Ms.SaajdaLodhi Notes Based on FBISE Class 9th Pak.Std Chapter#1.docx

Ms.Lodhy Sajjda Notes
Short Questions (with brief answers)
1.What is meant by ideology?
→ A set of beliefs and ideas that form the basis of
a nation’s political, social, and economic system.
2.What is the ideology of Pakistan based on?
→ It is based on the principles of Islam.
3.What is the Two-Nation Theory?
→ The theory that Muslims and Hindus are two
separate nations with distinct religions, cultures,
and civilizations.
4.Who presented the idea of Pakistan first?
→ Allama Iqbal in his Allahabad Address (1930).
5.Who turned the dream of Pakistan into
reality?
→ Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah.

6.What was the main objective of the Pakistan
Movement?
→ To establish a separate homeland for Muslims
where they could live according to Islamic
teachings.
7.When was the Objectives Resolution passed?
→ March 1949.
8.Who presented the Objectives Resolution?
→ Liaquat Ali Khan.
9.What does the Objectives Resolution declare
about sovereignty?
→ Sovereignty belongs to Almighty Allah alone.
10.What was the contribution of Sir Syed
Ahmad Khan to Muslim ideology?
→ He promoted modern education and
emphasized that Muslims and Hindus are two
distinct nations.
11.What is the main principle of the ideology of
Pakistan?
→ The establishment of an Islamic system of life
based on the Qur’an and Sunnah.
12.What did Allama Iqbal emphasize in his
Allahabad Address?
→ Muslims should have a separate homeland in
the northwest of India.
13.What are the main sources of Islamic
ideology?

→ The Holy Qur’an and Sunnah of the Prophet
(PBUH).
14.What was the role of Quaid-e-Azam in the
creation of Pakistan?
→ He led the Muslim League and guided the
Muslims toward achieving Pakistan.
15.What kind of state did the Muslims want to
establish?
→ A state where they could live their lives
according to Islamic principles.
?????? Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
1.The word ideology means:
A) Economy of a country
B) Way of life and beliefs
C) Language and literature
D) Political organization
→ (B)
2.The ideology of Pakistan is based on:
A) Democracy
B) Capitalism
C) Islam
D) Socialism
→ (C)
3.Who presented the Two-Nation Theory clearly?
A) Sir Syed Ahmad Khan
B) Allama Iqbal
C) Quaid-e-Azam

D) Liaquat Ali Khan
→ (A)
4.The Two-Nation Theory means:
A) Hindus and Muslims are one nation
B) Muslims and Hindus are two separate nations
C) Muslims are superior to Hindus
D) None of these
→ (B)
5.Allama Iqbal gave his Allahabad Address in:
A) 1928
B) 1930
C) 1932
D) 1940
→ (B)
6.Who gave the practical shape to the idea of Pakistan?
A) Sir Syed Ahmad Khan
B) Quaid-e-Azam
C) Liaquat Ali Khan
D) Allama Iqbal
→ (B)
7.The Objectives Resolution was passed in:
A) 1947
B) 1948
C) 1949
D) 1950
→ (C)
8.The Objectives Resolution was presented by:
A) Quaid-e-Azam
B) Liaquat Ali Khan
C) Allama Iqbal

D) Khawaja Nazimuddin
→ (B)
9.Sovereignty in Pakistan belongs to:
A) The people
B) The government
C) Almighty Allah
D) The Parliament
→ (C)
10.The ideology of Pakistan is also known as:
A) Islamic ideology
B) Hindu ideology
C) Western ideology
D) Modern ideology
→ (A)
11.The Aligarh Movement was started by:
A) Allama Iqbal
B) Quaid-e-Azam
C) Sir Syed Ahmad Khan
D) Liaquat Ali Khan
→ (C)
12.The main aim of the Pakistan Movement was:
A) Freedom from British rule
B) Establishment of a Hindu state
C) Creation of a separate Muslim state
D) Political cooperation with Hindus
→ (C)
13.The ideological basis of Pakistan is derived from:
A) Greek philosophy
B) Western thought
C) Islamic teachings

