MS SAJJDALODHI notes based on IGCSE EXAM Topic Asian countries and their physiography.docx
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About This Presentation
Long Question Answer based on
IGCSE NOTES
Asian countries and their physiography
06countries out of
(49 countries)
North Korea
North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the northern half of the Korean Penin...
Long Question Answer based on
IGCSE NOTES
Asian countries and their physiography
06countries out of
(49 countries)
North Korea
North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the northern half of the Korean Peninsula and borders China and Russia to the north at the Yalu (Amnok) and Tumen rivers, and South Korea to the south at the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ).The country's western border is formed by the Yellow Sea, while its eastern border is defined by the Sea of Japan. North Korea, like its southern counterpart, claims to be the sole legitimate government of the entire peninsula and adjacent islands. Pyongyang is the capital and largest city.
The Korean Peninsula was first inhabited as early as the Lower Paleolithic period. Its first kingdom was noted in Chinese records in the early 7th century BCE. Following the unification of the Three Kingdoms of Korea into Silla and Balhae in the late 7th century, Korea was ruled by the Goryeo dynasty (918–1392) and the Joseon dynasty (1392–1897). The succeeding Korean Empire (1897–1910) was annexed in 1910 into the Empire of Japan. In 1945, after the Japanese surrender at the end of World War II, Korea was divided into two zones along the 38th parallel, with the north occupied by the Soviet Union and the south occupied by the United States. In 1948, separate governments were formed in Korea: the socialist and Soviet-aligned Democratic People's Republic of Korea in the north, and the capitalist, Western-aligned Republic of Korea in the south. North Korean invasion of South Korea in 1950 started the Korean War. In 1953, the Korean Armistice Agreement brought about a ceasefire and established a demilitarized zone (DMZ), but no formal peace treaty has ever been signed. Post-war North Korea benefited greatly from economic aid and expertise provided by other Eastern Bloc countries. However, Kim Il Sung, North Korea's first leader, promoted his personal philosophy of Juche as the state ideology. Pyongyang's international isolation sharply accelerated from the 1980s onwards as the Cold War came to an end. The fall of the Soviet Union in 1991 then brought about a sharp decline to the North Korean economy. From 1994 to 1998, North Korea suffered a famine with the population continuing to suffer from malnutrition. In 2024, the DPRK formally abandoned efforts to peacefully reunify Korea.
North Korea is a totalitarian dictatorship with a comprehensive cult of personality around the Kim family. Amnesty International considers the country to have the worst human rights record in the world. Officially, North Korea is an "independent socialist state" which holds democratic elections; however, outside observers have described the elections as unfair, uncompetitive, and pre-determined, in a manner similar to elections in the Soviet Union. The Workers' Party of Korea is the ruling party of North Korea. According to Article 3 of the constit
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Slide Content
Long Question Answer based on
IGCSE NOTES
Asian countries and their physiography
06countries out of
(49 countries)
North Korea
North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), is a country in East Asia.
It constitutes the northern half of the Korean Peninsula and borders China and Russia to the north at
the Yalu (Amnok) and Tumen rivers, and South Korea to the south at the Korean Demilitarized Zone
(DMZ).The country's western border is formed by the Yellow Sea, while its eastern border is defined
by the Sea of Japan. North Korea, like its southern counterpart, claims to be the sole legitimate
government of the entire peninsula and adjacent islands. Pyongyang is the capital and largest city.
The Korean Peninsula was first inhabited as early as the Lower Paleolithic period. Its first kingdom
was noted in Chinese records in the early 7th century BCE. Following the unification of the Three
Kingdoms of Korea into Silla and Balhae in the late 7th century, Korea was ruled by the Goryeo
dynasty (918–1392) and the Joseon dynasty (1392–1897). The succeeding Korean Empire (1897–
1910) was annexed in 1910 into the Empire of Japan. In 1945, after the Japanese surrender at the end
of World War II, Korea was divided into two zones along the 38th parallel, with the north occupied by
the Soviet Union and the south occupied by the United States. In 1948, separate governments were
formed in Korea: the socialist and Soviet-aligned Democratic People's Republic of Korea in the north,
and the capitalist, Western-aligned Republic of Korea in the south. North Korean invasion of South
Korea in 1950 started the Korean War. In 1953, the Korean Armistice Agreement brought about a
ceasefire and established a demilitarized zone (DMZ), but no formal peace treaty has ever been
signed. Post-war North Korea benefited greatly from economic aid and expertise provided by other
Eastern Bloc countries. However, Kim Il Sung, North Korea's first leader, promoted his personal
philosophy of Juche as the state ideology. Pyongyang's international isolation sharply accelerated
from the 1980s onwards as the Cold War came to an end. The fall of the Soviet Union in 1991 then
brought about a sharp decline to the North Korean economy. From 1994 to 1998, North Korea
suffered a famine with the population continuing to suffer from malnutrition. In 2024, the DPRK
formally abandoned efforts to peacefully reunify Korea.
