport and storage services, treatment & disposal
services and recycling services, the collection, transport and storage ser-
vices segment held the largest share of in the market in 2022. There has
been a surge in the number of surgeries worldwide which has led to the
notable rise in this market share.
In 2022, the highest share of medical waste management market was
held by non-hazardous waste, while the remaining falls under the hazard-
ous. The substantial large share of this segment can mainly be linked to
the rising patient population and increased emphasis on advancements
in healthcare.
With the expansion of healthcare services there is an increase in num-
ber of hospitals, clinics, and other healthcare facilities corresponding to
the rise in generation of medical waste. These factors accounted for the
largest market share.
Of major regions of the global medical waste management market,
Asia Pacific market is estimated to have highest growth rate. Asia Pacific
region have been experiencing steady growth in healthcare expenditure
which has led to increase in generation of healthcare waste. Growth in
this market can be attributed to the increasing prevalence of chronic con-
ditions such as diabetes, the growing per capita income, the expansion of
healthcare and pharmaceutical research in various APAC countries.
Thiruvananthapuram-based CSIR-NIIST has developed an innovative
solution for safe and sustainable management of pathogenic biomedical
waste by turning it into soil additives.
The CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technol-
ogy (NIIST) has developed a dual disinfection-solidification system for
spontaneous and instantaneous disinfection of both liquid and solid bio-
medical waste, including urine, saliva and blood, bacterial broths, cot-
ton, tissues, swabs, needles, and syringes.
The innovative system converts degradable waste into soil additives
while lab disposables are prepared for direct recycling.
Segregation, transportation and disposal of such disinfected medical
waste are easier and safer with significant reduction in cost for a health-
care facility and less expensive than red-bagging, a method currently in
practice for containing medical waste.
Medical Waste Management Market
to Reach $12.2 billion: Research Paper
Hospital_JUN24.indd 31 6/20/2024 2:23:07 PM

32. 32 MATERIAL RECYCLING JUNE 2024
SEGREGATION AND COLLECTION:
Healthcare facilities are required to classify biomedical
waste into various categories, including infectious, hazard-
ous, radioactive, and non-hazardous waste. Colour-coded
bins and bags are used to differentiate between different
types of waste. The waste is collected separately and la-
beled appropriately to prevent cross-contamination.
TRANSPORTATION:
The waste should be transported in specially designed ve-
hicles that adhere to safety and hygiene standards. These
vehicles are equipped with leak-proof containers and are
staffed by trained personnel to minimize risks during tran-
sit.
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES:
In India, several technologies are employed for the treat-
ment of biomedical waste:
l Incineration: It is a widely used method for treating infec-
tious and hazardous biomedical waste. High-temperature
incinerators burn the waste at temperatures exceeding
800°C, effectively reducing it to ash and gases. Modern
incinerators are equipped with advanced emission con-
trol systems to minimize air pollution.
l Autoclaving: It involves subjecting the waste to high-pres-
sure steam to sterilize it. This method is effective for treat-
ing infectious waste and sharps, rendering them safe for
disposal in landfills.
l Microwave Treatment: This can be used to disinfect bio-
medical waste. The waste is exposed to microwave radi-
ation, which kills pathogens and reduces the volume of
waste. This method is suitable for low-level infectious
waste.
l Chemical Treatment: This involves using chemical agents
to neutralize pathogens in biomedical waste. The meth-
od is often employed for liquid waste, such as blood and
body fluids.
l Non-Burn Technologies: Non-burn technologies, such as
autoclaving and shredding, are gaining popularity due to
their lower environmental impact compared to inciner-
ation. These methods reduce waste volume and make it
safer for final disposal.
l Shredding and Compaction: These technologies are
used to reduce the volume of waste, making it more man-
ageable for transportation and disposal. The process is
often combined with other treatment methods for more
efficient waste management.
l Final Disposal: After treatment, the waste is disposed of
following specific guidelines. Non-hazardous and treated
waste can be sent to municipal landfills, while hazardous
waste is sent to designated hazardous waste disposal
sites. It’s important to ensure that the waste is properly
packaged and labeled for final disposal.
Post collection the waste is transferred to a Common
Bio-Medical Waste Treatment Facility (CBWTF) where
further processing is done. A CBWTF is a centralized fa-
cility designed to treat bio-medical waste generated by
various healthcare facilities. CBWTFs provide an efficient
and cost-effective solution, preventing the proliferation
of treatment technologies within a single locality.
I
n 2016, the Centre published a set of guidelines for the
management of biomedical waste under the Biomedical
Waste Management Rules.
According to the guidelines, biomedical waste is subdi-
vided into four subcategories, each with a distinct colour
code: Yellow, red, white and blue.
The yellow category of waste contains anatomical, chem-
ical liquid, and clinical laboratory waste. The red category
includes waste generated from disposable items. Sharp
objects and metals fall under the category of white waste.
Except for those containing cytotoxic wastes, wastes in the
blue category consist of contaminated glass.
In addition, the Act prescribes six steps for the proper
management of biomedical wastes, including separation,
collection, pre-treatment, intramural transportation, stor-
age, treatment, and disposal through a Common Biomedical
Waste Treatment Facility or a captive facility. The first five
steps are the exclusive responsibility of the healthcare fa-
cility.
The BWM Rules 2016 outline the guidelines for the proper
handling, collection, treatment, and disposal of biomedical
waste.
THE BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT RULES
Hospital_JUN24.indd 32 6/20/2024 2:23:07 PM

33. MAY24_ADS.indd 7 21-05-2024 18:53:10

34. 34 MATERIAL RECYCLING FEBRUARY 2024
TRENDS
THE FUTURE IS
As a major source of greenhouse gas emissions, the global car
industry is driving toward a sustainable future.
A
longside the push to elec-
tric, the sector is shifting
away from traditional ma-
terials in the construction
of car parts, such as petroleum-based
plastics – to raw materials that are
sourced responsibly, including those
that are recycled or made from waste.
Car companies are turning not just
to scrap metal, but to landfill waste,
and to agricultural by-products, recy-
cling what would otherwise be wasted
to develop new plastics.
From ocean plastics to discarded
textiles, waste materials are being
blended with bio-composites to be
used in upholstery, and increasingly
other car parts, from headlights to
panelling.
In short, manufacturing is being
reimagined, with a focus on reducing
waste and improving reusability.
Currently, around 30% of vehicle
materials are recycled for new vehi-
cles. Among leading car companies
turning trash into treasure: Volvo
Group is recycling discarded fishing
nets into carpets; BMW is making
trim parts from recycled fishing nets
and ropes; Audi is constructing seats
AUTOMOBILE
34 MATERIAL RECYCLING JUNE 2024
Treands_JUNE24.indd 34 6/19/2024 7:24:06 PM

35. MATERIAL RECYCLING FEBRUARY 2024 35
made with yarn from plastic bottles;
Nissan has started recycling tex-
tiles to make sound insulation for its
electric vehicles; and Renault Group
is using seat material made from re-
cycled safety belts, textile scraps and
plastic bottles. Ford Motor Company
is increasingly tapping agricultural
by-products, including coffee bean
husks, and now olive tree waste, as it
looks to advance its circular economy
goals.
Long billed as the number one com-
mercial vehicle brand in the US and
Europe, Ford has taken sustainability
seriously and is always searching for
innovative ways to take the sustain-
able path.
Aiming for net-zero no later than
2050 and carbon-free electricity in
global manufacturing by 2035 – like
many manufacturing majors, Ford is
moving toward an all-electric future,
investing more than US$50 billion
from 2022 through 2026.
After reaching its annual targeted
production run rate of 600,000 electric
vehicles globally by the end of 2023,
the company is “on track to reach 2
million by the end of 2026”, Ford CEO
Jim Farley said in the company’s 2023
Integrated Sustainability and Finan-
cial Report.
What is interesting is that beyond
the transition to clean energy, Ford
is also striving to green its cars in
other ways – by expanding the use of
sustainable materials focused on plas-
tics, battery recycling, and sustain-
able sourcing.
Leading the charge in sustainable
materials, Ford was the first automak-
er to use 100% recycled post-consum-
er plastics to produce car parts.
And since 2000, Ford has used nine
industry- and world-first plant-based
materials in its production vehicles
– researching the possible use of
bamboo, soybeans, hemp fibre, coffee
husks, captured carbon dioxide, and
olive tree fibres as materials.
As early as 2008, Ford was experi-
menting with plant-based materials,
and has now used soybean-based foam
in more than 18.5 million vehicles
built in the US.
Coffee chaff is another waste prod-
uct being leveraged by Ford.
Joining forces with McDonald’s in
2019, Ford is now taking the husk of
the coffee bean that comes off during
roasting and is thrown away, heating
and mixing this with plastic and other
additives, and turning the material
into headlamp housings for its cars.
More durable than the standard
housings, and 20% lighter, they also
deliver on fuel efficiency, saving up
to 25% energy during the moulding
process.
Armed with a target to achieve 20%
recycled and renewable plastics in new
vehicle designs by 2025 – Ford contin-
ues to explore plant-based material
innovation.
In its latest circular push, the US
car manufacturer has turned to olive
tree waste – sourcing branches, twigs,
and leaves discarded during the olive
harvest in groves in Andalusia, Spain,
a region with the highest production
of olive oil in the world. Every year,
pruning olive trees creates 7 million
tonnes of waste.
Following simulation testing to
assess the usability of olive trees in
durability, strength and mouldabili-
ty, engineers at Ford’s European HQ
in Germany produced prototypes of
footrests and parts of the boot area that
were deemed “robust and durable” –
potentially paving the way for mass
use in EVs.
In using waste from olive trees,
the carmaker is not only able to
“substitute a significant amount of
petroleum-based raw material in the
interior parts” but also support cleaner
air in the areas the trees are grown by
avoiding burning waste, Inga Wehmey-
er, Project Lead at Ford was quoted as
saying.
Always on the lookout for “ways to
become more sustainable”, says Weh-
meyer, Ford is serious about recycling
and waste efforts.
The largest closed-loop aluminium
recycling automaker in the world,
as per its 2022 Sustainability Report,
the automaker uses the system to
build its F-series, recovering up to 20
million pounds of high-strength, mili-
tary-grade aluminium alloy per month.
Among other achievements, more than
85% of Ford’s vehicle parts are recy-
cled and reused at their end of life.
The company has 84 zero waste
to landfill sites globally, with plans
to reach true zero-to-waste landfill
across operations by 2030.
In a discussion at COP28 in Dubai,
Cynthia Williams, Ford’s Global
Director of Sustainability, Homologa-
tion, and Compliance, emphasised
the need “to encourage product design
that minimises waste and supports a
circular economy” – as well as provid-
ing subsidies and incentives or green
technologies and fostering a ‘just
transition’ that ensures inclusion and
equity for all.
l Energy – goal to use 100% carbon-free electricity in all manufacturing
by 2035, with 60.6% used in 2022. All purchased electricity for manufac-
turing in Europe is now renewable and all manufacturing locations in
Mexico now powered with 100% carbon-free electricity.
l Water – goal to reduce absolute freshwater use by 15% by 2025. More than
186.3 billion gallons of water has been saved since 2000.
l Electrification – goal to create a carbon-neutral transportation future and
on track to reach an annual targeted production run rate of 600,000 elec-
tric vehicles globally by the end of 2023, and 2 million by the end of 2026.
l Waste – goal to reach zero-to-waste landfill across operations by 2030 and
eliminate single-use plastics. Ford reduced waste to landfill by 35% in
2022, across 84 sites.
(2023 Sustainability Report, Ford)
KEY SUSTAINABILITY GOALS AND PROGRESS
MATERIAL RECYCLING JUNE 2024 35
Treands_JUNE24.indd 35 6/19/2024 7:24:07 PM