D) Indian culture
→ (C)
14.Allama Iqbal’s idea became the foundation of:
A) The Lahore Resolution
B) Pakistan’s Ideology
C) Khilafat Movement
D) Independence of India
→ (B)
15.The Lahore Resolution was passed in:
A) 1930
B) 1935
C) 1940
D) 1947
→ (C)
16.The ideology of Pakistan gives importance to:
A) Western culture
B) Islamic values
C) Hindu traditions
D) Modern civilization only
→ (B)
17.Who said, “Pakistan came into being the day the
first Indian converted to Islam”?
A) Allama Iqbal
B) Quaid-e-Azam
C) Sir Syed Ahmad Khan
D) Liaquat Ali Khan
→ (B)
18.Which of the following is the foundation of an
Islamic society?
A) Justice and equality

B) Industrial development
C) Political power
D) Economic system
→ (A)
19.The Objectives Resolution serves as:
A) A preface to the constitution
B) An economic plan
C) A trade policy
D) A foreign policy guideline
→ (A)
20.The word “Pakistan” means:
A) Land of the Hindus
B) Land of the pure
C) Land of unity
D) Land of peace
→ (B)
Term Meaning
Ideology Set of beliefs and ideas of a nation
Two-Nation TheoryMuslims and Hindus are two separate nations
Objectives ResolutionGuiding principle for Pakistan’s constitution
Islamic Welfare StateState based on Islamic justice and equality
Q1:What is meant by the term ideology ?
1. Meaning of Ideology
The word Ideology means a set of beliefs, ideas, and values on
which the political, social, and economic systems of a nation are
based.
In Urdu: ہیرظن
It gives a nation a direction , purpose , and a way of life .
Q2:On which principles is the ideology of Pakistan based?

2. The Ideology of Pakistan
The ideology of Pakistan is based on Islamic principles .
It means that Muslims of the subcontinent wanted to live their
lives according to the teachings of Islam .
The Muslims had a distinct religion, culture, and civilization ,
different from Hindus.
Hence, they needed a separate homeland where they could
practice Islam freely .
Q3: How did the Two-Nation Theory form the foundation of
Pakistan’s ideology?
. Two-Nation Theory
The foundation of Pakistan’s ideology is the Two-Nation Theory .
It states that:
“Muslims and Hindus are two separate nations, with different
religions, cultures, customs, and traditions.”
Muslims cannot merge with Hindus because their values, beliefs,
and ways of life are entirely different .
Q4:What were the main points of the Two-Nation Theory?
Main Points of the Two-Nation Theory:
1.Muslims have a separate religion — Islam .
2.They follow different laws and moral values .
3.Their literature, history, and traditions are different.
4.Their social customs and festivals differ from those of Hindus.
Q5:What were the services of Muslim leaders and politicians in
the promotion and presentation of the ideology of Pakistan?”

. Historical Background of the Ideology of Pakistan
a. Role of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan
Emphasized modern education for Muslims.
Founded Aligarh Movement .
Declared that Muslims and Hindus are two nations .
Urged Muslims to remain loyal to their religion and avoid blind
imitation of the West.
b. Allama Iqbal’s Role
Gave the idea of a separate homeland for Muslims in his
Allahabad Address (1930) .
Said that Muslims should have an independent state in the
northwest of India.
His concept laid the intellectual foundation for Pakistan.
c. Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah’s Role
Converted the dream of Pakistan into reality .
Declared that Muslims are a separate nation with their own
religion and culture.
Led the Muslim League and Pakistan Movement successfully.
Stated in 1940 (Lahore Resolution) that Muslims wanted separate
states .
Q6: How does the ideology of Pakistan aim to protect Muslim culture
and rights?
5. Objectives of the Ideology of Pakistan
1.To live life according to Islam .
2.To protect the rights and culture of Muslims.
3.To establish an Islamic society based on justice, equality, and
fraternity .
4.To make Pakistan a welfare state where Islamic principles guide
all affairs.

Q7: How does the Objectives Resolution reflect the ideology of
Pakistan?
6. The Objectives Resolution (1949)
Passed by the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan in March 1949 .
It became the guiding principle for Pakistan’s constitution.
Main points:
1.Sovereignty belongs to Almighty Allah .
2.The state shall exercise powers within the limits prescribed by
Allah .
3.Principles of democracy, freedom, equality, tolerance, and
justice shall be observed.
4.Muslims shall be enabled to live according to the teachings
of Islam .
5.Minorities shall have freedom to practice their religions .
Long Questions (5–8 marks each)
1.Explain the meaning of ideology and describe the ideology
of Pakistan in detail.
2.Discuss the Two-Nation Theory and its importance in the
creation of Pakistan.
3.Describe the contributions of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan,
Allama Iqbal, and Quaid-e-Azam to the ideological
development of Pakistan.
4.What were the main objectives of the ideology of Pakistan?
Explain briefly.
5.Write a detailed note on the Objectives Resolution (1949)
and its significance.
6.How is the ideology of Pakistan derived from Islamic
principles?
7.Explain how the Two-Nation Theory became the foundation
for the demand for a separate homeland.