North Korea is a totalitarian dictatorship with a comprehensive cult of personality around the Kim
family. Amnesty International considers the country to have the worst human rights record in the
world. Officially, North Korea is an "independent socialist state" which holds democratic elections;
however, outside observers have described the elections as unfair, uncompetitive, and pre-determined,
in a manner similar to elections in the Soviet Union. The Workers' Party of Korea is the ruling party
of North Korea. According to Article 3 of the constitution, Kimilsungism–Kimjongilism is the official
ideology of North Korea. The means of production are owned by the state through state-run
enterprises and collectivized farms. Most services—such as healthcare, education, housing, and food
production—are subsidized or state-funded.
North Korea follows Songun, a "military first" policy which prioritizes the Korean People's Army in
state affairs and the allocation of resources. It possesses nuclear weapons. Its active-duty army of
1.28 million soldiers is the fourth-largest in the world. In addition to being a member of the United
Nations since 1991, North Korea is also a member of the Non-Aligned Movement, G77, and the
ASEAN Regional Forum.
ایروک یرومج
ہ ہ
Oman
Oman,officially the Sultanate of Oman,is a country on the southeastern coast of
the Arabian Peninsula in West Asia. It shares land borders with Saudi Arabia,
the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. The capital and largest city is Muscat.
Oman has a population of about 5.28 million as of 2024, which is a 4.60%
population increase from 2023.It is the 123rd most-populous country. The
coast faces the Arabian Sea on the southeast, and the Gulf of Oman on the
northeast. The Madha and Musandam exclaves are surrounded by United Arab
Emirates on their land borders, with the Strait of Hormuz (which it shares with
Iran) and the Gulf of Oman forming Musandam's coastal boundaries.
From the 17th century, the Omani Sultanate was an empire, vying with the
Portuguese and British empires for influence in the Persian Gulf and the Indian
Ocean. At its peak in the 19th century, Omani influence and control extended
across the Strait of Hormuz to Iran and Pakistan, and as far south as
Zanzibar.In the 20th century, the sultanate came under the influence of the
United Kingdom. For over 300 years, the relations built between the two
empires were based on mutual benefit. The UK recognized Oman's
geographical importance as a trading hub that secured British trading-lanes in
the Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean and protected London's interests in the
Indian sub-continent. Oman is an absolute monarchy led by a sultan, with
power passed down through the male line. Qaboos bin Said was the Sultan
from 1970 until his death on 10 January 2020.Qaboos, who died childless, had
named his cousin, Haitham bin Tariq, as his successor in a letter, and the
ruling family confirmed him as the new Sultan of Oman.
Formerly a maritime empire, Oman is the oldest continuously independent
state in the Arab world. It is a member of the United Nations, the Arab League,
the Gulf Cooperation Council, the Non-Aligned Movement, and the
Organisation of Islamic Cooperation. It has oil reserves ranked 22nd
globally.In 2010, the United Nations Development Programme ranked Oman
as the most-improved country in the world in terms of development during the
preceding 40 years. A portion of its economy involves tourism and trading fish,
dates and other agricultural produce. The World Bank categorizes Oman as a
high-income economy and as of 2024 Oman ranks as the 37th most peaceful
country in the world according to the Global Peace Index.
