Ms.SajjdaLodhiNotes Based On Class 9th Pak.Std Chap10.docx

Ms.Saajjdalodhi Notes
Class 9th FBISE
Chapter10
Chapter 10: Pakistan’s Role in World Affairs
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
Encircle the correct option for each question
1. When did Pakistan become a member of the United Nations (UN)?
A) 1945
B) 1947
C) 1948
D) 1949
✅ Answer: C) 1948
2. What is the main objective of the United Nations?
A) To spread democracy
B) To promote global peace and security
C) To increase trade
D) To help superpowers
✅ Answer: B) To promote global peace and security
3. Pakistan became a member of the United Nations on:
A) 14 August 1947
B) 30 September 1947
C) 30 September 1948
D) 10 October 1947
✅ Answer: C) 30 September 1948
4. Which organ of the UN maintains international peace and security?
A) General Assembly
B) Security Council
C) Economic and Social Council
D) Trusteeship Council
✅ Answer: B) Security Council
5. How many permanent members are there in the UN Security Council?
A) 10
B) 5
C) 7
D) 15
✅ Answer: B) 5
6. Which of the following is a permanent member of the UN Security Council?
A) Germany
B) Japan
C) China
D) Canada
✅ Answer: C) China
7. The headquarters of the United Nations is located in:
A) Geneva
B) Paris
C) New York
D) London
✅ Answer: C) New York
8. Who represents Pakistan in the United Nations?
A) Prime Minister
B) Foreign Minister
C) Permanent Representative or Ambassador
D) Chief of Army Staff
✅ Answer: C) Permanent Representative or Ambassador
9. What is the main purpose of Pakistan’s participation in the UN?
A) To promote its trade
B) To strengthen global peace and cooperation
C) To control the UN
D) To support superpowers
✅ Answer: B) To strengthen global peace and cooperation
10. Pakistan’s first ambassador to the United Nations was:
A) Sir Zafarullah Khan
B) Liaquat Ali Khan
C) Chaudhry Muhammad Ali
D) Ghulam Muhammad
✅ Answer: A) Sir Zafarullah Khan
11. Pakistan raised the issue of Kashmir in the UN in:
A) 1948
B) 1950
C) 1965
D) 1971
✅ Answer: A) 1948
12. Which country opposed Pakistan on the Kashmir issue in the UN?
A) China
B) USA
C) India
D) Iran
✅ Answer: C) India
13. Pakistan has contributed to UN peacekeeping missions since:
A) 1950
B) 1960
C) 1970
D) 1980
✅ Answer: B) 1960
14. Pakistan’s peacekeeping missions are mostly in:
A) Europe
B) South America
C) Africa
D) North America
✅ Answer: C) Africa
15. Which Pakistani leader presented Pakistan’s stance on Kashmir in the UN?
A) Liaquat Ali Khan
B) Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto
C) Benazir Bhutto
D) Ayub Khan
✅ Answer: B) Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto
16. Pakistan is a member of which regional organization?
A) ASEAN
B) SAARC
C) NATO
D) EU
✅ Answer: B) SAARC
17. When was SAARC founded?
A) 1975
B) 1980
C) 1985
D) 1990
✅ Answer: C) 1985
18. Where is the headquarters of SAARC located?
A) Islamabad
B) New Delhi
C) Colombo
D) Kathmandu
✅ Answer: D) Kathmandu
19. How many countries are members of SAARC?
A) 6
B) 7
C) 8
D) 10
✅ Answer: C) 8
20. Pakistan became a member of OIC in:
A) 1969
B) 1970
C) 1971
D) 1972
✅ Answer: A) 1969
21. The headquarters of the Orga

1. Ms.Saajjdalodhi Notes
Class 9
th
FBISE
Chapter10
Chapter 10: Pakistan’s Role in World Affairs
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
Encircle the correct option for each question
1. When did Pakistan become a member of the United
Nations (UN)?
A) 1945
B) 1947
C) 1948
D) 1949
✅ Answer: C) 1948
2. What is the main objective of the United Nations?
A) To spread democracy
B) To promote global peace and security
C) To increase trade