1:Explain the meaning of ideology and describe the ideology of
Pakistan in detail.
Meaning of Ideology:
The word ideology means a set of ideas, beliefs, and
principles that provide the basis for the political, social, and
economic systems of a nation.
It gives people a common purpose, helps them understand
their identity, and guides them in achieving collective
national goals.
In Urdu, ideology means ہیرظن .
It determines how a nation lives, governs, and progresses
according to its beliefs and values.
Ideology of Pakistan:
The ideology of Pakistan is based on the teachings of Islam.
It means that Muslims of the subcontinent wanted to
establish a country where they could live their lives
according to the Qur’an and Sunnah.
They believed that Islam provides a complete code of life,
guiding all aspects of human existence — moral, social,
political, and economic.
Main Principles of the Ideology of Pakistan:
1.Sovereignty of Allah:
All power and authority belong to Almighty Allah alone. The
government will exercise its powers according to the limits
set by Allah.
2.Islamic Way of Life:
The Muslims wanted a system based on the Qur’an and

Sunnah where Islamic values such as justice, equality, and
brotherhood could flourish.
3.Distinct Identity of Muslims:
Muslims and Hindus are two separate nations with different
religions, cultures, and traditions. This is the basis of the
Two-Nation Theory.
4.Protection of Muslim Culture:
The ideology aimed to preserve and promote Islamic
civilization and culture, which were at risk under Hindu
dominance.
5.Islamic Welfare State:
Pakistan was to be a state where every citizen would enjoy
justice, equality, and freedom, and where Islamic teachings
would guide all fields of life.
Historical Background:
1.Sir Syed Ahmad Khan awakened the Muslims politically and
educationally and emphasized their separate identity.
2.Allama Iqbal gave the idea of a separate homeland for
Muslims in his Allahabad Address (1930).
3.Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah converted this idea
into reality by leading the Pakistan Movement and
demanding a separate state for Muslims.
Conclusion:
The ideology of Pakistan is deeply rooted in Islam.
It was not based on race, language, or territory, but on the
spiritual and cultural unity of the Muslims of the
subcontinent.
The purpose of creating Pakistan was to establish a state
where Muslims could live freely according to Islamic
principles and develop a society based on justice, equality,
and moral values

2: Discuss the Two-Nation Theory and its importance in the
creation of Pakistan.
Introduction:
The Two-Nation Theory is the foundation of the ideology of
Pakistan.
It means that the Muslims and Hindus of the subcontinent were
two distinct nations, having different religions, cultures,
traditions, and social systems.
This difference made it impossible for them to live together in
one political system.
Meaning of the Two-Nation Theory:
The Two-Nation Theory states that:
“Muslims and Hindus are two separate nations by every
definition — religious, social, cultural, and political.”
Muslims believe in One God (Allah), follow the Holy Qur’an,
and live by Islamic principles.
Hindus, on the other hand, have different beliefs, deities, and
social customs such as caste distinction.
Thus, their ways of life are completely different.
Main Points of the Two-Nation Theory:
1.Different Religion:
Islam and Hinduism are two separate religions with
opposing beliefs and values.
2.Different Culture and Civilization:
Muslims have their own culture — based on modesty,
equality, and unity — while Hindu culture follows caste
divisions and idol worship.

3.Different Social Systems:
Muslims believe in social equality, while Hindus follow a
rigid caste system dividing people into high and low classes.
4.Different Historical Background:
Muslims ruled India for centuries and developed their own
traditions and history, which differed from that of the
Hindus.
5.Different Aims of Life:
Muslims aim to live according to Islamic teachings, whereas
Hindus base their lives on Hindu philosophy and rituals.
Role of Muslim Leaders in Promoting the Two-Nation Theory:
Sir Syed Ahmad Khan first highlighted that Hindus and
Muslims were two different nations with distinct interests.
Allama Iqbal in his Allahabad Address (1930) proposed a
separate homeland for the Muslims of northwest India.
Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah made the Two-
Nation Theory the political foundation of the Pakistan
Movement.
He said:
“Hindus and Muslims belong to two different religious
philosophies, social customs, and literatures. They neither
intermarry nor inter-dine together.”
Importance in the Creation of Pakistan:
1.Basis of the Demand for Pakistan:
The Two-Nation Theory provided a clear reason for
Muslims to demand a separate homeland.
2.Unity among Muslims:
It united Muslims from all parts of India under a single goal
— the creation of Pakistan.