and
largest
city
23°35′20″N
58°24′30″E
Official l
anguag
es
Arabic
[1]
Religion
(2023)
95% Islam
(official)
1.67% Hin
duism
1.67% Chri
stianity
1.66%
others
[2][a]
Demony
m(s)
Omani
Govern
ment
Unitary
Islamic abs
olute
monarchy
• SultanHaitham
bin Tariq
• Crown
Prince
Theyazin
bin
Haitham
Legislat
ure
Council of
Oman
• Upper
house
Council of
State
(Majlis al-
Dawla)
• Lower
house
Consultativ
e
Assembly
(Majlis al-
Shura)
Establishment
• Azd trib
e
migratio
n
130
• Al-
Julandie
629
• Imamat
e establi
shed
[3]
751
• Nabhani
dynasty
1154
• Portugu
ese rule
1507–1656
• Yarubi
dynasty
1624
• Al Said
dynasty
20
November
1744
• Muscat
and
Oman
8 January
1856
• Sultanat
e of
Oman
9 August
1970
• Basic
Statute
6
November
1996
(establishe
d); 2011
(amended)
; 2021
(amended)
[4]
Area
• Total309,500 k
m
2
(119,50
0 sq mi)
(70th)
• Water (
%)
negligible
Population
• 2021
estimate
4,520,47
1
[5][6]
(125th)
• 2010 ce
nsus
2,773,47
9
[7]
• Density15/km
2
(38.
8/sq mi)
(177th)
GDP
(PPP)
2023 estim
ate
• Total $200.295
billion
[8]
(78th)
• Per
capita
$39,336
[8]
(71st)
GDP (no
minal)
2023 estim
ate
• Total $108.282
billion
[8]
(66th)
• Per
capita
$21,265
[8]
(55th)
Gini (20
18)
30.75
[9]
medium
inequality
HDI (20
22)
0.819
[10]
very
high (59th)
Currenc
y
Omani
rial (OMR)
Time
zone
UTC+4
(GST)
DST is not
observed.
Date
format
dd.mm.yyy
y
Drives
on
Right
Calling
code
+968
ISO
3166
code
OM
Internet
TLD
.om,
Pakistan.
Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia. It is the fifth-most
populous country, with a population of over 241.5 million,having the second-largest Muslim
population as of 2023. Islamabad is the nation's capital, while Karachi is its largest city and financial
centre. Pakistan is the 33rd-largest country by area. Bounded by the Arabian Sea on the south, the
Gulf of Oman on the southwest, and the Sir Creek on the southeast, it shares land borders with India
to the east; Afghanistan to the west; Iran to the southwest; and China to the northeast. It shares a
maritime border with Oman in the Gulf of Oman, and is separated from Tajikistan in the northwest by
Afghanistan's narrow Wakhan Corridor.Pakistan is the site of several ancient cultures, including the
8,500-year-old Neolithic site of Mehrgarh in Balochistan, the Indus Valley Civilisation of the Bronze
Age, and the ancient Gandhara civilisation.The regions that compose the modern state of Pakistan
were the realm of multiple empires and dynasties, including the Achaemenid, the Maurya, the Kushan,
the Gupta; the Umayyad Caliphate in its southern regions, the Hindu Shahis, the Ghaznavids, the
Delhi Sultanate, the Samma, the Shah Miris, the Mughals, and most recently, the British Raj from
1858 to 1947.Spurred by the Pakistan Movement, which sought a homeland for the Muslims of British
India, and election victories in 1946 by the All-India Muslim League, Pakistan gained independence
in 1947 after the Partition of the British Indian Empire, which awarded separate statehood to its
Muslim-majority regions and was accompanied by an unparalleled mass migration and loss of life.
Initially a Dominion of the British Commonwealth, Pakistan officially drafted its constitution in 1956,
and emerged as a declared Islamic republic. In 1971, the exclave of East Pakistan seceded as the new
country of Bangladesh after a nine-month-long civil war. In the following four decades, Pakistan has
been ruled by governments whose descriptions, although complex, commonly alternated between
civilian and military, democratic and authoritarian, relatively secular and Islamist.
Pakistan is considered a middle power nation, with the world's sixth-largest standing armed forces. It
is a declared nuclear-weapons state, and is ranked amongst the emerging and growth-leading
economies,with a large and rapidly growing middle class.Pakistan's political history since
independence has been characterized by periods of significant economic and military growth as well
as those of political and economic instability. It is an ethnically and linguistically diverse country,
with similarly diverse geography and wildlife. The country continues to face challenges, including
poverty, illiteracy, corruption, and terrorism.Pakistan is a member of the United Nations, the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, the Commonwealth of
Nations, the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, and the Islamic Military Counter-
Terrorism Coalition, and is designated as a major non-NATO ally by the United States .