2. D) To help superpowers
✅ Answer: B) To promote global peace and security
3. Pakistan became a member of the United Nations on:
A) 14 August 1947
B) 30 September 1947
C) 30 September 1948
D) 10 October 1947
✅ Answer: C) 30 September 1948
4. Which organ of the UN maintains international peace
and security?
A) General Assembly
B) Security Council
C) Economic and Social Council
D) Trusteeship Council
✅ Answer: B) Security Council
5. How many permanent members are there in the UN
Security Council?
A) 10
B) 5
C) 7
D) 15
✅ Answer: B) 5
6. Which of the following is a permanent member of the
UN Security Council?
A) Germany
B) Japan
C) China
D) Canada
✅ Answer: C) China
7. The headquarters of the United Nations is located in:

3. A) Geneva
B) Paris
C) New York
D) London
✅ Answer: C) New York
8. Who represents Pakistan in the United Nations?
A) Prime Minister
B) Foreign Minister
C) Permanent Representative or Ambassador
D) Chief of Army Staff
✅ Answer: C) Permanent Representative or Ambassador
9. What is the main purpose of Pakistan’s participation in
the UN?
A) To promote its trade
B) To strengthen global peace and cooperation
C) To control the UN
D) To support superpowers
✅ Answer: B) To strengthen global peace and cooperation
10. Pakistan’s first ambassador to the United Nations was:
A) Sir Zafarullah Khan
B) Liaquat Ali Khan
C) Chaudhry Muhammad Ali
D) Ghulam Muhammad
✅ Answer: A) Sir Zafarullah Khan
11. Pakistan raised the issue of Kashmir in the UN in:
A) 1948
B) 1950
C) 1965
D) 1971
✅ Answer: A) 1948

4. 12. Which country opposed Pakistan on the Kashmir issue
in the UN?
A) China
B) USA
C) India
D) Iran
✅ Answer: C) India
13. Pakistan has contributed to UN peacekeeping missions
since:
A) 1950
B) 1960
C) 1970
D) 1980
✅ Answer: B) 1960
14. Pakistan’s peacekeeping missions are mostly in:
A) Europe
B) South America
C) Africa
D) North America
✅ Answer: C) Africa
15. Which Pakistani leader presented Pakistan’s stance on
Kashmir in the UN?
A) Liaquat Ali Khan
B) Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto
C) Benazir Bhutto
D) Ayub Khan
✅ Answer: B) Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto
16. Pakistan is a member of which regional organization?
A) ASEAN
B) SAARC

5. C) NATO
D) EU
✅ Answer: B) SAARC
17. When was SAARC founded?
A) 1975
B) 1980
C) 1985
D) 1990
✅ Answer: C) 1985
18. Where is the headquarters of SAARC located?
A) Islamabad
B) New Delhi
C) Colombo
D) Kathmandu
✅ Answer: D) Kathmandu
19. How many countries are members of SAARC?
A) 6
B) 7
C) 8
D) 10
✅ Answer: C) 8
20. Pakistan became a member of OIC in:
A) 1969
B) 1970
C) 1971
D) 1972
✅ Answer: A) 1969
21. The headquarters of the Organization of Islamic
Cooperation (OIC) is in:

6. A) Tehran
B) Jeddah
C) Islamabad
D) Rabat
✅ Answer: B) Jeddah
22. OIC was founded in which country?
A) Saudi Arabia
B) Morocco
C) Egypt
D) Iran
✅ Answer: B) Morocco
23. The OIC was formed after which event?
A) War of 1965
B) Attack on Al-Aqsa Mosque
C) Independence of Bangladesh
D) Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
✅ Answer: B) Attack on Al-Aqsa Mosque
24. Pakistan played an important role in the formation of:
A) NATO
B) SEATO
C) OIC
D) EU
✅ Answer: C) OIC
25. ECO stands for:
A) Economic Cooperation Organization
B) Eastern Cooperation Organization
C) Energy Cooperation Organization
D) Economic Community of Orient
✅ Answer: A) Economic Cooperation Organization
26. Pakistan, Iran, and Turkey founded ECO to promote:

7. A) Education
B) Trade and economic cooperation
C) Sports
D) Military alliance
✅ Answer: B) Trade and economic cooperation
27. Pakistan’s foreign policy is based on:
A) Western democracy
B) Islamic principles
C) Capitalism
D) Communism
✅ Answer: B) Islamic principles
28. Pakistan has been a strong supporter of the cause of:
A) Israel
B) Palestine
C) Japan
D) Germany
✅ Answer: B) Palestine
29. Which Muslim country shares a border with Pakistan?
A) Iran
B) Saudi Arabia
C) Turkey
D) Egypt
✅ Answer: A) Iran
30. Pakistan shares cultural and historical ties with:
A) China
B) Afghanistan
C) USA
D) Russia
✅ Answer: B) Afghanistan

8. 31. Pakistan established diplomatic relations with China
in:
A) 1949
B) 1950
C) 1955
D) 1960
✅ Answer: B) 1950
32. Pakistan conducted nuclear tests in:
A) 1974
B) 1990
C) 1998
D) 2000
✅ Answer: C) 1998
33. Where did Pakistan conduct nuclear tests?
A) Chagai Hills, Balochistan
B) Margalla Hills
C) Thar Desert
D) Karakoram Range
✅ Answer: A) Chagai Hills, Balochistan
34. Pakistan became the first ______ country to have
nuclear power.
A) Asian
B) Muslim
C) Arab
D) South Asian
✅ Answer: B) Muslim
35. Pakistan supports the self-determination of which
people?
A) Tibetans
B) Kashmiris

9. C) Rohingya
D) Kurds
✅ Answer: B) Kashmiris
36. Pakistan’s policy toward neighboring countries is
based on:
A) Mutual respect and cooperation
B) Competition
C) Isolation
D) Hostility
✅ Answer: A) Mutual respect and cooperation
37. Which Pakistani port is central to CPEC?
A) Karachi Port
B) Gwadar Port
C) Pasni Port
D) Ormara Port
✅ Answer: B) Gwadar Port
38. CPEC connects Gwadar Port to which Chinese city?
A) Beijing
B) Shanghai
C) Kashgar
D) Chengdu
✅ Answer: C) Kashgar
39. The Karakoram Highway connects Pakistan with:
A) Iran
B) Afghanistan
C) China
D) India
✅ Answer: C) China
40. Pakistan has participated in how many UN
peacekeeping missions approximately?

10. A) 20
B) 30
C) 40+
D) 10
✅ Answer: C) 40+
41. Pakistan joined the Commonwealth in:
A) 1947
B) 1949
C) 1950
D) 1952
✅ Answer: B) 1949
42. Pakistan left the Commonwealth in:
A) 1971
B) 1972
C) 1980
D) 1988
✅ Answer: B) 1972
43. Pakistan rejoined the Commonwealth in:
A) 1985
B) 1988
C) 1989
D) 1990
✅ Answer: C) 1989
44. Pakistan emphasizes resolving disputes through:
A) War
B) Force
C) Dialogue and diplomacy
D) Economic pressure
✅ Answer: C) Dialogue and diplomacy
45. Pakistan opposes:

11. A) Colonialism and oppression
B) Peace and cooperation
C) Education and trade
D) Global organizations
✅ Answer: A) Colonialism and oppression
46. The first OIC conference attended by Pakistan was
held in:
A) Riyadh
B) Rabat
C) Islamabad
D) Cairo
✅ Answer: B) Rabat
47. Pakistan hosted the OIC Summit in Islamabad in:
A) 1974
B) 1980
C) 1990
D) 2000
✅ Answer: A) 1974
48. Pakistan actively supports peace in:
A) Africa
B) Middle East
C) South Asia
D) All of the above
✅ Answer: D) All of the above
49. Pakistan’s foreign policy aims to protect:
A) Global hegemony
B) National interests and sovereignty
C) Only trade relations
D) One alliance
✅ Answer: B) National interests and sovereignty