3.Protection of Muslim Identity:
It ensured the preservation of Islamic culture, civilization,
and values.
4.Formation of Pakistan:
The Two-Nation Theory ultimately led to the Lahore
Resolution (1940) and the creation of Pakistan in 1947.
Conclusion:
The Two-Nation Theory was not just a political idea but a
spiritual and cultural movement.
It made Muslims realize that their survival, freedom, and
progress were possible only in a separate Islamic state.
Therefore, this theory became the ideological foundation of
Pakistan and remains the basis of its national identity even today.
Q3. Describe the contributions of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, Allama
Iqbal, and Quaid-e-Azam to the ideological development of
Pakistan.
Introduction:
The creation of Pakistan was not a sudden event but the result of
the continuous efforts and vision of great Muslim leaders.
Among them, Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, Allama Muhammad Iqbal,
and Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah played the most
important roles.
Their services helped in awakening the political, educational,
and ideological consciousness of the Muslims of the
subcontinent.
1. Sir Syed Ahmad Khan (1817–1898)
a) Educational Services:

After the War of Independence (1857), the Muslims of India
were left backward and hopeless.
Sir Syed realized that education was the key to their
progress.
He founded the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College at
Aligarh in 1875 (later upgraded to Aligarh Muslim
University).
Through the Aligarh Movement, he promoted modern and
scientific education among Muslims.
b) Political Awareness:
Sir Syed advised Muslims to avoid blind imitation of
Western politics and to first improve themselves through
education.
He explained that Muslims and Hindus were two separate
nations, and their interests were different.
He was the first Muslim leader to clearly express the idea
that Muslims needed separate political representation.
c) Contribution to Ideology:
He laid the foundation of the Two-Nation Theory by
emphasizing the distinct identity of Muslims.
His vision inspired later leaders to struggle for a separate
homeland where Muslims could live according to Islamic
teachings.
2. Allama Muhammad Iqbal (1877–1938)
a) Philosophical Contribution:
Allama Iqbal was a great philosopher, poet, and thinker who
awakened the spirit of self-realization among Muslims.
Through his poetry, he reminded Muslims of their glorious
past and urged them to follow Islamic principles.

He believed Islam was not just a religion but a complete
way of life.
b) Allahabad Address (1930):
In his famous Allahabad Address (1930), Iqbal clearly
proposed that Muslims should have a separate homeland in
the northwest of India.
He said that Muslims were a nation by every definition and
could not prosper without political independence.
c) Contribution to Ideology:
Iqbal gave the intellectual and philosophical foundation for
the ideology of Pakistan.
He inspired Muslims to strive for freedom, unity, and
Islamic values.
His ideas later became the basis of the Pakistan Movement.
3. Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah (1876–1948)
a) Political Leadership:
Quaid-e-Azam was the leader of the All India Muslim
League and the founder of Pakistan.
He united the Muslims of the subcontinent under one
platform and gave them clear political direction.
b) Promotion of the Two-Nation Theory:
Jinnah made the Two-Nation Theory the core principle of
the Pakistan Movement.
He declared that Muslims and Hindus are two separate
nations with different religions, customs, and traditions.
He said:

“We are a nation with our own distinctive culture and
civilization.”
c) Practical Achievement:
Under his leadership, the Lahore Resolution (1940) was
passed, demanding a separate homeland for Muslims.
He guided the Muslims successfully toward the creation of
Pakistan on 14th August 1947.
d) Contribution to Ideology:
Quaid-e-Azam gave practical shape to Iqbal’s dream.
He envisioned Pakistan as a democratic and Islamic state
where justice, equality, and freedom would prevail.
Conclusion:
The contributions of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, Allama Iqbal, and
Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah were the three major
pillars of the ideological development of Pakistan.
Sir Syed gave the foundation through education and identity.
Iqbal gave the concept of a separate homeland.
Quaid-e-Azam turned that concept into reality.
Their combined efforts resulted in the creation of Pakistan — a
state based on Islamic ideology and the aspirations of the
Muslims of the subcontinent.
Q4:What were the main objectives of the ideology of Pakistan?
Explain briefly
Introduction:
The ideology of Pakistan is based on the teachings of Islam and
the desire of Muslims to live their lives according to the Qur’an