کلم کیا اک ایشیا یبونج ،ناتسکاپ یرومج یملاسا رپ روط یراکرس ،ناتسکاپ
ہ ہ
یدابآ یک سج ، کلم لااو یدابآ دایز س بس ںاوچناپ ی
ےہ ہ ے ہ ۔ےہ
241.5 نیلم
، دایز س
ےہہ ے
2023 کلم دابآ ملاسا یدابآ ملسم یڑب س بس یرسود کت
۔ےہ ے
زکرم یتایلام روا رش اڑب س بس اک سا یچارک کبج ، تموکحلاراد اک
۔ےہ ہ ے ہ ےہ
Capit
al
Islamabad
33°41′30″N 7
3°3′0″E
Large
st city
Karachi
24°51′36″N 6
7°0′36″E
Offici
al lan
guage
s
Urdu
English
[a]
Native
langu
ages
Over 77
languages
[4]
Religi
on
(2023)
96.4% Islam
(official)
2.2% Hinduis
m
1.4% Christian
ity
0.1% other
Demo
nym(s
)
Pakistani
Gover
nment
Federal
parliamentary I
slamic republic
• Presid
ent
Asif Ali
Zardari
• Prime
Minist
er
Shehbaz Sharif
• Chair
man of
the
Senate
Yusuf Raza
Gilani
• Speak
er of
the
Nation
al
Assem
bly
Ayaz Sadiq
• Chief
Justice
Yahya Afridi Legisl
ature
Parliament
• Upper
house
Senate
• Lower
house
National
Assembly
Independence
from the United
Kingdom
• Decla
ration
23 March 1940
• Recog
nized
domini
on
14 August
1947
• Repub
lic
23 March 1956
• Last
territor
y's
acquisi
tion
8 December
1958
• Easter
n
territor
y
withdr
awn
16 December
1971
• Curre
nt
constit
ution
14 August
1973
Area
• Total881,913 km
2
(3
40,509 sq mi)
[b]
[6]
(33rd)
• Water
(%)
2.86
Population
• 2023
census
241,499,43
1
[c]
(5th)
• Densit
y
273.8/km
2
(709
.1/sq mi)
(56th)
GDP
(PPP)
2024 estimate
• Total $1.584
trillion
[7]
(24th)
• Per
capita
$6,715
[7]
(141st)
GDP (
nomin
al)
2024 estimate
• Total $374.595
billion
[7]
(43rd)
• Per
capita
$1,588
[7]
zone(PKT)
DST is not
observed.
Date
forma
t
dd-mm-yyyy
[d]
Drives
on
Left
[9]
Callin+92
g code
ISO
3166
code
PK
Intern
et
TLD
.pk
Palestine
Palestine, officially the State of Palestine,is a country in the Southern Levant region of West Asia.
Recognized by a majority of UN member states, it encompasses the Israeli-occupied West Bank,
including East Jerusalem, and the Gaza Strip, collectively known as the occupied Palestinian
territories, within the broader geographic and historical Palestine region. Palestine shares most of its
borders with Israel, and it borders Jordan to the east and Egypt to the southwest. It has a total land
area of 6,020 square kilometres (2,320 sq mi) while its population exceeds five million people. Its
proclaimed capital is Jerusalem, while Ramallah serves as its administrative center. Gaza City was its
largest city prior to evacuations in 2023.
Situated at a continental crossroad, the region of Palestine was ruled by various empires and
experienced various demographic changes from antiquity to the modern era. Being a bridge between
Asia and Africa, it was treading ground for the Nile and Mesopotamian armies and merchants from
North Africa, China and India. The region is known for its religious significance. The ongoing
Israeli–Palestinian conflict dates back to the rise of the Zionist movement, supported by the United
Kingdom during World War I. The war saw Britain occupying Palestine from the Ottoman Empire,
where it set up Mandatory Palestine under the auspices of the League of Nations. Increased Jewish
immigration led to intercommunal conflict between Jews and Palestinian Arabs, which escalated into
a civil war in 1947 after a proposed partitioning by the United Nations was rejected by the
Palestinians.The 1948 Palestine war saw the forcible displacement of most of its predominantly Arab
population, and consequently the establishment of Israel, in what Palestinians call the Nakba
("catastrophe"). In the Six-Day War in 1967, Israel occupied the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, which
had been held by Jordan and Egypt respectively. The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)
declared independence in 1988. In 1993, the PLO signed the Oslo Accords with Israel, creating
limited PLO governance in the West Bank and Gaza Strip through the Palestinian Authority (PA).