12. 50. Pakistan’s foreign policy reflects the vision of:
A) Allama Iqbal
B) Liaquat Ali Khan
C) Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah
D) Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
✅ Answer: C) Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Chapter 10: Pakistan’s Role in World Affairs
Short Questions
Chapter 10: Pakistan’s Role in World Affairs
— Short Questions and Answers
1. What is meant by Pakistan’s role in world affairs?
Pakistan’s role in world affairs refers to its
participation and contribution to international
politics, organizations, peace missions, and efforts for
global cooperation. Since independence, Pakistan has
actively worked for world peace, justice, and the
rights of oppressed nations.
2. When did Pakistan become a member of the United
Nations?
Pakistan became a member of the United Nations on
30th September 1948, soon after its independence.
Joining the UN gave Pakistan an international
platform to present its stance on global and regional
issues.

13. 3. What are the main objectives of the United
Nations?
The UN aims to maintain international peace and
security, promote human rights, and encourage
friendly relations among nations. It also works for
economic and social development, helping countries
solve global problems collectively.
4. Who was Pakistan’s first representative to the
United Nations?
Sir Zafarullah Khan was Pakistan’s first
representative and foreign minister who presented
Pakistan’s case on important global and regional
issues, especially the Kashmir dispute.
5. How has Pakistan contributed to UN peacekeeping
missions?
Pakistan has been among the largest contributors to
UN peacekeeping forces, sending thousands of
soldiers to war-torn areas in Africa, Asia, and the
Middle East. Pakistani troops are respected for their
professionalism and courage.
6. What is the importance of the United Nations for
Pakistan?
The UN provides Pakistan a global platform to
present its views, especially on the Kashmir issue and

14. other matters of justice and peace. It also helps
Pakistan in humanitarian, educational, and economic
development programs.
7. What is the Kashmir issue?
The Kashmir issue is a territorial dispute between
Pakistan and India since 1947. Pakistan considers it
an unfinished part of partition and seeks a UN-
supervised plebiscite to allow Kashmiris to decide
their future.
8. When did Pakistan first raise the Kashmir issue in
the UN?
Pakistan raised the Kashmir issue in the United
Nations Security Council in 1948, demanding that the
people of Kashmir be given the right of self-
determination according to UN resolutions.
9. What are the main organs of the United Nations?
The six main organs are: General Assembly, Security
Council, Economic and Social Council, Trusteeship
Council, International Court of Justice, and
Secretariat.
10. What is Pakistan’s stance on disarmament?
Pakistan supports global disarmament and the
control of nuclear weapons. It believes that peace can

15. only be achieved through reducing arms and
promoting dialogue among nations.
11. What is SAARC?
SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional
Cooperation) is a regional organization founded in
1985 to promote peace, cooperation, and economic
progress among South Asian countries, including
Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, and others.
12. Where is the headquarters of SAARC located?
The headquarters of SAARC is located in Kathmandu,
Nepal. It coordinates activities and summits among
member countries to promote mutual development
and understanding.
13. What are the main objectives of SAARC?
The objectives are to promote regional cooperation in
economic, social, cultural, and scientific fields,
reduce poverty, and improve the living standards of
the people of South Asia.
14. What is OIC?
The Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) is an
international body of Muslim countries, founded in
1969 to promote Islamic unity, solidarity, and
cooperation among member nations.

16. 15. Where is the headquarters of OIC located?
The headquarters of the OIC is located in Jeddah,
Saudi Arabia. It organizes meetings and conferences
to discuss political, economic, and religious issues
concerning the Muslim world.
16. What role did Pakistan play in the formation of
the OIC?
Pakistan played a leading role in the creation of the
OIC after the attack on Al-Aqsa Mosque in 1969. It
helped unite Muslim countries to work together for
peace and Islamic solidarity.
17. What is ECO?
The Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) is a
regional body promoting trade, transport, and
economic cooperation among member states
including Pakistan, Iran, Turkey, and Central Asian
countries.
18. What is the main purpose of ECO?
The purpose of ECO is to enhance regional trade,
economic growth, and connectivity through joint
efforts among Muslim and neighboring countries.
19. What is the Commonwealth?