and Sunnah.
The main objective was to create a state where Muslims could
practice Islam freely and develop an Islamic society based on
justice, equality, and brotherhood.
Main Objectives of the Ideology of Pakistan:
1.To Live According to Islam:
The foremost objective was to establish a country where
Muslims could live according to the teachings of the Holy
Qur’an and Sunnah.
2.Protection of Muslim Identity and Culture:
To preserve the distinct religious, cultural, and social
identity of Muslims, which was in danger under Hindu
majority rule.
3.Establishment of an Islamic System:
To create a political, social, and economic system based on
Islamic principles such as equality, justice, and fairness.
4.Formation of an Islamic Welfare State:
To build a state where citizens would enjoy equal rights,
opportunities, and protection, and where poverty and
injustice would be eliminated.
5.Sovereignty of Allah:
To ensure that all laws and policies of the state would be
made according to the guidance of Almighty Allah.
6.Democracy and Equality:
To practice democracy, tolerance, and justice in the light of
Islamic teachings.
7.Freedom for Minorities:
To provide complete religious freedom and protection to all
minorities living in Pakistan.
Conclusion:

The main objectives of the ideology of Pakistan were to establish
a state based on Islamic values, protect Muslim identity, and
ensure justice, equality, and welfare for all.
In short, Pakistan was created to be a laboratory of Islam, where
the principles of the Qur’an and Sunnah could be practiced in
every field of life.
Q5:Write a detailed note on the Objectives Resolution (1949)
and its significance
Introduction:
After the creation of Pakistan in 1947, it became necessary to
define the guiding principles of the new state.
To achieve this, the Objectives Resolution was passed by the
Constituent Assembly of Pakistan in March 1949 under the
leadership of Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan .
This resolution laid the foundation for Pakistan’s constitution
and reflected the ideology of Pakistan .
Main Points of the Objectives Resolution:
1.Sovereignty Belongs to Allah:
All powers and authority belong to Almighty Allah alone.
The state of Pakistan will exercise these powers within the
limits prescribed by Allah .
2.Authority of the People:
The people of Pakistan will exercise their authority through
their elected representatives according to the principles of
democracy .
3.Islamic Principles:
Muslims will be enabled to order their lives according to the
teachings of the Qur’an and Sunnah .

4.Rights of Minorities:
The minorities in Pakistan will have freedom to profess and
practice their religions and develop their cultures.
5.Democracy, Freedom, and Justice:
Pakistan will be based on democracy, freedom, equality,
tolerance, and social justice , as taught by Islam.
6.Protection of Fundamental Rights:
The state will ensure the protection of the fundamental
human rights of all its citizens.
7.Peaceful Relations with Other Nations:
Pakistan will play its role in promoting peace and goodwill
among nations of the world.
Significance of the Objectives Resolution:
1.Foundation of the Constitution:
The Objectives Resolution served as the basis for all future
constitutions of Pakistan (1956, 1962, and 1973).
2.Reflection of Islamic Ideology:
It clearly expressed that Pakistan’s political system would
be based on Islamic teachings and the ideology of Pakistan .
3.Balance Between Islam and Democracy:
It combined Islamic principles with democratic values ,
ensuring both religious guidance and modern governance.
4.Protection of Minorities:
It guaranteed the religious freedom and rights of minorities,
showing that Islam promotes tolerance and equality.
5.Guiding Principle for Lawmaking:
It provided moral and constitutional guidance for the
lawmakers of Pakistan.
6.Expression of the Muslim Nation’s Objectives:
It clearly declared that the main purpose of Pakistan’s
creation was to establish a state based on Islamic justice and
equality .

Conclusion:
The Objectives Resolution (1949) is a historic document that laid
the foundation for Pakistan’s Islamic and democratic system .
It expressed the spirit of the Pakistan Movement and became a
permanent part of the 1973 Constitution .
It reminds us that Pakistan was created to be a state where
sovereignty belongs to Allah , and where Muslims can live their
lives according to the teachings of Islam while ensuring justice
and freedom for all .
Q6: How is the ideology of Pakistan derived from Islamic
principles?
Introduction:
The ideology of Pakistan is completely based on Islamic
principles and teachings.
Islam is not only a religion but a complete code of life that
provides guidance in every field — political, social,
economic, and moral.
The Muslims of the subcontinent wanted to establish a
country where they could live according to the Qur’an and
Sunnah, and this became the foundation of Pakistan’s
ideology.
Ideology of Pakistan and Islamic Principles:
1.Sovereignty of Allah:
In Islam, all authority and power belong to Almighty Allah.
The government and people are only trustees who must act
according to His commands.
This concept was included in the Objectives Resolution
(1949).
2.Unity of the Muslim Ummah:
Islam teaches brotherhood and unity among Muslims.
The creation of Pakistan was meant to unite Muslims under