Israel withdrew from Gaza in its unilateral disengagement in 2005, but the territory is still considered
to be under military occupation and has been blockaded by Israel. In 2007, internal divisions between
political factions led to a takeover of Gaza by Hamas. Since then, the West Bank has been governed in
part by the Fatah-led PA, while the Gaza Strip has remained under the control of Hamas. Israel has
constructed large settlements in the occupied West Bank and East Jerusalem since 1967, which
currently house more than 670,000 Israeli settlers, which are illegal under international law. Attacks
by Hamas-led armed groups in October 2023 in Israel were followed by the Gaza war, which has
caused widespread destruction and a humanitarian crisis throughout the Gaza Strip, including the
displacement of nearly all of its population. The United Nations special committee and a number of
experts and rights organisations, including Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch have
concluded that Israel has committed genocide against the Palestinian people during its ongoing
invasion and bombing of the Gaza Strip.Some of the challenges to Palestine include ineffective
government, Israeli occupation, a blockade, restrictions on movement, Israeli settlements and settler
violence, as well as an overall poor security situation. The questions of Palestine's borders, the legal
and diplomatic status of Jerusalem, and the right of return of Palestinian refugees remain unsolved.
Despite these challenges, the country maintains an emerging economy and sees frequent tourism.
Arabic is the official language of the country. While the majority of Palestinians practice Islam,
Christianity also has a presence. Palestine is also a member of several international organizations,
including the Arab League and the Organization of Islamic Cooperation.
، نیطسلف ٹنویل یبونج ک ایشیا یبرغم ،نیطسلف تسایر رپ روط یراکرس
ے
س فرط یک تیرثکا یک کلامم نکر ک دحتم ماوقا کلم کیا اک قلاع
ے ے ہ ۔ےہ ے
نیب ددعتم تیمس میظنت نواعت یملاسا روا گیل برع نیطسلف دوجوم یھب
۔ےہ
یھب نکر اک ںومیظنت یماوقلاا
ےہ
۔
The Philippines
The Philippines,officially the Republic of the Philippines,is an archipelagic
country in Southeast Asia. In the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of 7,641
islands, with a total area of roughly 300,000 square kilometers, which are
broadly categorized in three main geographical divisions from north to south:
Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. With a population of over 110 million, it is the
world's twelfth-most-populous country.
The Philippines is bounded by the South China Sea to the west, the Philippine
Sea to the east, and the Celebes Sea to the south. It shares maritime borders
with Taiwan to the north, Japan to the northeast, Palau to the east and
southeast, Indonesia to the south, Malaysia to the southwest, Vietnam to the
west, and China to the northwest. It has diverse ethnicities and a rich culture.
Manila is the country's capital, and its most populated city is Quezon City.
Both are within Metro Manila.
Negritos, the archipelago's earliest inhabitants, were followed by waves of
Austronesian peoples. The adoption of animism, Hinduism with Buddhist
influence, and Islam established island-kingdoms. Extensive overseas trade
with neighbors such as the late Tang or Song empire brought Chinese people to
the archipelago as well, which would also gradually settle in and intermix over
the centuries. The arrival of the explorer Ferdinand Magellan marked the
beginning of Spanish colonization. In 1543, Spanish explorer Ruy López de
Villalobos named the archipelago Las Islas Filipinas in honor of King Philip II
of Castile. Catholicism became the dominant religion, and Manila became the
western hub of trans-Pacific trade. Hispanic immigrants from Latin America
and Iberia would also selectively colonize. The Philippine Revolution began in
1896, and became entwined with the 1898 Spanish–American War. Spain ceded
the territory to the United States, and Filipino revolutionaries declared the
First Philippine Republic. The ensuing Philippine–American War ended with
the United States controlling the territory until the Japanese invasion of the
islands during World War II. After the United States retook the Philippines
from the Japanese, the Philippines became independent in 1946. Since then, the
country notably experienced a period of martial law from 1972 to 1981 under
the dictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos and his subsequent overthrow by the
People Power Revolution in 1986. Since returning to democracy, the
constitution of the Fifth Republic was enacted in 1987, and the country has
been governed as a unitary presidential republic. However, the country
continues to struggle with issues such as overpopulation, inequality and
endemic corruption.