17. The Commonwealth is an organization of countries
that were once under the British Empire. It promotes
democracy, education, human rights, and mutual
cooperation among its members.
20. When did Pakistan join and leave the
Commonwealth?
Pakistan joined the Commonwealth in 1947, left in
1972 after the separation of East Pakistan
(Bangladesh), and rejoined in 1989.
21. What are Pakistan’s relations with Muslim
countries based on?
Pakistan’s relations with Muslim countries are based
on Islamic brotherhood, shared culture, and mutual
respect. It cooperates with them in trade, education,
and defense.
22. How has Pakistan supported Palestine?
Pakistan has always supported the Palestinian
people’s right to independence and strongly opposes
Israeli occupation. It raises the issue at the UN and
OIC forums for justice and peace.
23. What is Pakistan’s policy toward peace?
Pakistan follows a policy of peaceful coexistence,
avoiding aggression and promoting dialogue,

18. diplomacy, and cooperation to solve international
disputes.
24. What is meant by “peaceful coexistence”?
It means living peacefully with all countries
regardless of their political or religious differences,
without interfering in each other’s internal affairs.
25. What is the significance of Pakistan’s nuclear
program?
Pakistan’s nuclear program ensures national defense
and regional balance of power. It made Pakistan the
first Islamic nuclear power in 1998, enhancing its
global importance.
26. Where did Pakistan conduct its nuclear tests?
Pakistan conducted its nuclear tests on 28 May 1998
at Chagai Hills in Balochistan, in response to India’s
nuclear tests earlier that year.
27. What is CPEC?
The China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a
major trade and infrastructure project connecting
Gwadar Port in Pakistan with Kashgar in China to
promote regional connectivity and economic growth.
28. What is the importance of Gwadar Port?

19. Gwadar Port, located on the Arabian Sea, serves as a
trade gateway between Pakistan, China, Central Asia,
and the Middle East, enhancing Pakistan’s strategic
and economic position.
29. How has Pakistan supported Afghanistan?
Pakistan has supported Afghanistan during wars and
crises, especially during the Soviet invasion (1979),
by hosting millions of refugees and assisting in peace
efforts.
30. What is Pakistan’s stance on terrorism?
Pakistan strongly condemns terrorism in all forms
and has taken part in the global war on terror to
maintain regional and international peace.
31. What is Pakistan’s relationship with China?
Pakistan and China share a deep and time-tested
friendship, based on trust and cooperation in defense,
trade, technology, and regional development projects
like CPEC.
32. What are Pakistan’s relations with the USA based
on?
Pakistan’s relations with the USA are based on
cooperation in defense, trade, education, and efforts

20. against terrorism, though they have experienced ups
and downs over time.
33. What are Pakistan’s relations with Russia?
Pakistan’s relations with Russia have improved in
recent years, focusing on trade, defense cooperation,
and regional stability, especially after the end of the
Cold War.
34. What are Pakistan’s relations with the European
Union (EU)?
Pakistan maintains strong trade ties with the
European Union, especially under the GSP+ status,
which provides export benefits to support its
economy.
35. How does Pakistan help developing countries?
Pakistan supports developing countries through
economic cooperation, education, and technology
sharing, and by participating in organizations like
ECO and OIC.
36. How does Pakistan promote world peace?
Pakistan promotes world peace by participating in
UN peace missions, supporting disarmament,
resolving disputes through dialogue, and advocating
for justice and equality among nations.