one flag and provide a homeland for the Muslim Ummah of
South Asia.
3.Justice and Equality:
Islam emphasizes justice, equality, and fair treatment for all.
The ideology of Pakistan aims to establish an Islamic
welfare state where no one is oppressed or discriminated
against.
4.Democracy and Consultation (Shura):
Islam encourages decision-making through mutual
consultation (Shura).
Therefore, the ideology of Pakistan supports democratic
governance based on Islamic values.
5.Protection of Rights:
Islam guarantees the rights of all individuals, including
minorities, women, and the poor.
The ideology of Pakistan ensures freedom of religion and
equality before law for everyone.
6.Moral and Social System:
Islam provides a complete moral and social code, guiding
Muslims to lead righteous lives.
The ideology of Pakistan aims to build a society based on
honesty, discipline, and service to humanity.
7.Economic Justice:
Islam condemns exploitation and interest (riba) and
promotes economic fairness.
The ideology of Pakistan supports an economy based on
Islamic principles of zakat, charity, and social welfare.
Conclusion:
The ideology of Pakistan is deeply rooted in Islam.
It reflects the desire of Muslims to establish a state governed
by the principles of the Qur’an and Sunnah, ensuring justice,
equality, and welfare for all citizens.
Thus, Pakistan was created not merely as a piece of land but

as a place where Islamic values could be practiced freely
and serve as a model for an Islamic way of life.
Q7: Explain how the Two-Nation Theory became the foundation
for the demand for a separate homeland.
Introduction:
The Two-Nation Theory is the foundation of the ideology of
Pakistan .
It means that the Muslims and Hindus of the subcontinent were
two separate nations with different religions, philosophies,
cultures, and social systems.
This difference led the Muslims to realize that they could not
live under a single political system dominated by the Hindu
majority.
Explanation of the Two-Nation Theory:
The Two-Nation Theory stated that:
“Muslims and Hindus are two distinct nations by every
definition — religion, culture, tradition, and history.”
Muslims follow Islam , which teaches equality, brotherhood, and
the sovereignty of Allah, while Hindus follow Hinduism , which
believes in multiple gods and a caste system .
Because of these deep differences, both could not coexist in one
state.
Why the Two-Nation Theory Led to the Demand for a
Separate Homeland:
1.Religious Differences:
The Muslims had a religion, Islam, that governed their entire

way of life, while the Hindus followed their own beliefs and
practices.
These differences made it impossible for both nations to
share the same political and social system.
2.Cultural and Social Differences:
The Muslims and Hindus had different languages, food,
dress, and festivals .
The Muslims believed in simplicity and equality, while
Hindu culture promoted caste divisions and idol worship.
3.Political Inequality:
Under British rule, Hindus were politically and
economically stronger.
Muslims feared that after independence, they would be
treated as a minority and their rights would be ignored.
4.Protection of Muslim Identity:
The Two-Nation Theory helped Muslims understand that
only a separate homeland could protect their religion,
culture, and traditions .
5.Role of Muslim Leaders:
oSir Syed Ahmad Khan first presented the idea that
Muslims and Hindus are two different nations.
oAllama Iqbal , in his Allahabad Address (1930),
proposed a separate homeland for Muslims.
oQuaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah made the
Two-Nation Theory the political foundation of the
Pakistan Movement.
Result — The Demand for Pakistan:
The Two-Nation Theory became the basis of the Lahore
Resolution (1940) , in which Muslims formally demanded
independent states in Muslim-majority areas.
This movement ultimately led to the creation of Pakistan
on 14th August 1947.

Conclusion:
The Two-Nation Theory clearly showed that Muslims were a
separate nation with their own religion, culture, and values .
It gave them unity, purpose, and direction.
Therefore, it became the foundation for the demand for a
separate homeland , resulting in the establishment of Pakistan ,
where Muslims could live freely according to Islamic
principles .

Ms.SaajdaLodhi Notes Based on FBISE Class 9th Pak.Std Chapter#1.docx

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