The Philippines is an emerging market and a developing and newly
industrialized country, whose economy is transitioning from being agricultural
to service- and manufacturing-centered. Its location as an island country on the
Pacific Ring of Fire and close to the equator makes it prone to earthquakes and
typhoons. The Philippines has a variety of natural resources and a globally-
significant level of biodiversity. The country is part of multiple international
organizations and forums
نئاپلف
نئاپلف ریزج کیا اک ایشیا یقرشم بونج ،نئاپلف یرومج رپ روط یراکرس ،
ہ ہ ہ
روا لئاسو یتردق ک مسق فلتخم ںیم نئاپلف راکش اک ںونافوط روا
ے ۔ےہ
یماوقلاا نیب ددعتم کلم ی حطس ںایامن رپ حطس یملاع یک عونت یتایتایح
ہ ۔ےہ
صح اک زمروف روا ںومیظنت
۔ےہہ
Capita
l
Manila (de
jure)
Metro
Manila
[b]
(de
facto)
Large
st
city
Quezon City
Officia
l lang
uages
Filipino
English
Recog
nized
region
19
languages
[4]
al lang
uages
Nation
al sign
langua
ge
Filipino Sign
Language
Other
recogn
ized
langua
ges
[c]
Spanish and
Arabic
Ethnic
group
s
26.0% Tagal
og
14.3% Bisay
(202
0
[6]
)
a
8.0% Ilocano
8.0% Cebua
no
7.9% Ilongg
o
6.5% Bicola
no
20.3% other
Religi
on
(2020)
[7]
o91.5% Christ
ianity
78.
8% Catholici
sm
[d]
12.
7%
other Christi
an
6.4% Islam
2.0% no
religion
0.1% other
Demo
nym(s
)
Filipino
(neutral)
Filipina
(feminine)
Pinoy
(colloquial
neutral)
Pinay
(colloquial
feminine)
Philippine
(adjective for
certain
common
nouns)
Gover
nment
Unitary presi
dential
republic
• Presid
ent
Bongbong
Marcos
• Vice
Presid
Sara Duterte
ent
• Senat
e
Presid
ent
Francis
Escudero
• House
Speak
er
Martin
Romualdez
• Chief
Justice
Alexander
Gesmundo
Legisl
ature
Congress
• Upper
house
Senate
• Lower
house
House of
Representati
ves
Independence
from Spain and
the United States
• Declar
ation
June 12,
1898
• Cessi
on
April 11,
1899
• Self-
govern
ment
November
15, 1935
• Recog
nized
July 4, 1946
• Consti
tution
February 2,
1987
Area
• Total300,000
[8][9][e]
km
2
(120,00
0 sq mi)
(72nd)
• Water
(%)
0.61
[10]
(inlan
d waters)
Population
• 2024
estima
te
114,163,71
9
[11]
(12th)
• 2020 c
ensus
109,035,34
3
[12]
• Densit
y
363.45/km
2
(
941.3/sq mi)
(36th)
GDP
(PPP)
2025 estimat
e
• Total $1.504
trillion
[13]
• Per
capita
$13,034
[13]
GDP (
nomin
al)
2025 estimat
e
• Total $509.379
billion
[13]
• Per
capita
$4,415
[13]
Gini (2
021)
41.2
[14]
medium
inequality
HDI (2
022)
0.710
[15]
high (113th)
Curre
ncy
Philippine
peso (₱)
(PHP)
Time
zone
UTC+8
(PhST)
Drives
on
Right
Callin+63
g
code
ISO
3166
code
PH
Intern
et
TLD
.ph
Qatar
Qatar, officially the State of Qatar,is a country in West Asia. It occupies the
Qatar Peninsula on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula in the
Middle East; it shares its sole land border with Saudi Arabia to the south, with
the rest of its territory surrounded by the Persian Gulf. The Gulf of Bahrain, an
inlet of the Persian Gulf, separates Qatar from nearby Bahrain. The capital is
Doha, home to over 80% of the country's inhabitants. Most of the land area is
made up of flat, low-lying desert.