21. 37. What is Pakistan’s stance on the Kashmir issue?
Pakistan believes that the Kashmiri people must be
given their right to self-determination through a UN-
supervised plebiscite and continues to support them
diplomatically and morally.
38. What is the importance of foreign policy for
Pakistan?
Foreign policy helps Pakistan protect its sovereignty,
strengthen global relations, attract investment, and
represent its national interests at international
platforms.
39. How has Pakistan contributed to the Muslim
world’s unity?
Pakistan actively works for Islamic unity through the
OIC, supports Muslim nations in crisis, and promotes
cooperation in trade, education, and defense.
40. What is Pakistan’s ultimate goal in world affairs?
Pakistan’s ultimate goal is to ensure national
security, promote peace, defend the rights of
oppressed nations, and contribute to a just and
peaceful international order based on equality and
cooperation.
Chapter 10 – Pakistan’s Role in World Affairs

22. Long Questions (8 Marks Each)
Q1. Describe Pakistan’s role and contribution to the
United Nations.
Introduction:
Since joining the United Nations on 30th September
1948, Pakistan has played an active and responsible
role in promoting international peace, justice, and
cooperation. As a developing country, Pakistan
believes that global peace and security can only be
maintained through collective efforts, equality among
nations, and respect for sovereignty.
Explanation:
Pakistan has always stood by the principles and
purposes of the United Nations Charter. One of its
earliest contributions was presenting the Kashmir
dispute before the UN Security Council in 1948.
Pakistan demanded that the people of Jammu and
Kashmir be given the right of self-determination

23. according to the UN resolutions. This issue remains
central to Pakistan’s foreign policy.
Another significant contribution of Pakistan to the UN
is through peacekeeping missions. Pakistan is among
the top contributors of troops to UN peacekeeping
operations. Pakistani soldiers have served with
courage and dedication in countries like Congo,
Somalia, Bosnia, Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Sudan.
Their professionalism has earned Pakistan worldwide
respect.
Pakistan has also worked for global disarmament and
nuclear non-proliferation, emphasizing peaceful use
of nuclear energy. It actively participates in UN
conferences and committees dealing with
disarmament, human rights, refugees, and social
development. Furthermore, Pakistan has been elected
multiple times to the UN Security Council and

24. Economic and Social Council, where it has supported
the rights of developing and Muslim countries.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, Pakistan’s role in the UN reflects its
commitment to international peace, justice, and
equality. Through diplomacy, peacekeeping, and
active participation in UN organs, Pakistan continues
to contribute to a stable and prosperous global order
while defending the rights of oppressed nations such
as the people of Kashmir and Palestine.
Q2. Discuss Pakistan’s relations with Muslim
countries and its role in the Organization of Islamic
Cooperation (OIC).
Introduction:
Pakistan, being an Islamic Republic, shares deep
historical, cultural, and religious ties with other
Muslim countries. From the very beginning, Pakistan
has advocated for unity, cooperation, and progress

25. among Muslim nations to ensure collective strength
and independence in world affairs.
Explanation:
Pakistan’s relations with Muslim countries are based
on Islamic brotherhood, mutual respect, and shared
interests. It has always supported the independence
and rights of Muslim nations, especially Palestine,
Kashmir, and Bosnia. The idea of Muslim unity has
been a cornerstone of Pakistan’s foreign policy since
Quaid-e-Azam emphasized solidarity among Islamic
countries.
Pakistan played a leading role in the formation of the
Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) in 1969
after the arson attack on Al-Aqsa Mosque. The OIC
was established at a conference in Rabat, Morocco,
where Pakistan’s efforts were crucial in uniting the
Muslim world. Since then, Pakistan has actively

26. participated in OIC summits and has hosted several
important meetings.
Through the OIC, Pakistan promotes cooperation in
education, science, trade, defense, and culture among
Muslim countries. It has raised its voice for the
liberation of Palestine and Kashmir, calling for joint
Muslim action against oppression. Pakistan has also
provided humanitarian aid to Muslim nations during
crises, including Afghanistan, Turkey, and Syria.
Conclusion:
To conclude, Pakistan’s leadership in the Muslim
world and its active role in the OIC demonstrate its
commitment to Islamic unity and solidarity. It
continues to strengthen ties with Muslim nations for
mutual progress and works tirelessly for justice,
peace, and the defense of Islamic values globally.
Q3. Explain Pakistan’s relations with neighboring
countries: China, Afghanistan, India, and Iran .