36. 36 MATERIAL RECYCLING JUNE 2024
PRODUCTS & SERVICES
High-performance Degassing
Erema Plastic Recycling System has introduced INTAREMA
TVEplus
R
, a recycling system with high-performance degassing.
The patented extruder system sets new standards in the
recycling of materials that are difficult to process such as heavily
printed films and/or very moist materials. This is made possible
through ultrafine filtration, thorough melt homogenization and
high-performance degassing in a single step.
The proven basic principle of TVEplus technology: melt filtration
takes place upstream of extruder degassing. Thus, you can
produce end-products that are high quality, have outstanding
durability, and contain a considerable share of recycled pellets.
AT A GLANCE:
Counter Current technology
 Highest process stability through improved material intake
ensures constantly high output over a considerably broader
temperature range
 Higher flexibility and operational reliability with a variety of
materials.
 Increased throughputs with the same plant size for more
productivity
Smart Start
 Remarkably easy to operate thanks to logical, clearly
structured and simplified handling and ultramodern,
ergonomic touch-screen display
 Fewer buttons, more user-friendliness – thanks to high
degree of automation including extensive control packages.
 The right recipe for every application – saved processing
parameters can be loaded easily and conveniently from the
recipe management system at the push of a button.
ecoSAVE®
 Lower specific energy requirements thanks to a complete
package featuring design and process engineering
measures including the new direct drive for the extruder
screw
 Lower production costs through optimized control
technology and high-quality, energy-efficient components
such as high-performance motors
 Additionally, the practical energy display on your operating
panel gives you a constant overview of energy consumption
at all times, thus enabling you to take specific measures to
optimize consumption
 Reduced CO2® at a glance: emissions – an important
contribution to environmental protection.
HOW IT WORKS
1. Feeding: is automatic according to customer requirements.
The material is cut, mixed, heated, dried, pre-compacted
and buffered in the patented.
2. Preconditioning Unit: Next, the tangentially connected
extruder is filled continuously with hot, pre-compacted
material. The innovative Counter Current technology
enables optimized intake action across an extended
temperature range.
3. The material is plasticized and degassed in reverse in the
extruder screw
4. At the end of the plasticizing zone the melt is directed out
of the extruder, cleaned in the fully automatic, self-cleaning
filter and returned to the extruder again.
5. The final homogenisation of the melt after the melt filter.
The filtered and homogenised material is degassed in the
subsequent degassing zone takes place
6. Following this, and with the help of the discharge zone, the
melt is conveyed to the respective tool (e.g. pelletiser) at
extremely low pressure.
TECHNICAL BENEFITS:
 Enhanced material intake, greater flexibility and higher
throughput rates thanks to Counter Current technology
 Optimized triple degassing with the patented EREMA
Preconditioning Unit, optimum screw design and extruder
degassing ensure highly effective degassing of the filtered
melt.
 Reduced shearing before the filter improves filteR
performance
 Greater homogenization efficiency downstream of filtration
and upstream of degassing enhances the subsequent
degassing performance and improves the characteristics of
the melt.
 Innovative, patented additional technologies for the EREMA
Preconditioning Unit – DD system and Air Flush module
(optional) widen the scope of application.
ECONOMIC BENEFITS:
 High-quality end product even with materials that are
difficult to process such as heavily printed films and/or very
moist materials; end products can contain a considerably
higher share of recycled pellets.
 Extremely easy operation and maximum user-friendliness
with the Smart Start principle ecoSAVE
reduces energy consumption by up to 12 % as well as
production costs and CO2 emissions as a result.
 Considerably higher outputs with the same screw diameter
compared to conventional degassing extruder.
 Compact, space-saving design.
36-37_PRODUCT_JUNE_24.indd 36 6/20/2024 12:11:07 PM

37. MATERIAL RECYCLING JUNE 2024 37
SR-200 HD from Fornnax’s HD model of the SR series is a high-
capacity and powerful pre-shredder which has highest input
capacity model in the SR series of machines.
The SR-200 HD is primarily designed for tyre shredding
applications. It can also be utilized for other applications,
including high-volume municipal solid waste, wood pallets,
industrial and commercial waste, and many more.
As a result of the stringent waste treatment policies in place,
there is a growing global demand for competitive pre-shredders.
It presents significant opportunities for industries in the Middle
East, Australia (due to full-tyre export bans from Australia and
steel export bans from the Middle East) and Europe.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
 The new shredders come with various proven knives
developed to accommodate customers’ needs. With the
robust cutting chamber design.
 The slow-speed shafts, which produce up to 2,000,00
Nm(newton meter) of torque, allow the SR-200HD to work with
the most challenging materials. This, along with quick shafts
change system, enables the end user to switch from working
in one application to another.
 There are different variants available for different market
standards. SR200 with disc classifier provides 60 to 150 mm
output sizes to feed downstream equipment. The SR-200 HD
with a Trommel screen provides output sizes of 60-80 mm,
called TDF alternate fuel for the cement industry. And SR-
200 HD without a screen produces output sizes up to 400
mm, called single pass rough shreds. Due to the design
of 750 mm diameter knives and a larger shaft centre, it has
more discharge space to process bulky and high-thickness
materials such as agricultural tyres, truck tyres and OTR tyres.
ECONOMIC ADVANTAGES:
SR200 HD provides a low cost-per-tonne with high reliability,
ease of operation, and more flexibility for various types of tyres,
as well as a design optimized especially for sites with a 25-tonne
per-hour production requirement.
It is designed to focus on the TDF application (Tyre Derived
Fuel). Cement plants usually utilize 3 to 4 lines to maximize
production. The SR 200 HD is a single-line system that delivers a
high output equivalent to 3-4 smaller lines.
To introduce your products and services through these pages, write to
Ayyappan V. at [email protected] Or contact 9892909946
Plastics Waste Shredders
High-capacity Pre-Shredders
US-based Vecoplan’s plastic size
reduction system converts plastic scrap to a similar size of the virgin processing material. The company has combined both shredder and granulator features to create a line of plastics shredders that meet
virtually all plastics processing challenges including industrial plastic scrap, with over 300 configurations tailored to excel at specific applications.
Vecoplan plastic waste shredders
play an integral recycling role in how to shred plastic in injection molding, extrusion, blow molding, rotational molding, thermoforming,
blown film, cast film, and pelletizing factories. They process rejects, runners, sprues, parts, purgings, pipe, profiles, bags, bottles, bales, buckets, tubs, totes, wovens, nonwovens, film, fiber, carpet, containers, drums, IBCs, lids, - in short, anything made of plastic.
The plastic shredder machines
can shred ABS, Acetal, Acrylic, HDPE, HMWHDPE, LDPE, LLDPE, Nylon, Nylon 6, Nylon 66, PC, PET, Polyamide, Polyester, PP, PS, PU, PUR, PVC, TPE, TPO, and UHW-PE, as well as composites. The shredder can grind it up & down to the size you need. THE SHREDDER IS
 Flexible - low bulk density or high
bulk density, small parts, or big parts, our plastic shredding machines handle them better than any competitor.
 Versatile– easily changed particle
size, through quick & inexpensive screen changes. Ease of operation – dump it in, push a button and walk away, or feed it continuously by conveyor.
 Durable
 Ease of maintenance – the plastic
granulators and plastic recycling products are designed for quick and easy replacement of wear parts.
36-37_PRODUCT_JUNE_24.indd 37 6/20/2024 12:11:08 PM

38. 38 MATERIAL RECYCLING FEBRUARY 2024
Packaging & Recycling
Consultant, Rajesh
Kumar Gera takes
an overview of the
topic while writing
about the various
trends, challenges and
opportunities
PET RECYCLING
CURVE
ON WITH
FOCUS
THE
LEARNING
38 MATERIAL RECYCLING JUNE 2024
Gera_JUNE24.indd 38 6/20/2024 2:59:56 PM

39. MATERIAL RECYCLING JUNE 2024 39
I
t is important first to understand the
Indian PET industry and how it has
grown. The PET resin consumption
was 1.10 million TPA in 20-21 and
has been growing at an average rate of
10-12% p.a. The Indian PET resin con-
sumption of 1.7 million MTPA (23-24) had
bottles: 92%, sheet: 4 %, strapping/mono-
filaments: 2% and others: 2%. The differ-
ent applications are as enclosed.

RECYCLING INDUSTRY
IN INDIA:
The PET bottle usage was 1.7 MMT plus
(23-24) and recycled PET usage was 1.55
MMT (@ 92%). There are 200 plus col-
lection-cum-baling centers in India and
growing. There is surely a shift for mov-
ing from unorganized informal set-up to
organized formal recycling setups. It is
primarily ‘Mechanical Recycling’ of PET
packs in India. There is 50+ medium to
large scale manufacturing units using
washed flakes of ‘Recycled PET’.
THE PROCESS:
The PET recycling in India typically starts
with a ‘waste collector/rag picker’ col-
lecting the discarded PET bottles from
different sites including dump sides. They
in turn get sold to ‘Kabadiwallahs’ (waste
traders), who sort PET from ‘other plas-
tics’ and bales are made. The baled bot-
tles are transported to ‘Recyclers’, who
do sorting, removal of metals, caps, rings,
labels etc. These are shredded, washed,
and dried. The dried flakes are sent to
textile spinning units and the recycled
polyester fiber made is then used to make
polyester fabric and other end-uses.
TRENDS IN USAGE OF
RECYCLED PET RESIN
The use of recycled PET is allowed for
packaging of ‘Non-Food Items’ in India.
The major FMCG producers (non-food)
are studying the possibilities to use ‘rPET’
and initial target is 15% rPET. The aware-
ness is on the rise for ‘recyclability and
sustainability’ initiatives by a brand in-
fluence ‘Pack choice by customers’. The
consistent availability of quality rPET res-
in is the key. The usage of rPET in second-
ary packaging like jars is already being
done by some brands, driven by the need
for ‘Greener Packaging’. PET is the first
material of
choice, due to
ease of recyclabil-
ity and the estab-
lished recycling
systems.

THE
CHALLENGES
One of the major challenges
is ‘Traceability’. One of the
key differentiators in times to
come in Indian recycling eco-
system will be the assurance
of ‘Traceability’. The move is
thus towards digitalization and
blockchain/AI driven SCM of rPET
bottles. The brand-owners and regula-
tory bodies will be paying more attention,
which will improve the quality of recycled
chips. The other major challenge is the
availability of consistent quality rPET ma-
terial. There are concerns on IV and ‘Lab’
values. These are being addressed by im-
provising sorting and washing processes.
BOTTLE TO BOTTLE (B-TO-B)
RESIN
There is a limited availability of food
grade rPET resin and there is a premium
Vs virgin PET resin made by the fossil
route. The mechanical recycling process
for rPET for non-bottle uses involves
‘sorting and washing’. In B-to-B resin, the
flakes go through decontamination, SSP
and granulation for use in bottles for di-
rect food contact applications. There are
presently five manufacturers of ‘B-to-B’
PET resin on a pan-India basis and there
are 10 plus lines getting commissioned to
make rPET resin, suitable for direct food
contact packaging in India.
ADVANCED RECYCLING
The demand for rPET resin in the long run
cannot be met solely by mechanical recy-
cling. There is growing interest in non-me-
chanical PET recycling, not only in India
but also globally. This includes both ch

ical recycling and bio-re-
cycling technology for PET
recycling. The chemical recycling
is done in a small way in the country. The
bio-recycling will help to power both
PET bottle and textile recycling and cir-
cularity. One of the technology suppliers
(Carbios) has done successful alliance
of polymer science and enzymology. The
process enables enzymatic recycling of
PET and results in virgin like monomers.
It will have high purity and constant rPET
quality allowing food contact applications.
This technology has matured from demon-
stration plant stage to industrial scale and
commercialization. These chemical and
enzymatic recycling processes will thus
have higher differentiated CAGR for PET
recycling in the future.
APPLICATIONS
The rPET finds applications in ‘non-bot-
tle’ applications, especially in the fiber
industry. The different end-uses in In-
dia include “fiber Fil, non-woven, sheets,
strap, injection moulding, POY, PSF, bottles
for non-food applications, monofilament,
masterbatches” among others. The poly-
MATERIAL RECYCLING JUNE 2024 39
Gera_JUNE24.indd 39 6/20/2024 2:59:57 PM