Qatar has been ruled as a hereditary monarchy by the House of Thani since
Mohammed bin Thani signed an agreement with Britain in 1868 that
recognised its separate status. Following Ottoman rule, Qatar became a British
protectorate in 1916 and gained independence in 1971. The current emir is
Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, who holds nearly all executive, legislative, and
judicial authority in an autocratic manner under the Constitution of Qatar. He
appoints the prime minister and cabinet. The partially-elected Consultative
Assembly can block legislation and has a limited ability to dismiss ministers.
In early 2017, the population of Qatar was 2.6 million, although only 313,000
of them were Qatari citizens with 2.3 million being expatriates and migrant
workers.Its official religion is Islam. The country has the fourth-highest GDP
(PPP) per capita in the world and the eleventh-highest GNI per capita (Atlas
method). It ranks 42nd in the Human Development Index, the third-highest HDI
in the Arab world.It is a high-income economy, backed by the world's third-
largest natural gas reserves and oil reserves.Qatar is one of the world's largest
exporters of liquefied natural gas and the world's largest emitter of carbon
dioxide per capita.
In the 21st century, Qatar emerged as both a major non-NATO ally of the
United States and a middle power in the Arab world. Its economy has risen
rapidly through its resource-wealth, and its geopolitical power has risen
through its media group, Al Jazeera Media Network, and reported support for
rebel groups financially during the Arab Spring. Qatar also forms part of the
Gulf Cooperation Council.
یئاڈ نبراک اڑب س بس اک ایند روا کیا س ںیم ناگدننک دمآرب ڑب س بس
ے ےہ ے ے ے
کلم لااو نرک جارخا اک ڈیئاسکآ
۔ےہ ے
ںیم ایند برع روا یداحتا وٹین ریغ اڑب کیا اک کیرما رطق ،ںیم یدص ںیوسیکا
ہ
ک تلود یک لئاسو نپا تشیعم یک سا ارھبا رپ روط ک تقاط ینایمرد کیا
ے ے ۔ ے
ایڈیم ک سا تقاط یسایس یئایفارغج یک سا روا ، یھڑب س یزیت عیرذ
ے ےہ ے ے
نارود ک راب برع روا ، یھڑب عیرذ ک کرو ٹین ایڈیم ریزجلا ،پورگ
ے ہ ےہ ے ے ہ
صح اک لسنوک نواعت جیلخ رطق ید علاطا یک ددم یلام یک ںوپورگ یغاب
ہ ۔ےہ
یھب
۔ےہ
Location and extent of Qatar (dark green) on
the Arabian Peninsula
Capital
and
largest
city
Doha
25°18′N 51°
31′E
Official
langua
ges
Arabic
[1]
Ethnic
groups
(2019)
[2]
49% Arab
o43% South
Asian
[3]
21.
8% Indian
12.
5% Banglade
shi
4.7
% Pakistani
4.3
5% Sri
Lankan
7% other
Religio
n
(2020)
[4]
65.5% Islam
(official)
15.1% Hindui
sm
14.2% Christi
anity
3.3% Buddhi
sm
1.9% other
Demon
ym(s)
Qatari
Govern
ment
Unitary
parliamentary
semi-
constitutional
monarchy un
der
an authoritari
an
[5][6]
govern
ment
• Emir Tamim bin
Hamad
• Deputy
Emir
Abdullah bin
Hamad
• Prime
Minister
Mohammed
bin
Abdulrahman
Legisla
ture
Consultative
Assembly
Establishment
• Qatar
Nationa
l Day
18 December
1878
• Declare
d
indepen
dence
1 September
1971
• Indepe
ndence
from
the Unit
ed
Kingdo
m
3 September
1971
Area
• Total11,581 km
2
(
4,471 sq mi)
(158th)
• Water (
%)
negligible
Population
• 2023
estimat
e
3,063,005
[7]
(139th)
• 2010 c
ensus
1,699,435
[8]
• Density264/km
2
(683
.8/sq mi)
(76th)
GDP
(PPP)
2024 estimat
e
• Total $356.0
billion
[9]
(60th)
• Per
capita
$115,075
[9]
(4th)
GDP (n
ominal)
2024 estimat
e
• Total $221.4
billion
[9]
(55th)
• Per
capita
$71,568
[9]
(8th)
Gini (20
07)
41.1
[10]
medium
inequality
HDI (20
22)
0.875
[11]
very
high (40th)
Curren
cy
Qatari
riyal (QAR)
Time