27. Introduction:
Pakistan’s geographical location makes its relations
with neighboring countries extremely important for its
peace, security, and economic development. These
relations have evolved based on historical, cultural,
and political factors.
Explanation:
Pakistan and China share an exemplary friendship
often described as “higher than the Himalayas,
deeper than the oceans.” Their cooperation includes
defense, technology, trade, and infrastructure projects
such as the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor
(CPEC) and the Karakoram Highway, symbolizing
trust and partnership.
Relations with Afghanistan are rooted in shared
religion, culture, and ethnicity. Pakistan has hosted
millions of Afghan refugees during the Soviet invasion
and supported peace efforts. However, border issues

28. like the Durand Line have occasionally caused
tensions, which Pakistan seeks to resolve through
dialogue.
With India, relations have been tense mainly due to
the Kashmir dispute and historical conflicts. Pakistan
advocates for peaceful resolution through UN
resolutions and bilateral dialogue, though wars in
1948, 1965, and 1971 have affected trust.
Pakistan’s relations with Iran remain friendly, based
on Islamic brotherhood and mutual cooperation in
energy, trade, and regional peace. Both countries are
active members of the Economic Cooperation
Organization (ECO) and work together for regional
stability.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, Pakistan’s foreign policy towards
neighboring countries is based on peace, cooperation,
and mutual respect. Despite challenges, Pakistan

29. continues to strengthen ties with all neighbors to
ensure regional stability and development.
Q4. Describe Pakistan’s relations with international
organizations like SAARC, ECO, and the
Commonwealth.
Introduction:
Pakistan plays an important role in several regional
and international organizations. Through active
participation in SAARC, ECO, and the
Commonwealth, Pakistan promotes economic
cooperation, peace, and development among member
states.
Explanation:
The South Asian Association for Regional
Cooperation (SAARC) was established in 1985 to
strengthen cooperation among South Asian countries.
Pakistan is a founding member and supports
initiatives in education, health, trade, and

30. environment. However, political tensions, particularly
with India, have sometimes limited SAARC’s
progress.
The Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) was
established to promote economic, trade, and transport
collaboration among Pakistan, Iran, Turkey, and
Central Asian countries. Pakistan has hosted several
ECO summits and continues to promote connectivity
through projects like CPEC, benefiting the entire
region.
Pakistan also has historical ties with the
Commonwealth, an organization of countries once
under British rule. After leaving it in 1972, Pakistan
rejoined in 1989 to strengthen international
cooperation in democracy, education, and
development.
Conclusion:
In summary, Pakistan’s participation in regional and

31. global organizations reflects its commitment to
mutual development and peace. By engaging with
SAARC, ECO, and the Commonwealth, Pakistan
continues to promote its national interests while
supporting global cooperation.
Q5. Explain Pakistan’s stance on the Kashmir issue
and its efforts for its peaceful resolution.
Introduction:
The Kashmir issue is one of the oldest and most
serious disputes between Pakistan and India. It
originated at the time of partition in 1947, when the
Hindu ruler of the Muslim-majority state of Jammu
and Kashmir acceded to India against the wishes of
its people. Pakistan considers Kashmir the unfinished
part of partition and believes that its people should
have the right to self-determination, as promised by
the United Nations.

32. Explanation:
Pakistan raised the Kashmir dispute at the United
Nations in 1948, where the Security Council passed
several resolutions recognizing the right of the
Kashmiri people to decide their future through a free
and fair plebiscite under UN supervision. Since then,
Pakistan has consistently supported this stance
through diplomatic, political, and moral means.
Over the years, Pakistan has tried multiple times to
resolve the dispute through bilateral talks with India.
The Simla Agreement (1972) and Lahore Declaration
(1999) were major attempts to normalize relations.
However, India has refused to implement the UN
resolutions or allow international mediation. Despite
this, Pakistan continues to advocate for peace and the
protection of human rights in Indian-occupied
Kashmir.