40. 40 MATERIAL RECYCLING FEBRUARY 2024
ester fiber is used as filling material for
cushions, pillows and converted to fabrics
for use in clothing, upholstery. The other
products include T-shirts, caps, jackets,
scarfs, carry bags, etc. Just for instance,
the Indian cricket team’s apparel is made
from recycled PET bottles. Some of the
other applications in India are for non-wo-
ven (for automobiles carpets, boot liner,
headliner), synthetic leather, fiber filling
(for cushions, pillows, etc.), spun yarn and
textiles. It is encouraging to observe that
companies like Adidas, Nike make athlet-
ic merchandise from recycled polyester in
India, and this makes the brands ‘Greener’
and attract a premium over regular prod-
ucts. In non-bottle area, rPET sheet usages
are for blister Packaging of toothbrushes,
cells, toiletries, etc. both for domestic and
export markets. This was made possible
by collaborations between all stakehold-
ers including major Indian PET raw mate-
rial manufacturers, sheet suppliers, ther-
moformers/FFS companies along with the
brand owners.
THE MACHINERY
As quality of recycled chips depend on all
process steps, hence there is sure shift in
the mind-set towards high-end machines
and recycling tech for new projects in
India to get further improved quality of
recycled PET. Technical alliances at local
and global levels for recycling machinery
are in offing and many machines are being
made in India with foreign collaboration.
REGULATIONS
In India, Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS)
frames standards for different packaging
materials and end-uses including recy-
cled resins. For example, IS 14534: 1998
covers guidelines for the recovery and re-
cycling of plastic waste and IS 14535: 1998
is the BIS for using recycled plastics for
manufacturing of different products focus-
ing on non-food sectors. The use of rPET
in food and beverages was not allowed till
now in India by FSSAI and BIS. FSSAI has
come out with ‘Draft Food Safety and Stan-
The approved
guidelines and
acceptance criteria
for use of recycled
post-consumer PET
for food contact
applications is also
being made effective
for implementation
40 MATERIAL RECYCLING JUNE 2024
Gera_JUNE24.indd 40 6/20/2024 2:59:58 PM

41. JUNE24_ADS.indd 9 12-06-2024 16:09:48

42. 42 MATERIAL RECYCLING JUNE 2024
dards Packaging (Amendment) Regula-
tions’ for use of recycled plastics in 2022
as food contact materials based on PWM
rules 2021. Thus, the approved guidelines
and acceptance criteria for use of recy-
cled post-consumer PET for food contact
applications is also being made effective
for implementation. The draft amendment
regulations are in the process of getting
approval by the Food Authority.
PROMOTION
There has been quite a spurt in installation
of ‘Reverse Vending Machines’ (RVM) in
the last 5-6 years with concerted efforts of
machinery suppliers and PET resin man-
ufacturers. Today around 1000 plus RVM
machines have been installed all-over In-
dia. The objective has been to sensitize
both the public and decision makers on
the need for recycling and create aware-
ness about the vast recycling ecosystem
existing for PET recycling in the country.
CONCLUSION
Although PET is a relatively new pack-
aging material, its versatility, affordabili-
ty and convenience is contributing to its
rapid growth in India. It is thus putting
an equally increasing pressure on the re-
T
he PET Recycling industry had a turnover of ~Rs 5 K
crore in 20-21, which has increased to Rs 7 K crore plus
in 23-24. India is proud to be having one of the highest PET
recycling rates @ 92% and competing with the best globally.
The Indian Recycling industry is consisting both of unor-
ganized and organized recyclers. There are value-added
products made from RPET and the Indian PET recycling
industry is projected to grow @ 15-20 % p.a. in the coming
years. It is estimated that the Indian PET recycling industry
will have a turnover of around Rs 10 K crore plus in the
next 2-3 years’ time.
THE INDIAN PET RECYCLING INDUSTRY
cycling infrastructure currently in opera-
tions in India. The Indian players like their
counterparts globally are on the learning
curve with regards to the usages, handling
and disposal of PET packaging. However,
they are benefiting with better manage-
ment of PET waste and are also parallelly
introducing more rPET items in the sys-
tem, including for direct food-contact.
The ‘Design for Sustainability & Ease of
Recycling’ are now the key components
for any product launch today. With regu-
latory support being extended by FSSAI
and BIS, the scope of rPET in India will
further enlarge in the coming years and
will open new avenues for all in the val-
ue chain. The sustained mantra of ‘reduce
and reuse’ will help to establish a robust
‘recycling and sustainability’ eco-system
in India.

(Packaging and recycling consultant,
Mr Gera, is a PET industry veteran. May
contact him on 0091-9967033107 and
[email protected])
Gera_JUNE24.indd 42 6/20/2024 2:59:58 PM

43. C
M
Y
CM
MY
CY
CMY
K
cellpap-Letter.pdf 1 01-04-2024 16:43:10
MAR24_ADS.indd 5 01-04-2024 16:44:35

44. 44 MATERIAL RECYCLING JUNE 2024
EXCERPTS
The flagship publication of the International Resource
Panel of the United Nations Environment Programme,
this year’s report sheds light on how resources
are essential to the effective implementation of
the Agenda 2030 and multilateral environmental
agreements to tackle the triple planetary crisis. It also
brings together the best available data, modelling and
assessments from 180 countries, seven world regions
and four income groups, to analyse trends, impacts and
distributional effects of resource use.
RESOURCE
Turning Rubbish into a
MUNICIPAL WASTE
UN_JUNE_24.indd 44 6/20/2024 2:57:40 PM

45. MATERIAL RECYCLING JUNE 2024 45
The way people buy, use and
discard materials determines
the amount of energy and raw
materials used and how much
waste is generated
A
s well as municipal waste, human
activity generates significant
amounts of agricultural;
construction and demolition; industrial
and commercial; and healthcare waste.
This waste is produced on farms and
building sites and in factories and
hospitals. Municipal waste is generated
wherever there are human settlements. It
is influenced by each person in the world,
with every purchasing decision, through
daily practices and in the choices made
about managing waste in the home. The
way people buy, use and discard materials
determines the amount of energy and
raw materials used and how much waste
is generated. Municipal waste is thus
intrinsically linked to the triple planetary
crisis of climate change, pollution and
biodiversity loss.
The first Global Waste Management
Outlook (GWMO), published in 2015,
provided a pioneering scientific
global assessment of the state of waste
management. It was also a call to action to
the international community to recognize
waste and resource management as a
significant contributor to sustainable
development and climate change
mitigation. Since then, despite some
concerted efforts, little has changed. If
anything, humanity has moved backwards
-generating more waste, more pollution
and more greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions. Billions of tonnes of municipal
waste is still being generated every year,
and billions of people still don’t have their
waste collected.
Uncontrolled waste knows no national
borders. It is carried by waterways
across and between countries, while
emissions from the burning and open
dumping of waste are deposited in
terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and in
the atmosphere. Pollution from waste is
associated with a range of adverse health
and environmental effects, many of which
will last for generations.
In response to Resolution 2/7, adopted
by the second session of the United
Nations Environment Assembly and
reiterated in Resolution 4/7, adopted by its
fourth session (United Nations 2019a), the
amount of energy and raw materials used
update of the global waste management
picture and an analysis of data related to
MSW management globally. It assesses
three potential scenarios of municipal
waste generation and management and
their impacts on society, the environment
and the global economy. It also provides
possible pathways to reducing waste and
improving its management—following
the waste hierarchy—with the goal that
all waste materials are managed as a
resource.
The Global Waste Management Outlook
2024 echoes the first GWMO’s call to
action to scale up efforts to prevent waste
generation; to extend adequate safe
and affordable MSW management to
everyone worldwide; and to ensure that all
unavoidable waste is managed safely.
TYPES OF WASTE
The word “waste” means different things to
different people. Different local conditions
and data collection methods confuse
attempts to arrive at clear definitions.
Variously referred to as refuse, discards,
trash or garbage, waste is essentially the
unintended by-product of consumption
and production.
Waste is hugely diverse and there
are different ways of categorizing it, for
example by:
Material, e.g. food waste or plastic waste;
l Product type, e.g. e-waste (electrical
and electronic waste) or end-of-
life vehicles, which contain multiple
materials;
l Source, e.g. MSW, which contains
multiple product types and materials.
This report focuses on MSW, which is
the waste generated by householders;
retailers and other small businesses;
public service providers; and other similar
sources.
Managing MSW is generally a
local service and is commonly the
responsibility of local government. MSW
is only a (comparatively small) part of the
story, since enormous amounts of non-
municipal waste are generated each year,
for example:
l Construction and demolition waste
l Industrial waste
l Agricultural waste
l Healthcare waste
Data is severely lacking for these other
waste streams. Quantities vary significantly
according to whether a country’s
economy is primarily agricultural or
industrial, and its level of urbanisation.
Healthcare waste is usually only a fraction
of municipal waste but may be more
hazardous. These other types of waste
may be mixed with MSW, particularly
where formal waste management systems
are not fully implemented (for example,
demolition waste or healthcare waste
may be disposed of in a municipal waste
landfill or dumpsite).
Because MSW is generated by all
residents, regular collection schemes
need to reach everyone, everywhere.
This requirement contrasts with the
management of waste arising from
industries, mining or hospitals, for
example, which is often concentrated at
specific sites.
MSW typically includes food waste;
packaging; household items including
broken furniture and electronic goods;
clothes and shoes; and personal hygiene
products. Its composition varies from place
to place (and even at the neighborhood
level) and may be affected by the time of
year, weather conditions and economic
recessions or other major events and
trends.
Some products or materials found in
the MSW stream are of particular concern.
This is owing to rapid increases in their
amounts or difficulties in collection,
treatment, and other aspects of waste
management aimed at meeting standards
UN_JUNE_24.indd 45 6/20/2024 2:57:40 PM

46. 46 MATERIAL RECYCLING JUNE 2024
for protecting health and the environment.
Examples of these materials are:
l Hazardous chemical waste
l Electrical and electronic waste
l Textiles
l Plastics
l Food waste
l End-of-life vehicles and waste from
mechanics’ garages
The management of MSW poses unique
challenges due to its sheer volume,
continual growth, diverse composition,
ubiquity in human settlements, variability
and influence by cultural change, and
the intricate web of social, economic and
environmental impacts that arise from its
management.
DATA AVAILABILITY,
COMPILATION AND
ANALYSIS
Across countries and regions there are
significant challenges in terms of waste
data and availability. One important
issue is the lack of standardisation in
measurement and reporting; another is
the lack of well-developed monitoring
systems in many countries, which means
adequate estimates do not exist for simple
indicators such as total collected waste
and the share of collected waste deposited
in controlled landfills.
Some countries have no official waste
data whatsoever, or this data may be
incomplete or inaccurate. The use of
different methodologies can also make
comparisons challenging. These issues
are most pronounced in regions with the
largest amounts of uncontrolled waste,
underscoring the difficulties involved in
providing accurate estimates and analyses
of the impacts of uncontrolled waste
globally, both now and in the future.
The data used for the analysis in
this report is a compilation of existing
municipal solid waste (MSW) data
reported by countries, population data
and projections, and socioeconomic data.
As most data points are from before 2020,
that is the year used as the baseline.
While gross domestic product (GDP)
has been used as the standard measure
for this analysis, gross national income
per capita in 2022 has been used to group
countries according to the most recent
World Bank classifications of countries
as low income, lower middle-income,
upper middle-income and high income
(World Bank 2024a), which is standard
international practice:
The Global Waste Management
Outlook 2024 adopts a similar approach
to that of the World Bank’s What a Waste
2.0 Available data has been collected
and linear regression analysis has been
used to obtain estimates for missing
data points and to forecast global waste
generation to 2050. Both reports focus
on the management of municipal solid
waste (MSW) globally. The key differences
between them are that this report uses
updated waste generation figures for
most countries does not use logarithmic
scales (to avoid visual distortions of the
data), and includes weighted observations
by population. Instead of establishing
the relationship between GDP and waste
generation in countries and determining
a mean average, the analysis in this report
uses a mean weighted by population.
The estimates have been shown not to be
affected significantly by the method used
(linear or logarithmic GDP, weighting by
population or not), while they provide a
useful comparison with the What a Waste
Global Database.
It is also important to note that data
on waste management practices and
impacts is rarely collected in a gender-
disaggregated form. Since men and
women influence and are impacted by
waste generation and its management
differently, it is vital that gender-
differentiated data be collected in order
to better understand and control waste, its
management and its impacts. The United
Nations Human Settlements Programme
(2023) carried out independent analysis
of waste generation and management for
l It presents a stark picture of global inequality, where
low-income countries consume six times less materials
compared to wealthy countries, despite generating 10
times less climate impacts.
l Global production and consumption of material resources
has grown more than three times over the last 50 years,
growing at an average of more than 2.3 per cent a year,
despite the increase being the main driver of the triple
planetary crisis.
l The consumption and use of resources is largely driven
by demand in upper income countries.
l The extraction and processing of material resources —
including fossil fuels, minerals, non-metallic minerals and
biomass — accounts for over 55 per cent of greenhouse
gas (GHG) emissions and 40 per cent of particulate matter
poisoning the environment.
l The extraction and processing of agricultural crops and
forestry products accounts for 90 per cent of land-relat-
ed biodiversity loss and water stress and a third of GHG
emissions.
l The extraction and processing of fossil fuels, metals and
non-metallic minerals including sand, gravel and clay
account for 35 per cent of global emissions.
l Despite this, resource exploitation could increase by al-
most 60 per cent from 2020 levels by 2060 — from 100 to
160 billion tonnes.
Highlights of the report
UN_JUNE_24.indd 46 6/20/2024 2:57:40 PM

47. MATERIAL RECYCLING JUNE 2024 47
its SDG 11 synthesis report. It estimated
that 2.3 billion tonnes of municipal waste
is generated globally, compared to the
2.1 billion tonnes estimated in this report.
It also estimated a global average waste
collection rate of 84 per cent (compared to
75 per cent in this report), and that 61 per
cent of all municipal waste is “controlled”
(compared to 62 per cent in this report).
The discrepancies highlight the need for
improved municipal waste data worldwide.
In 2020, global MSW generation is
estimated to have been 2.1 billion tonnes
per year. Owing to a combination of
economic and population growth, it is
projected to increase by 56 per cent to 3.8
billion tonnes by 2050 if urgent action is
not taken.
COMPOSITION OF WASTE
Low-income countries have proportionally
larger rural populations, which mean
more people live close to locations where
food is produced. In these countries, less
packaging is used to transport food from
rural to urban areas. Packaging, therefore,
makes up a smaller proportion of MSW.
This can be seen in the composition of
MSW in Sub-Saharan Africa and South
America. These regions have a higher
relative proportion of food waste, not
because they waste more food than other
regions but because there is a smaller
share of packaging waste in their MSW
stream.
Higher income, more urbanized
populations require more packaging to
transport food safely from rural to urban
areas Moreover, higher-income consumers
tend to prioritize convenience, resulting in
more single-use products and packaging
from home deliveries and takeout food
being found in the MSW stream.
CURRENT WASTE
MANAGEMENT METHODS
Notwithstanding the need for upstream
measures to reduce waste and, ideally,
decouple waste generation from economic
growth, this section looks at how MSW is
currently managed.
WASTE COLLECTION
Access to waste collection services varies
significantly within and between regions.
In higher-income regions almost all MSW
is collected, while less than 40 per cent
of MSW is collected in lower-income
countries. The regions with the lowest
collection coverage (Oceania, Central and
South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa) also have
the lowest urbanization rates.
According to the analysis undertaken
for this report:
l Some 2.7 billion people do not have
their waste collected: 2 billion in rural
areas and 700,000 in urban areas;
l This amounts to 540 million tonnes
of MSW, or around 27 per cent of the
global total, not being collected.
WASTE-TO-ENERGY
Thermal waste-to-energy, also known
as incineration with energy recovery,
is a waste treatment method used in a
relatively small number of countries.
Many governments are increasingly
prioritizing waste reduction, reuse and
recycling as more cost-effective and
more environmentally sound than the use
of waste-to-energy technology (UNEP
2019a).
Waste-to-energy represents linear
resource use since materials that are
combusted can never be recovered and
used again. Although waste-to-energy
technologies are widely used in some
industrialised countries, questions
persist concerning the adoption of these
technologies. The issue of whether to adopt
waste-to-energy is very controversial,
with many people arguing that thermal
treatment technologies reduce incentives
to decrease waste generation and move
towards a zero-waste and low-carbon
society (UNEP 2018).
Thermal treatment technologies rely on
the energy released from highly calorific
waste (greater than 7 mega joules per
kg)-namely plastics, cardboard, paper
and textiles-to generate electricity. Since
these are the materials most likely to be
collected by informal waste collectors for
recycling, destroying them using thermal
treatment threatens already vulnerable
livelihoods (UNEP 2019b). For that reason,
waste picker associations in Latin America,
Africa and Asia have protested against
incineration, pointing out that it would be
preferable to develop an integrated MSW
management plan based on material flow
analysis that integrates concepts such as
the waste hierarchy, the circular economy
and the creation of green jobs.
Other challenges include the limitations
of thermal combustion technologies with
respect to processing wet food waste, which
can dominate municipal waste streams;
ineffective waste collection methods; lack
of financial support; lack of policies related
to energy recovery projects; absence
of coordination between governmental
bodies; lack of environmental regulation
capacity; low energy efficiency (unless
coupled with heat recovery into a district
heating system or a similar arrangement);
and the generation of hazardous waste by
pollution abatement systems GHGs and
Global municipal solid waste destinations in 2020: Controlled (landflling, waste-to-
energy recycling) and uncontrolled.
UN_JUNE_24.indd 47 6/20/2024 2:57:40 PM

48. 48 MATERIAL RECYCLING JUNE 2024
other airborne pollutants emitted from
combustion processes may also hinder
countries’ abilities to meet obligations
related to their Nationally Determined
Contributions (NDCs) and emission
trading scheme allowances.
Where waste-to-energy facilities are
already in use, emissions from these
facilities are coming under increasing
scrutiny due to the need to reduce
sources of anthropogenic atmospheric
carbon, with the potential to retrofit
carbon capture and storage technology
adding to technological uncertainty
and costs. In 2023, the European Union
(EU) and the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Northern Ireland agreed to
expand emissions trading schemes to
include waste-to-energy, in recognition
of the negative environmental impacts of
GHG emissions from even the controlled
combustion of waste. This decision
represents the most significant regulatory
intervention to the waste industry in a
generation. It will fundamentally change
the economics of the sector and will
require further sorting of the municipal
waste stream to extract more recyclable
materials.
Alternative thermal treatment
approaches include co-combustion of
low-value plastics in cement kilns. The
suitability of this treatment depends
upon the availability of cement kilns at an
appropriate distance from urban areas.
Research and development are also
taking place on pyrolysis of plastic waste
into diesel, offsetting the need for virgin
fossil fuels. However, there are concerns
about the safety standards in cottage
industry scale pyrolysis, as well as about
carbon and other emissions released
from the combustion of mixed plastics
(and associated additives), which could
negatively impact local air quality and
public health and contribute to global
climate change.
CURRENT COSTS OF WASTE
Unsustainable consumption and
production patterns result in increasing
quantities of waste to manage, which in
turn increase the direct costs to society.
The analysis carried out for this report
found that in 2020 MSW management
globally cost US$252.3 billion. Why does
MSW management cost so much?
The most expensive step in the waste
management chain is usually collection,
with crew wages; vehicle fuel and
maintenance; insurance; and other indirect
costs to be covered. Recycling requires
sorting and processing infrastructure,
together with funds for ongoing
operational costs.
Waste disposal facilities such as
engineered landfills and waste-to-
energy plants require significant up-front
investments in infrastructure. They also
have high operational and maintenance
costs. Even the open dumping of waste
has direct costs, with fires needing to be
extinguished and land value being lost.
These direct costs do not include
the externalities of MSW and its (mis)
management, which are intrinsically
linked to the triple planetary crisis of
climate change, biodiversity loss and
pollution, as well as to human health and
environmental and social justice.
Worldwide, the externalities of MSW
and its mismanagement are experienced
most severely by communities that are
already disproportionately affected by
poor environmental quality, particularly
waste workers and citizens in lower income
countries and Small Island Developing
States.
The reasons for this vary. They include:
l Limited capacity and technical
capability to deal with fast-growing
waste streams;
l Prohibitive costs of upgrading
infrastructure;
l Inability to hold polluters to
account, either through enforcing
environmental regulations or through
market mechanisms such as Extended
Producer Responsibility (EPR);
l Illegal waste trafficking to countries
with weaker environmental
regulations and already inadequate
waste management systems;
l Limited influence or control over
product design, including material
choice and design for longevity, reuse
or recycling.
Furthermore, within countries,
differences due to gender and
socioeconomic status can result in unequal
access to waste management services as
well as unequal exposure to pollution from
waste and associated health outcomes
The burden of inadequate waste
management practices can be difficult
to quantify, yet it is substantial. On the
other hand, reducing waste and recycling
unavoidable wastes results in positive
externalities, including reduced demand
for raw material extraction; reduction of
waste’s environmental and social impacts;
less need for waste disposal capacity;
reduced GHG emissions; and healthier
populations.
External costs, in terms of the negative
impacts of waste disposal and positive
gains from recycling (for the climate,
ecosystems and human health), were
calculated for this report using the
methodology and parameters described
in the Environmental Prices Handbook.
Environmental prices are indices that
calculate marginal social value (i.e.
the satisfaction society experiences
associated with a specific good, plus or
minus overall environmental and social
costs or benefits) of preventing emissions
(or other activities such as land-use
change). They are expressed in terms of
monetary cost per unit of damage. In this
sense, environmental prices are often the
same as externalities or external costs.
While national contexts vary and there
is no one-size-fts-all solution that can be
used to move towards zero waste and a
circular economy, it is clear that the hidden
costs of waste are unaffordable for current
and future generations. Recognizing the
full cost of these externalities provides
governments and other decision-making
bodies with the evidence needed in order
to prioritize waste reduction and waste
management for a sustainable future.
(Courtesy: United Nations
Environment Programme)
UN_JUNE_24.indd 48 6/20/2024 2:57:40 PM

49. AUGUST-22_ADVT-2.indd 5 09-08-2022 15:22:31
C
M
Y
CM
MY
CY
CMY
K
Lohaa-Mobile-App-FINAL.pdf 1 11-09-2023 12:26:40
MRAI-JAN24_ADS.indd 4 13-01-2024 17:50:57

50. 50 MATERIAL RECYCLING JUNE 2024
What was your main motivation for founding
ReCircle?
Eight years ago, my co-founder Rahul Nainani and I participat-
ed in Google’s Startup Weekend. We ideated an ‘Uber for rad-
diwalas’ app and won the challenge that week. This is when we
realized that there was a dire need for awareness and action on
segregation of waste and resource recovery which led to the
founding of ReCircle.
Another huge wakeup call was the massive Deonar fire that
took place in 2016 which raged in the largest landfill in Mum-
bai. The smoke from the landfill fire was visible in NASA images.
Days later when we visited the location, we learnt that the life
expectancy of people living around the dumpsite was 38 years
of age. This was pivotal for getting into waste recovery.
How has ReCircle grown since its inception?
Since inception, we have grown tremendously, both in scope and
scale, having diverted over 169,000 MT (equivalent to the weight
of over 28,166 elephants) of waste across 270 + cities & towns
in India with the help of 45+ processing partners who have a
pan-India network of 400 collection partners all while impacting
the lives and livelihoods of over 3,100 Safai Saathis (waste work-
ers). We empower consumers and brands to divert waste away
from landfills and oceans, back into the economy to be recycled,
reused or repurposed.
We encourage consumers to participate in our on-ground
community events such as our monthly waste collection drives.
Once the collected materials reach our Material Recovery Fa-
cility in Dahisar (Mumbai) it is segregated by ReCircle’s Safai
Saathis (waste workers) where it is sorted, processed and bailed.
This processed waste is then sent out to recyclers who further
converting into plastic flakes and granules to use towards creat-
ing new products.
At the heart of our traceable and ethical reverse supply chain,
lies ClimaOne which offers end-to-end traceability for plas-
tic credits, reporting for compliance, live data tracking, etc. to
brand owners who want to go plastic neutral & use recycled
plastic in their supply chain. Progressive brands such as HUL,
Hindustan Coca-Cola Beverages, etc. choose us for their Extend-
ed Producer Responsibility needs, launching plastic neutral ini-
tiatives, establishing zero waste workspaces, orchestrating zero
waste events & driving impactful sustainability projects.
How sustainable and circular is the process?
Our business model centers on a circular economy approach,
leveraging innovation, technology, and a closed-loop system to
extend the life cycle of plastic waste. Essentially, we leverage
technology to build a traceable reverse supply chain for waste,
INTERVIEW
Founded in Mumbai, ReCircle promotes
a circular economy and supports
sustainable businesses through EPR
and PNP services. With the help of
his team, ReCircle is making waste
management effortless for both global
brands and individuals alike, claims
Gurashish Singh Sahni, COO and
Co-Founder
FUTURE’
‘RECYCLING FOR
A SUSTAINABLE
Recircle_JUNE24 - Copy.indd 50 6/20/2024 12:15:35 PM

51. MATERIAL RECYCLING JUNE 2024 51
especially plastics. We are also working towards creating a cir-
cular textile waste management vertical, called Project Extra
Life, wherein we aim to collect, sort and sell at least 570 MT tex-
tile waste over the next 12 months.
Our flagship proprietary tech platform, ClimaOne offers a
traceable reverse supply chain for all waste moving from collec-
tion facilities to recycling plants, playing a crucial role in bridg-
ing the gap between waste collection partners, waste proces-
sors & brands. In its current upgrade phase, we envision a future
where ClimaOne collects data right from the collection till the
reintroduction of collected plastic back into the supply chain of
our partner brands in the form of ethically recycled plastic gran-
ules. This approach generates a waste-to-product traceability,
thereby effectively closing the loop on plastic. For instance, we
recently helped leading coffee brand circularity by converting
48,000 plastic bottles from their outlets into 4,000 circular and
ethically recycled t-shirts.
We have always kept sustainability, environmental conscious-
ness and circularity front and centre of our operations and de-
cision-making; it is a key part of our business and growth plan,
how we continue to expand our ecosystem by collaborating with
institutions and consumers who share our alternative vision of
the future as well as making bold decisions when it comes to
achieving financial growth and benefiting the planet.
What kind of impact have you been able to make?
Please share a few key milestones.
Here are some of our most recent milestones from the past few
months;
l Overall impact: We have diverted over 169,000 MT (equiva-
lent to the weight of over 28,166 elephants) of waste across
270 + cities & towns in India with the help of 45+ process-
ing partners who have a pan-India network of 400 collection
partners all while impacting the lives and livelihoods of over
3,100 Safai Saathis (waste workers).
l Set up Mumbai’s first semi-automated Material Recovery
Facility (MRF): In a recent upgrade, our facility underwent
enhancements, including the installation of a conveyor sys-
tem. This system facilitates our Safai Saathis in the efficient
segregation of up to 4 metric tonnes of materials across more
than 20 categories within a single shift. The integration of this
conveyor has led to a substantial increase in our processing
capacity, elevating it from 5 metric tonnes to an impressive
8 metric tonnes per day. We anticipate that this enhanced
capacity will pave the way for new market opportunities for
high-quality products.
l Inclusive partner network pan-India: We reach over 270 cities
& towns in India with the help of 45+ processing partners who
have a pan-India network of 400 collection partners.
l New waste management vertical: We recently launched a new
textile waste management vertical — Project Extra Life — to
enable businesses to go circular and tackle India’s burgeon-
ing textile waste problem.
l Brand on-boarding: We have formed strong business part-
nerships with 60+ progressive brands such as Hindustan Uni-
lever, Hindustan Coca-Cola Beverages, Mondelez, and Tata
Starbucks which have led to an increase in our revenue and
opened new areas of work with these brands.
l Developing & launching traceable tech-driven operations
with ClimaOne: With support from GSMA & UK Aid, we built
ClimaOne, our proprietary clean-tech platform as an attempt
to digitize the plastic waste supply chain. It has enabled
seamless connectivity among stakeholders while simultane-
ously providing a transparent reverse supply chain for plastic
waste, and ensuring that collected plastic waste moves to-
wards a circular economy.
l Accelerators and Engagements: Our journey is marked by
accolades like the Businessworld Social Impact Leader in Re-
cycling (2022), Fortune India 40under40 (2024), and gaining
the privilege of sharing ReCircle’s latest projects at presti-
gious conferences like Mobile World Congress Africa (2022)
and the NY Times Climate Conference (2022), Mobile 360 Se-
ries in Seoul (2023) and GSMA MWC in Barcelona (2024).
Do you see the way we consume overall waste
generated change in the years to come?
Since 2016, we have seen tremendous progress in the waste re-
cycling space, a lot has changed. Back then, brands did not have
sustainability teams; circularity did not exist as a term and plas-
tic waste recycling compliances/ programs were few and far
between. Programs such as Extended Producer Responsibility
(EPR) and Clean India Campaign have added a much needed
boost to the sector.
Recircle_JUNE24 - Copy.indd 51 6/20/2024 12:15:36 PM

52. 52 MATERIAL RECYCLING JUNE 2024


Citizens, too, have become conscious about waste manage-
ment, the kind of brands they buy apparels/ household goods,
etc. from. Over the years, we have seen Mumbaikars come out
in numbers to support campaigns around waste management,
such as beach clean-ups and our waste collection drives. We
have over 169,000 MT (equivalent to the weight of over 28,166
elephants) of waste across 270 + cities & towns in India and none
of this would have been possible without the support of people
and businesses who believe in our circular mission.
Now, as we stand before a new era of wide-scale social and
technological innovation, public and private sectors must col-
laborate closely to ensure the evolution towards a sustainable
nation.
What are key issues regarding plastic waste in
India? What could a sustainable plastic waste
industry look like in the future?
It is no secret that businesses design waste into our systems.
And, once we are done with a product it goes into waste; i.e.
landfills and our oceans. The journey of a product starts at the
creation phase; so, while we all look at plastic as waste once we
are done with the product, we need to start looking at it at the
start of its life, when we start designing or manufacturing the
product. And, whatever we cannot eliminate we should ensure
we reuse, repurpose and recycle the material that comes to our
supply chain.
We believe that in order to go from linearity to circularity, we
need to look at waste from an entirely new lens — that of be-
ing a valuable resource. To give you an example, ReCircle has
incentivized and created a robust supply chain for collecting
low-value and non-recyclable plastics, optimizing their value.
This strategy helps mobilize materials that would otherwise be
neglected due to their low economic value and presents a sig-
nificant financial opportunity. Furthermore, we enhance the ma-
terial value of recycled plastic and uphold our commitment to
ethical business practices by reintroducing ethically collected
and recycled plastic granules into the supply chain.
What are your views
on EPR? How do you
think EPR will help
businesses, recyclers
and consumers?
EPR is a policy that works on
the polluter pay principle. It
puts the onus of the collection
on the polluter instead of the gov-
ernment. It helps in raising the value
gap funding for collection, segregation,
transportation and recycling/ co-process-
ing of waste. It has tremendously helped in es-
tablishing collection for plastics that was not be-
ing collected before especially in the case of category
3 MLP. Furthermore, the policy has acknowledged that cur-
rently recycled plastic is only being used in down-scale appli-
cations and to counter the same has introduced mandatory use
of recycled content in its amendments. This will not only help
segregation and collection but will help for better uptakes of the
recycled content at a better price thereby increasing the value
of recycled content and helping recyclers and waste collectors.
Additionally, EPR helps brands become more environmentally
conscious and increase brand sentiment among customers who
are more environmentally conscious. As per a study conducted,
1 out of 3 millennials would prefer a more environmentally con-
scious product even if it is slightly more expensive. Hence, the
policy is well crafted keeping all stakeholders in mind.
In 2023 alone, ReCircle steered India’s shift towards a circular
economy by collaboration with a diverse network of partners to
divert over 78,498 MT of waste from landfills. Our waste recov-
ery has surged by 202% and our Extended Producer Responsi-
bility program has expanded by 251% in 2022-2023, signalling
a robust growth trajectory.
As a plastic waste recycler, how well-placed are
your collection agents in terms of ensuring health
and safety?
We have a pan-India network of over 400 collection partners.
Throughout our near-decade long journey, we have focused
on building the infrastructure of the Indian waste management
industry. We address key areas such as livelihood generation,
We believe that in order to go from
linearity to circularity, we need to look at
waste from an entirely new lens — that of
being a valuable resource
Recircle_JUNE24 - Copy.indd 52 6/20/2024 12:15:45 PM

53. MAR23_ADS.indd 19 18-03-2023 16:47:50

54. 54 MATERIAL RECYCLING JUNE 2024
partnership building, collaborations for growth, development
and formalisation of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs),
guidelines and capacity enhancement, as well as the integration
of workers into the formal supply chain. There have also been
significant improvements in workplace hygiene, safety stan-
dards, and overall operational efficiency, with 74% of Processing
Partners surveyed following ReCircle’s SOPs.
What was the thought process behind launching a
textile recycling vertical?
We are constantly looking at innovative ways to digitize the
waste supply chain and having established circularity for plas-
tic waste it was a no brainer for us to look at textiles as another
waste stream for us to work with. After plastic and paper, textiles
are the third-largest source of waste in many Indian states. That
is why we recently launched Project Extra Life to tackle India’s
textile waste problem and build a more circular future.
What are the challenges in the textile recycling
space?
Firstly, the current textile supply chain ecosystem lacks for-
malization via traceability and accountability. We want to build
confidence among consumers and businesses through our
transparent technology-driven value chain, all while focusing on
capacity building for waste workers and enabling a more circu-
lar textile waste value chain.
Secondly, textile reverse logistics is a long-drawn and expen-
sive process. By leveraging data (which adds an advantage by
providing better supply chain visibility to businesses), we plan
to provide benefits such as cost and waste reduction as well as
improved brand sentiment.
We are positive that we can empower various stakeholders to
participate in the formalization and mainstreaming of the textile
waste value chain and eventually create a closed-loop textile in-
dustry.
Tell us more about Project Extra Life.
In India, textiles significantly contribute to industrial water
pollution, demanding innovative solutions. That is why ReCir-
cle recently launched Project Extra Life to tackle India’s textile
waste problem. With Project Extra Life, ReCircle has established
a circular textile waste management vertical as an addition to
its existing waste management services and aims to collect, sort
and sell at least 570 MT textile waste over the next 12 months.
We plan to reach over 1 lakh + institutions and individuals
including fashion houses, textile businesses, hospitality giants,
educational institutions, brands, offices, factories, households as
well as existing clients within its corporate programme to help
close the loop on textiles.
How can businesses participate in textile recycling
with ReCircle?
ReCircle offers nationwide participation options and custom
plans for bulk contributions in cases where businesses have
more than 10 tons of textile waste. The waste can be delivered di-
rectly to ReCircle’s Advanced Material Recovery Facility (MRF)
in Mumbai.
ReCircle also proposes enabling institutions in setting up
textile waste collection drives. Fashion houses/textile business-
es can reach out to ReCircle to manage their production waste
and set up ‘take-back’ programs for customers. Considering the
highest value will be captured from post-consumer (wearables)
textiles, Project Extra Life will concentrate on this part of the val-
ue chain over the next coming months.
In the months to come, we intend to build the value potential
of textile waste with Project Extra Life and create a traceable and
transparent value chain, leverage technological interventions
for waste segregation and sorting, concentrate on post-consum-
er (wearables) textiles and foster an enabling environment to
pave the way for a more sustainable and efficient textile waste
value chain. We also aim to integrate micro-entrepreneurship,
create 80-100 indirect jobs for waste workers and improve inef-
ficiencies of waste handlers through capacity building.
Where does the collected textile material go?
We plan to collect materials such as cotton, wool, polyester,
acrylic, synthetic fibres, nylon, denim, silk, etc. After the textile
waste is collected, they are sent to ReCircle’s Advanced Mate-
rial Recovery Facility (MRF) in Dahisar, Mumbai where they are
assessed on reusability by ReCircle’s Safai Saathis (waste work-
ers).
The collected textile waste, which is beyond repair, is sent to
ReCircle’s recycling partners in Surat and Panipat where it is
shredded and turned into recycled yarn.
Based on this, the garments start their Extra Life journey via
one of four channels; including:
l Rewear: what can be worn again
l Revamp: what needs a few repairs
l Recycle: what is nearing end of life
l Relife: unusables converted into energy.
Recircle_JUNE24 - Copy.indd 54 6/20/2024 12:15:50 PM

55. 200+ Exhibit ors | 15,000+ T rade Visit ors | 100000+ Sq. Ft Expo Hall |
International P avilions | CEO R ound T able | T echnical Seminar s & Workshops |
WWW.GSSEXPO.COM
ASSOCIATION PARTNER ORGANISED BYFOR MORE INFORMATION, CONTACT
Swagatam
[phone]
[email protected]
STEERING THE
STAINLESS STEEL
POSSIBILITIESJUNE 2025
GLOBAL stainless steel EXPO 2025
3rd Edition
BOMBAY EXHIBITION CENTRE MUMBAI
JUNE 2025
GLOBAL stainless steel EXPO 2025
3rd Edition
4
BOMBAY EXHIBITION CENTRE MUMBAI
56JUNE 2025JUNE 2025JUNE 2025JUNE 2025JUNE 2025JUNE 2025JUNE 2025JUNE 2025JUNE 2025JUNE 2025JUNE 2025JUNE 2025JUNE 2025JUNE 2025
GLOBAL stainless steel EXPO 2025GLOBAL stainless steel EXPO 2025GLOBAL stainless steel EXPO 2025GLOBAL stainless steel EXPO 2025GLOBAL stainless steel EXPO 2025GLOBAL stainless steel EXPO 2025GLOBAL stainless steel EXPO 2025GLOBAL stainless steel EXPO 2025GLOBAL stainless steel EXPO 2025GLOBAL stainless steel EXPO 2025GLOBAL stainless steel EXPO 2025GLOBAL stainless steel EXPO 2025GLOBAL stainless steel EXPO 2025GLOBAL stainless steel EXPO 2025
3rd 3rd 3rd 3rd 3rd 3rd 3rd 3rd 3rd 3rd 3rd 3rd 3rd 3rd EditionEditionEditionEditionEditionEditionEditionEditionEditionEditionEditionEditionEditionEdition
44444
BOMBAY EXHIBITION CENTRE MUMBAIBOMBAY EXHIBITION CENTRE MUMBAIBOMBAY EXHIBITION CENTRE MUMBAIBOMBAY EXHIBITION CENTRE MUMBAIBOMBAY EXHIBITION CENTRE MUMBAIBOMBAY EXHIBITION CENTRE MUMBAIBOMBAY EXHIBITION CENTRE MUMBAIBOMBAY EXHIBITION CENTRE MUMBAIBOMBAY EXHIBITION CENTRE MUMBAIBOMBAY EXHIBITION CENTRE MUMBAIBOMBAY EXHIBITION CENTRE MUMBAIBOMBAY EXHIBITION CENTRE MUMBAIBOMBAY EXHIBITION CENTRE MUMBAIBOMBAY EXHIBITION CENTRE MUMBAIBOMBAY EXHIBITION CENTRE MUMBAIBOMBAY EXHIBITION CENTRE MUMBAIBOMBAY EXHIBITION CENTRE MUMBAIBOMBAY EXHIBITION CENTRE MUMBAIBOMBAY EXHIBITION CENTRE MUMBAI
5655556666
BOMBAY EXHIBITION CENTRE MUMBAIBOMBAY EXHIBITION CENTRE MUMBAIBOMBAY EXHIBITION CENTRE MUMBAIBOMBAY EXHIBITION CENTRE MUMBAIBOMBAY EXHIBITION CENTRE MUMBAIBOMBAY EXHIBITION CENTRE MUMBAIBOMBAY EXHIBITION CENTRE MUMBAI
JUNE 2025
GLOBAL stainless steel EXPO 2025
3rd Edition
4
BOMBAY EXHIBITION CENTRE MUMBAI
56
Scan
Here to
Exhibit
STEERING THE
STAINLESS STEEL
POSSIBILITIES
SHAPING A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE THROUGH
STAINLESS STEEL RECYCLING.
Transforming Waste into Wealth
JUNE24_ADS.indd 10 19-06-2024 14:04:03

56. 56 MATERIAL RECYCLING JUNE 2024
DATA
Rank Tonnage Rank Tonnage
China 1 1 019.1 1 1 019.1
India 2 140.81 2 125.4
Japan 3 87 3 89.2
United States 4 81.4 4 80.5
Russia 5 76 5 71.7
South Korea 6 66.7 6 65.8
Germany 7 35.4 7 36.9
Türkiye 8 33.7 8 35.1
Brazil 9 31.8 9 34.1
Iran 10 31 10 30.6
TOP 10 STEEL-PRODUCING COUNTRIES IN 2022 & 2023
Figuratively speaking
STEEL
The latest report from the world association provides not only interesting
highlights but also recommendations for structural changes
F
rom time-to-time World Steel Association (worldsteel)
brings fascinating snapshot of the dynamics of today’s steel
industry in figures. Everything from production and pro-
duction processes, to demand, trade, safety and more, it
gives a graphic depiction of the world industry.
In its latest report, it estimates that the gap between global capac-
ity and global demand was 550 million tonnes in 2022, up from 475
million tonnes in 2021. Although this is a significant improvement
from the historic high of 793 million tonnes in 2015, plans should be
finalised with care.
worldsteel has proposed the following principles to guide dis-
cussion on excess capacity and structural adjustment in the steel
sector:
l Governments should promote a swift and timely restructuring of
the steel industry by advancing policies that ensure market forc-
es play a decisive role in determining the future of the industry.
2023 2022
JUNE24_STEEL.indd 56 6/19/2024 7:10:26 PM

57. MATERIAL RECYCLING JUNE 2024 57
1 China Baowu Group  130.77
2 ArcelorMittal 68.52
3 Ansteel Group 55.89
4 Nippon Steel Corporation 43.66
5 HBIS Group 41.34
6 Shagang Group 40.54
7 POSCO Holdings 38.44
8 Jianlong Group 36.99
9 Shougang Group 33.58
10 Tata Steel Group
TOP 10 STEEL-PRODUCING COMPANIES 2023
29.5
Rank Total exports Mt Rank Total imports Mt
1 China 94.3 1 Eu (27)  39.2
2 Japan 32.2 2 United States 26.4
3 South Korea 27 3 Germany  18.7
4 EU (27)  26 4 Italy  18.7
5 Germany  22.5 5 Türkiye 18
6 Italy  16.1 6 Mexico 17.5
7 Belgium  14.6 7 South Korea 15
8 Russia 13.9 8 Viet Nam 14
9 Türkiye 12.7 9 Thailand 13.7
10 Brazil 12.3 10 Indonesia 12.4
11 Iran 11.9 11 France  11.8
12 Netherlands  11.8 12 Belgium 11.6
13 France 9.9 13 Poland 11.6
14 India 9.9 14 China 11
15 Indonesia 9.6 15 Spain  10.2
16 Taiwan, China 9.5 16 India 9.8
17 United States 8.9 17 Netherlands  9
18 Viet Nam 8.6 18 Canada 8.6
19 Spain  7.8 19 Taiwan, China 7.5
20 Malaysia 7.6 20 Malaysia 7.1
MAJOR IMPORTERS AND EXPORTERS OF STEEL 2023
APPARENT STEEL USE 2019 TO 2023
2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
World 1779.31 1790.41 1843.71 1783.01 1763
China   911.9 1008.7   954.4   926.7 895.7
India   102.6   89.3   106.2   116.1 133.4
(million tonnes, finished steel products)
APPARENT STEEL USE PER CAPITA 2019 TO 2023
2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
World 229.2 228.4 233.2 223.7 219.3
China  641.3  707.9   669.3  649.9 628.3
India  74.2  64.0   75.5  82.0 93.4
(million tonnes, finished steel products)
Past restructuring was only
successful when government
support and other barriers to
orderly market transformation
were removed. Industrial com-
petitiveness was maintained
and improved as a result of re-
structuring.
l Market-oriented approach-
es should ensure survival of
the fittest producers. Ineffi-
cient producers should not
be subsidised to remain in
operation.
It is important to always
maintain a level playing field
between producers. Long-term
sustainable producers have to
meet environmental, financial
and social expectations.
l Barriers to exit that delay
restructuring should be re-
moved in an orderly and
timely way.
Development of a long-term
restructuring plan should iden-
tify and remove barriers to exit.
As the industry remains one of
the least consolidated, barriers
which prevent efficient merg-
ers should also be reviewed.
l Develop safety net support
that mitigates the conse-
quences of restructuring.
Support should focus on
addressing the social and en-
vironmental impact of restruc-
turing.
Steel production and use:
geographical distribution, 2023
Steel production and use:
geographical distribution, 2013
JUNE24_STEEL.indd 57 6/19/2024 7:10:26 PM

58. 58 MATERIAL RECYCLING JUNE 2024
BRIEFS
F
rance-based company Carbios has
partnered with cosmetics brand
L’Occitane en Provence to develop
a transparent polyethylene terephthalate
(PET) bottle made entirely from
enzymatic recycling. In collaboration,
the companies say the bottle exemplifies
a shared desire to build an efficient
European recycling sector to accelerate
the transition to a circular economy for
plastic and meet brands’ commitments
for more sustainable packaging solutions.
According to Carbios, the PET
bottle was made via its enzymatic
depolymerization process and with a
European value chain committed to
responsible consumption of sustainable
materials. The bottle’s production began
with the local supply of PET scrap that
had already been collected, sorted
and prepared and was sent to Carbios’
industrial demonstrator in Clermont-
Ferrand, France. The material consisted
of colored bottles, multilayer trays and
mechanical recycling residues.
Carbios says it deconstructed the
PET material into its original monomers,
PTA and MEG, using its bio-recycling
technology. The resulting monomers
were then repolymerized into new, fully
recycled PET resins. A recent life cycle
analysis shows a 57 percent reduction in
CO2 emissions in its process compared
to virgin plastic production, and for
every ton of recycled PET produced, 1.3
tons of oil are avoided. Compared with
conventional recycling, the company says
enzymatic recycling is five times more
circular, citing calculations based on the
Ellen MacArthur Foundation’s Material
Circularity Indicator.
The company says that because of
its highly selective enzyme, which is
optimized for efficient PET degradation,
its depolymerization technology can
handle all types of PET scrap, including
colored, multilayer or textile material
that cannot be recycled with current
technologies. Additionally, the company
says its process complements mechanical
recycling, and the PTA and MEG
monomers it produces make it possible to
recreate recycled PET products suitable
for food contact and of identical quality to
those of petroleum origin.
PLASTIC RECYCLING
French companies develop PET bottles using enzymatic recycling
GREEN STEEL
Tata Steel chooses Dutch EAF technology
T
he Tata Steel Nederland business
unit of India-based Tata Steel has
selected a lead technology provider
to help enact the Green Steel Plan at
its IJmuiden integrated steelmaking
complex in Velsen-Noord, Netherlands.
According to the steel producer, by 2030
it plans to have replaced its largest blast
furnace on the site with an electric arc
furnace (EAF) production line that will
help it reduce its CO2 emissions at the site
by about 40 percent. According to Italy-
based technology vendor Tenova SpA, the
project involves the installation of a direct-
reduced iron (DRI) plant, it also will result
in greater steel recycling volumes.
“From 2030 onwards, we will increase
the use of scrap from 17 percent to 30
percent,” Tata Steel Nederland says.The
project will involve the replacement of
the largest blast furnace on the site (BF7)
and one of the coke-making plants (KGF2)
with DRI and EAF equipment. The overall
contract will include engineering, supply,
and advisory services for a 3 million tonnes
[per year] electric arc furnace. In addition
to the DRI and EAF equipment, Tenova
lists continuous casting, electromagnetic
stirring and secondary metallurgy
equipment as part of the Green Steel Plan
project. Also included will be innovative
technologies aimed at minimizing the
environmental impact of the new plant
including an innovative fumes treatment
plant, a waste energy recovery system
and a dry slag granulation unit.
BATTERY RECYCLING
GM arm to recycle
battery scrap
R
edwood Materials, the battery
recycling startup founded by
former Tesla co-founder JB
Straubel, will be recycling production
scrap for batteries going into
General Motors electric vehicles. The
company announced that it’s working
with Ultium Cells, the joint battery
manufacturing venture between GM
and LG Energy Solution, to recycle
cathode, anode and cell scrap from
both their Warren, Ohio and Spring
Hill, Tennessee facilities.
Redwood will recycle Ultium’s
scrap and process it into high-quality
battery materials, which are then
supplied back to cell manufacturers
as domestically produced anode and
cathode components. Processing the
materials -- not just recycling them
-- is also part of Redwood’s long-term
strategy, as the price of materials
fluctuates regularly.
BRIEFS_JUNE_24.indd 58 6/19/2024 7:06:24 PM

59. MATERIAL RECYCLING JUNE 2024 59
METALS MARKET
India poised for growth
I
ndia is poised for a significant
increase in metals demand, driven
by ambitious infrastructure projects
and clean energy initiatives. As the
nation invests heavily in building robust
infrastructure, the requirement for metals
like steel, aluminium, and copper is set
to rise sharply. The government’s focus
on renewable energy, including solar
and wind power, further propels this
demand, as these sectors rely heavily
on metal components. The expansion
of India’s infrastructure, encompassing
roads, bridges, and urban development,
necessitates vast quantities of steel
and other metals. These projects are
critical for economic growth, enhancing
connectivity, and improving the quality
of life for millions. Simultaneously, India’s
commitment to achieving its clean energy
targets amplifies the need for metals.
Solar panels, wind turbines, and electric
vehicles (EVs) are metal-intensive,
driving up the consumption of aluminium,
copper, and rare earth elements.
India’s clean energy plans are
particularly noteworthy. The country aims
to achieve 450 GW of renewable energy
capacity by 2030. This ambitious target
involves large-scale deployment of solar
and wind energy projects, both of which
require substantial metal inputs. Solar
energy, for instance, demands significant
amounts of aluminium for panel frames
and copper for wiring. Wind turbines also
require considerable amounts of steel and
other metals.Moreover, the push towards
electric mobility is another significant
factor. The Indian government’s initiatives
to promote EVs, including subsidies
and incentives for manufacturers and
consumers, are expected to increase the
demand for metals like lithium, nickel, and
cobalt, essential for battery production.
This surge in metals demand presents
both opportunities and challenges. While
it offers a boost to the mining and metals
industry, ensuring sustainable
S
wiss Steel Group has
announced its participation in a
renewable energy consortium,
the ‘Initiative EE-Industrie’. This
initiative, consisting of 19 small and
medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in
Germany, aims to build, operate and
utilize wind and photovoltaic plants
for self-supply with green electricity.
Based on initial forecasts, the
consortium will require a total
output of 220 MW of wind power
and 80 MW of photovoltaics. These
figures correspond to around 35-40
modern wind turbines and a ground-
mounted PV system of 960,000
square meters.
The importance of a stable and
competitive electricity price from
sustainable sources for the steel
industry cannot be overemphasized.
Especially on the electric arc
furnace route, where Swiss Steel
Group operates as a leader, the
availability of affordable green
electricity is of crucial importance
for further decarbonization efforts.
The initiative firmly believes that
a collaborative approach offers
the most promising opportunity to
secure much-needed quantities of
low CO2 energy, leverage bundling
effects and optimize the cost of
green power generation.
As a first step, the companies
involved have commissioned the
development of a practicable and
legally compliant concept and to
determine the economic framework
conditions. At the same time, the
participants in this pioneering
initiative are urging politicians
to support competitive green
electricity. Koch adds,
“The transformation to CO2-
neutral processes is crucial for the
steel industry and stable energy
prices play a central role in this. As
a company that is one of the leading
European green steel producers,
we see it as our responsibility to
continue to actively contribute
to decarbonization and expand
our role as a trendsetter. But to
do this, we need a competitive
overall price for green electricity.
We hope that our joint efforts with
the “Initiative EE-Industrie” will
not only drive forward our own
green transformation, but also
set an example and inspire other
companies to also embark on
this path.”
ENERGY TRANSITION
Renewable energy to power Swiss Steel Group
BRIEFS_JUNE_24.indd 59 6/19/2024 7:06:24 PM

60. 60 MATERIAL RECYCLING JUNE 2024
E
uropean Metal Recycling (EMR) has opened a
pilot centre for reprocessing used wind turbines.
The Warrington-headquartered firm now accepts
all parts of the sustainable power infrastructure assets
at its Glasgow South Street site.
Nine-tenths of a typical turbine can be infinitely
recycled, according to EMR, allowing the new facility
to boost the circular economy. The plant also looks
to reuse and refurbish components where possible.
Although steel, aluminium and copper from the
turbines can be relatively easily recycled, many blades
are constructed with a mixture of balsa wood and
fiberglass.
The new site has achieved a permit to receive and
store these items to trial innovative techniques to
handle and downsize them to enable repurposing,
recovery and recycling. Research and development
projects to boost reclamation of rare earth magnets
used within modern wind turbines will also be based at
the new processing centre.
ENERGY TRANSITION
EMR opens recycling center for
wind turbines
RECOVERED PAPER
Exports to follow downward trend
I
n March, the Washington-based Recycled Materials
Association (ReMA) released a report that showed US
recovered paper exports were down all of 2023 compared
with 2022, the trend has continued into this year. US exports
of recovered paper declined 19 percent in the first quarter of
2024 to 2.98 million metric tonnes, based on data from ReMA,
the US International Trade Commission and Census Bureau,
while the value of those exports declined nearly 17 percent to
$600 million. Figures were down even further when comparing
monthly totals, as US recovered paper exports were down about
23 percent this March compared with March 2023, however,
ReMA reports March export volume increased 5 percent
compared with February export volume.
Thailand was the top importer of US recovered paper in the
first quarter, taking in 547,183 metric tonnes, but that number
is down almost 27 percent from the first quarter of 2023 when
Thailand imported 747,105 metric tonnes. According to ReMA,
last year, Thailand was one of only two top-10 countries that
bought more U.S. recovered paper than it did the previous year.
India was the second-largest buyer in the first quarter, taking in
514,472 metric tonnes—down almost 25 percent from the first
quarter of 2023.
The remaining top buyers include:
l Mexico: 460,833 metric tonnes
l Malaysia: 428,830 metric tonnes
l Vietnam: 269,701 metric tonnes
l Canada: 241,520 metric tonnes
l South Korea: 133,246 metric tonnes
l China: 120,841 metric tonnes
l Taiwan: 96,695 metric tonnes
l Indonesia: 56,814 metric tonnes
Of the top 10 importers of US recovered paper, only two
countries, Malaysia and Canada, purchased more in the first
quarter of 2024 than they did the first quarter of 2023. Malaysian
imports were up 62.3 percent in the first quarter while Canadian
imports were up 40.5 percent. The steepest decline was in
Taiwan, where imports were down 54.6 percent in the first
quarter. In total, the top 10 US recovered paper importers
decreased purchases by 17.6 percent, while the rest of the world
saw a 45 percent decrease, from 205,921 metric tonnes in the
first quarter of 2023 to 113,260 metric tonnes in the most recent
quarter.
W
elspun Corp and its associate entity EPIC has
signed multiple agreements worth SAR 1.65
billion (about Rs 3,670Cr) with Saudi Arabian
Oil Co. (Aramco) for the supply of steel pipes.
The duration of the contracts is 19 months, and the
financial impact of the contracts will be reflected from
the fourth quarter of the financial year 2024-25 to the
last quarter of the financial year 2025-26.
“Our associate company East Pipes Integrated
Company for Industry (EPIC) today announced multi
contracts sign off with Saudi Arabian Oil Co. (Aramco)
with value exceeding (Saudi Riyal) SAR 1.65 billion
(approximately Rs 3,670Cr) inclusive of value added tax
for manufacturing and supply of steel pipes,” it said.
STEEL TRADE
Aramco signs Rs 3,670Cr contract
with Welspun Corp
BRIEFS_JUNE_24.indd 60 6/19/2024 7:06:25 PM

61. MATERIAL RECYCLING JUNE 2024 61
TEXTILE RECYCLING
‘Empower Governme s to foster circularity’
NON FERROUS
LME reports rebound in nickel contract activity
L
ondon Metal Exchange (LME) says
the exchange’s nickel contract
has rebounded from the turmoil
it experienced in 2022. BIR 2024 World
Recycling Convention guest speaker
Alberto Xodo, an LME product specialist
for steel and nickel, said liquidity has
returned to the contract and that open
interest has started rising again.
The first several months of this year
have seen activity on the contract rising
close to March 2022 levels. Xodo said
that, following an earlier disconnect in
the wake of the suspension, convergence
had been restored between prices on the
LME and the Shanghai Futures Exchange
(SHFE).
Referring to hedging, Xodo indicated
the turnaround reflected “the value
companies attach to protecting
themselves.” He also said measures put
in place by the LME to prevent a repeat
of the situation in 2022, including the
introduction of 15 percent upper and
lower daily price limits for all metals, had
been helpful.
LME had put in considerable work to
regain trust, including from recyclers,
“and the contract seems to have come
back to life.”
Vlasov predicted China and Indonesia
would be the drivers behind a projected
3.9 percent compound annual growth rate
for stainless slab production from 2023 to
2028 while output in Europe and North
America would be ‘relatively stable’.
Stainless scrap demand would continue
to come from the latter two continents,
however, while China and emerging
markets would rely more on other raw
materials, Vlasov said.
Doug Kramer of California-based
Spectrum Alloys LLC summarized
regional stainless scrap market reports,
noting stainless steel scrap demand from
mills in Taiwan had weakened further in
this year’s first quarter. Meanwhile, mills
in India were looking to rebuild their
low raw material inventories and had
resumed booking scrap cargoes in recent
weeks, Kramer said.
Europe’s crude stainless production
had been hit by strikes at more than one
mill, so scrap prices there had not gained
significant ground despite scarce supply
and higher LME nickel values, according
to BIR committee members on that
continent.
Nonetheless, overall mill demand
for stainless scrap in Europe was
characterized as robust during the first
quarter of this year, with the EU recording
a year-on-year increase of more than 50
percent in net imports from beyond its
borders in the first two months of this year.
A
t the sixth session of the United
Nations Environment Assembly
(UNEA-6), governments called
for the United Nations Environment
Programme (UNEP) to facilitate a Global
Textiles Policy Dialogue, aiming to create
a space to empower governments to
foster circularity across the value chain.
The clothing and textiles sector
matters for global and local economies,
representing millions in jobs and US$1.5
trillion in revenue. It, however, struggles
to address its contribution to climate
change, nature loss and pollution.
At an event held alongside, Mustafa
Tuzcu, Türkiye’s Deputy Minister of Trade,
called for UNEP to “bring and convene a
wide array of governments in an inclusive
policy dialogue to facilitate the transition
towards a climate neutral, resource
efficient and circular textile sector”.
Panelists acknowledged that tackling
the negative environmental impacts
of the textile value chain requires a
systemic change with lifecycle-based
and upstream policies, such as products
designed with resource efficiency
and circularity principles. To succeed,
solutions need to be economically viable
for industry and attractive enough for
consumers. “To bring about policy
coherence, we must find sustainable
ways to balance consumption and
production within a frame of human
rights, environmental and sustainability
laws,” said Ligia Noronha, United Nations
Assistant Secretary-General and Head of
the UNEP New York Office.
“The growing popularity of ultra-fast
fashion, low-quality products and very
low prices, is contributing to an explosion
in textile waste,” said HE Arnaud Suquet,
France’s Ambassador to Kenya and UNEP
Permanent Representative. “We need to
start thinking collectively about the issue
of textile waste and France is ready to get
involved.”
In 2008, France introduced an Extended
Producer Responsibility (EPR) scheme
which has helped to increase textile
waste collection. A draft law on ultra-fast
fashion aims to develop a legal definition,
discuss financial penalties for such
products within the EPR scheme, increase
awareness of its negative impacts, and
ban its advertising.
BRIEFS_JUNE_24.indd 61 6/19/2024 7:06:26 PM

62. 62 MATERIAL RECYCLING JUNE 2024
NEW MEMBERS
WE WELCOME OUR NEWLY JOINED MEMBERS DURING THE MONTH OF JUNE 2024
SR. NO. COMPANY NAME CITY/TOWN STATE / COUNTRY REPRESENTATIVE NAME
NATIONAL
1 Kothari Impex Ahmedabad Gujarat Mr. Shreepal Shah, C.E.O
2 Chamunda Industries Mumbai Maharashtra Mr. Maheshkumar Sheth, Proprietor
3 Rs Metals Jalandhar Punjab Mr. Yuvraj Mago, Proprietor
4 Adarsh Stainless Pvt Ltd Mumbai Maharashtra Mr. Bhavya Jain
5 Marangoni South Asia Private Limited Mumbai Maharashtra Mr. Hemant Kaul, Chief Executive Officer
6 Nikko Systems Private Limited Mumbai Maharashtra Mr. Vispi Adajania, Chief Executive Officer
7 VKG Trexim New Delhi Delhi Mr. Deepak Goyal, Proprietor
8 Sri Neelayum Precoated Steel Pvt. Ltd. Patna Bihar Mr. Sankalp Sarraf, Director
9 Atishay Metal Faridabad Haryana Mr. Rishab Jain, Partner
10 Rama Udyog Pvt. Ltd. Raipur Chhattisgarh Mr. Pankaj Somani, CEO
11 Bansal Tradelink Faridabad Hayrana Mr. Sanjeev kumar Bansal, Partner
12 Sihorwala Steel Traders Navi Mumbai Maharashtra Mr. Ibrahim Salim Ganiyani, MD / CEO
13 Falah Global Ventures Bhavnagar Gujarat Mr. Anas Amin Lakhani, Proprietor
14 Maxima Product Solutions Pune Maharashtra Mr. Sameer Kshirsagar, CEO-Propreitor
INTERNATIONAL
1 DDT Holdings Pty. Ltd. Sydney Australia Mr. Rajeev Saraff
2 Aspire International General Trading LLC Dubai U. A. E. Mr. Saurabh Puri, Director
M
RAI is an umbrella organization having under
its wings most of the National and Regional
Trade Associations and almost all of the interna-
tional trade associations related and associated
with recycling. Whether it is leading National Associations
such as CII and FICCI or International Organizations such
as Bureau of International Recycling , BIR and Institute of
Scrap Recycling Industries , ISRI, MRAI works shoulder to
shoulder in promoting Responsible recycling across indus-
tries. MRAI’s collective strength comprises over 20,000 small,
medium and large enterprises, directly and indirectly em-
ploying 25 lakh people.
MRAI offers unparalleled opportunities to develop Na-
tional and International business contacts. Join MRAI to get
access to Members Directory, an essential networking and in-
formation tool featuring details about potential organizations
that includes suppliers and customers all over the world.
MRAI extensive network has become an influential source
of information for public authorities, the media, and other
industry sectors. Representing its member's interests, MRAI
maintains contact with other national and international bod-
ies FICCI, ASSOCHAM, CII, BIR, BMR, ISRI, advising them
on the formulation of appropriate legislation and the promo-
tion of a more competitive Recycling Industry.
MRAI liaison with Ministry of Steel, Ministry of Com-
merce, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Mines, Ministry of
Environment and Forest, Ministry of Shipping, Customs and
took up the problems of its Members at various State Govern-
ment and Central Government level.
MRAI provides the following services to its members:
• Promoting all types of recycling in India.
• Pursuing with GOI to obtain official industry status for the
Recycling industry in India.
• Providing our Members, a proper forum to discuss the var-
ious issues faced by the Recycling Community.
• Representing the Government for abolishing the import
duties levied on the scrap material.
• Provides Membership Certificates to its Members.
• Distributing a complimentary Magazine to members.
For any queries, please contact:
Membership Dept.
Material Recycling Association of India
105/106, A Wing, Dynasty Business Park, Andheri-Kurla Road,
AndheriE, Mumbai 400059
Phone: [phone]. E-mail: [email protected]
Scan the QR Code
62_MRAI_JUNE24_New-Members.indd 62 20-06-2024 15:40:35

63. C
M
Y
CM
MY
CY
CMY
K
Membership-Ad_March24-Magazine.pdf 1 27-03-2024 16:39:18
MAR24_ADS.indd 8 01-04-2024 17:21:59

64. 64 MATERIAL RECYCLING JUNE 2024
(Updated on 13/06/2024)
(Updated on 13/06/2024)
Indian Import of Ferrous Scrap
Indian Import of Non-Ferrous Scrap
Quantity in Thousands
Indian Import of Paper Scrap
Values in Rs. Lacs
(Updated on 13/06/2024)
Indian Import of Plastic Scrap
(Updated on 13/06/2024)
Source: Ministry of Commerce Export Import Data Bank
47079000 OTHR INCL UNSORTED WASTE AND SCRAP 2,61,821.42 2,61,821.42 38,355.72 38,355.72
47071000 WSTE AND SCRP OF UNBLECHD KRAFT PAPR OR 1,67,292.71 1,67,292.71 27,823.87 27,823.87
PAPRBORD OR CORGTD PAPR/PAPRBORD
TOTAL 4,29,114.13 4,29,114.13 66,179.59 66,179.59
TRADE DATA
Quantity in Thousands
Values in Rs. Lacs
Quantity in Thousands Values in Rs. Lacs
Quantity in Thousands
Values in Rs. Lacs
740400 COPPER WASTE AND SCRAP 20,094.71 20,094.71 1,01,144.01 1,01,144.01
760200 ALUMINIUM WASTE AND SCRAP 20,094.71 20,094.71 2,12,260.40 2,12,260.40
790200 ZINC WASTE AND SCRAP 5,987.80 5,987.80 9,877.99 9,877.99
780200 LEAD WASTE AND SCRAP 8,828.13 8,828.13 12,956.45 12,956.45
750300 NICKEL WASTE AND SCRAP 352.84 352.84 2,826.07 2,826.07
TOTAL 55,358.19 55,358.19 3,39,064.92 3,39,064.92
720421 WASTE AND SCRAP OF STAINLESS STEEL 78,185.87 78,185.87 85,976.65 85,976.65
720410 WASTE AND SCRAP OF CAST IRON 14,715.40 14,715.40 5,280.05 5,280.05
720429 WASTE AND SCRAP OF OTHER ALLOY STEEL 12,817.95 12,817.95 6,700.36 6,700.36
720430 WASTE AND SCRAP OF TINNED IRON OR STEEL - - - -
720449 OTHER WASTE AND SCRAP (HMS,SHREDDED ETC.) 4,15,306.33 4,15,306.33 1,45,708.06 1,45,708.06
720450 REMELTING SCRAP INGOTS - -
TOTAL 5,21,025.55 5,21,025.55 2,43,665.12 2,43,665.12
39011010 LINEAR L0W DENSITY P0LYETHYLENE (LLDPE)   20,863.05 20,863.05 16,899.47 16,899.47
39012000 POLYETHYLENE HVNG A SPCFC GRVTY 0.94 /MORE   93,692.24 93,692.24 80,124.65 80,124.65
TOTAL 1,14,555.29 1,14,555.29 97,024.12 97,024.12
HS Code Description APR APR-APR APR APR-APR
2024 (F) 2024 (F) 2024 (F) 2024 (F)
HS CODE DESCRIPTION APR APR-APR APR APR-APR
2024 (F) 2024 (F) 2024 (F) 2024 (F)
HS CODE DESCRIPTION APR APR-APR APR APR-APR
2024 (F) 2024 (F) 2024 (F) 2024 (F)
HS CODE DESCRIPTION APR APR-APR APR APR-APR
2024 (F) 2024 (F) 2024 (F) 2024 (F)
64-65_MRAI_JUNE24_Import-Export.indd 64 20-06-2024 15:42:34

65. MATERIAL RECYCLING JUNE 2024 65
Indian Export of Paper Scrap
Indian Export of Plastic Scrap
Quantity in Thousands Values in Rs. Lacs
(Updated on 13/06/2024)
(Updated on 13/06/2024)
Source: Ministry of Commerce Export Import Data Bank
Source: Ministry of Commerce Export Import Data Bank
Source: Ministry of Commerce Export Import Data Bank
(Updated on 13/06/2024)
(Updated on 13/06/2024)
Indian Export of Ferrous Scrap
HS CODE DESCRIPTION APR APR-APR APR APR-APR
2024 (F) 2024 (F) 2024 (F) 2024 (F)
47079000 OTHR INCL UNSORTED WASTE AND SCRAP 1.23 1.23 1.95 1.95
47071000 WSTE AND SCRP OF UNBLECHD KRAFT PAPR OR 26.99 26.99 12.53 12.53
PAPRBORD OR CORGTD PAPR/PAPRBORD
TOTAL 28.22 28.22 14.48 14.48
Indian Export of Non-Ferrous Scrap
Quantity in Thousands Values in Rs. Lacs
Values in Rs. LacsQuantity in Thousands
Quantity in Thousands Values in Rs. Lacs
740400 COPPER WASTE AND SCRAP 936.74 936.74 6,087.50 6,087.50
760200 ALUMINIUM WASTE AND SCRAP 1,168.03 1,168.03 1,839.47 1,839.47
790200 ZINC WASTE AND SCRAP - - - -
780200 LEAD WASTE AND SCRAP 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.06
750300 NICKEL WASTE AND SCRAP 226.68 226.68 2,384.79 2,384.79
TOTAL 2,331.45 2,331.45 10,311.82 10,311.82
720421 WASTE AND SCRAP OF STAINLESS STEEL 145.97 145.97 487.49 487.49
720410 WASTE AND SCRAP OF CAST IRON 81.96 81.96 29.59 29.59
720429 WASTE AND SCRAP OF OTHER ALLOY STEEL 49.08 49.08 30.39 30.39
720430 WASTE AND SCRAP OF TINNED IRON OR STEEL 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03
720449 OTHER WASTE AND SCRAP (HMS,SHREDDED ETC.) 69.61 69.61 112.43 112.43
720450 REMELTING SCRAP INGOTS - - - -
TOTAL 346.64 346.64 659.93 659.93
39011010 LINEAR L0W DENSITY P0LYETHYLENE (LLDPE)   5,062.09 5,062.09 4,573.96 4,573.96
39012000 POLYETHYLENE HVNG A SPCFC GRVTY 0.94 /MORE   7,877.36 7,877.36 6,711.65 6,711.65
TOTAL 12,939.45 12,939.45 11,285.61 11,285.61
HS CODE DESCRIPTION APR APR-APR APR APR-APR
2024 (F) 2024 (F) 2024 (F) 2024 (F)
HS CODE DESCRIPTION APR APR-APR APR APR-APR
2024 (F) 2024 (F) 2024 (F) 2024 (F)
HS Code Description APR APR-APR APR APR-APR
2024 (F) 2024 (F) 2024 (F) 2024 (F)
64-65_MRAI_JUNE24_Import-Export.indd 65 20-06-2024 15:42:34

66. 66 MATERIAL RECYCLING JUNE 2024
EXPO DIARY
COPPER CHINA 2024
SHANGHAI NEW INTL. EXPO CENTER, SHANGHAI, CHINA
DATES: 3- 5 JULY 2024
ORGANISER: RX GLOBAL HQ
GLOBAL CONCLAVE ON PLASTICS RECYCLING AND
SUSTAINABILITY 2024
PRAGATI MAIDAN, NEW DELHI
DATES: 4 - 7 JUL 2024
ORGANISER: THE ALL INDIA PLASTICS MANUFACTURERS ASS.

WORLD OF RECYCLING 2024
INDIA EXPO CENTRE & MART, GREATER NOIDA
DATES: 05 - 07 JUL 2024
ORGANISER: INDIAN EXHIBITION SERVICES
RAW MAT INDIA 2024
CODISSIA TRADE FAIR COMPLEX, COIMBATORE
DATES: 10 – 12 SEPTEMBER
ORGANISER: CODISSIA INTEC TECHNOLOGY CENTER
STEEL CONSTRUCTION & EOT CRANE EXPO 2024
JIO WORLD CONVENTION CENTRE, MUMBAI
DATES: 22- 24 OCT 2024
ORGANISER: MX BUSINESS NETWORK PVT LTD
PLASTICS RECYCLING SHOW INDIA 2024
BOMBAY EXHIBITION CENTER A BEC
DATES: 04 - 06 DEC 2024
ORGANISER: PLASTICS RECYCLING SHOW INDIA, MUMBAI
ADVERTISERS’ INDEX
SR. NO. ADVERTISER’S NAME PAGE NO.
1 Sai Bandhan Infinium Pvt. Ltd. Front Gate Fold
2 Sunalco Alloys Pvt. Ltd. Front Inside
3 Guru Rajendra Metalloys India Pvt. Ltd. 5
4 Industrial Supplies and Solutions Company 7
5 Guardian Castings Pvt. Ltd. 9
6 Evident India Pvt. Ltd 11
7 Wendt Proman Metal Recycling Pvt. Ltd. 19
8 Laxcon Steels Limited 25
9 Saru Aikoh Chemicals Pvt. Ltd. 27
10 Newell Recycling Equipment, LLC 33
11 ATS Elgi Limited 41
12 Cellpap India Pvt. Ltd. 43
13 MTC Group - Mtc Business Pvt. Ltd. 49
14 GSSF 55
15 JG Chemicals Limited Back Inside
16 Fornnax Technology Pvt. Ltd. Back Cover
68_EXPO_JUNE24.indd 66 6/20/2024 3:39:55 PM

67. C
M
Y
CM
MY
CY
CMY
K
Magazine-Rates_Mag-March24.pdf 1 01-04-2024 15:52:08
MAR24_ADS.indd 7 01-04-2024 17:15:53

68. 68 MATERIAL RECYCLING JUNE 2024
NOTHING SECONDARY ABOUT IT!
Text: Ayyappan V l Illustration: Ashok Dabhade
70_JUNE24_Cartoon.indd 68 6/20/2024 3:46:27 PM

69. FEB24_ADS.indd 3 16-02-2024 12:27:43

70. JUNE24_ADS.indd 3 19-06-2024 14:00:56