33. Pakistan also plays a vital role at international
forums like the OIC, UN General Assembly, and
Human Rights Council, highlighting Indian atrocities
and urging the world community to intervene.
Pakistan observes Kashmir Solidarity Day every year
on 5th February to show its unwavering commitment
to the Kashmiri cause. The government provides
support to Kashmiri refugees and humanitarian
assistance to the affected families.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, Pakistan’s stance on the Kashmir issue
is based on justice, human rights, and international
law. It firmly believes that lasting peace in South Asia
cannot be achieved without resolving the Kashmir
dispute according to the wishes of the Kashmiri
people. Through diplomatic and peaceful means,
Pakistan continues its struggle for the right of self-
determination for the people of Kashmir.

34. Q6. Discuss Pakistan’s nuclear program and its
impact on world affairs.
Introduction:
Pakistan’s nuclear program is one of the most
significant achievements in its national defense and
scientific history. It represents the determination of
the Pakistani nation to ensure security, self-reliance,
and balance of power in South Asia. The nuclear
program began after India’s nuclear ambitions
became clear, and Pakistan was compelled to respond
to maintain regional stability.
Explanation:
Pakistan’s nuclear journey began in the 1970s under
the leadership of Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto,
who declared that Pakistan would not compromise on
its defense. The Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission
(PAEC) and scientists like Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan

35. played a crucial role in developing nuclear
capability.
After India conducted nuclear tests in 1974, Pakistan
accelerated its efforts to develop a peaceful nuclear
program. Despite international pressure and
sanctions, Pakistan maintained that its nuclear
program was for defensive and peaceful purposes
only. Finally, on 28 May 1998, Pakistan successfully
conducted nuclear tests at Chagai Hills, Balochistan,
in response to India’s tests earlier that month. This
historic event made Pakistan the first Islamic nuclear
power and the seventh nuclear state in the world.
The nuclear capability strengthened Pakistan’s
defense and restored the balance of power in South
Asia, preventing external aggression. Pakistan
continues to emphasize the peaceful use of nuclear
energy, contributing to electricity generation, medical
treatment, and scientific research. Internationally,

36. Pakistan supports nuclear disarmament on an equal
and non-discriminatory basis.
Conclusion:
To sum up, Pakistan’s nuclear program symbolizes
national pride, unity, and security. It has enhanced
Pakistan’s global standing and ensured deterrence
against threats. While remaining committed to peace,
Pakistan upholds its right to maintain a credible
nuclear deterrent for the safety and stability of the
region.
Q7. Explain Pakistan’s contribution toward world
peace and its participation in international
peacekeeping missions.
Introduction:
Peace is a fundamental objective of Pakistan’s
foreign policy. Since its independence, Pakistan has
consistently worked for world peace, international
cooperation, and the settlement of disputes through

37. dialogue. One of the most remarkable aspects of
Pakistan’s contribution to global peace is its active
role in UN peacekeeping missions.
Explanation:
Pakistan joined the United Nations in 1948 and soon
became one of the most dependable contributors to its
peacekeeping operations. Over the decades, Pakistani
troops have served under the UN flag in conflict-torn
regions such as Congo, Somalia, Bosnia, Liberia,
Sudan, and Sierra Leone. These soldiers are known
for their discipline, bravery, and humanitarian
conduct.
Pakistan’s peacekeepers have helped maintain
ceasefires, protect civilians, assist refugees, and
rebuild war-affected communities. Many Pakistani
soldiers have sacrificed their lives in the service of
global peace, earning international praise and
respect.

38. Beyond peacekeeping, Pakistan also supports peace
through diplomatic efforts. It mediates in regional
disputes, promotes disarmament, and opposes
terrorism and extremism. Pakistan’s commitment to
dialogue and cooperation reflects its belief in the UN
Charter and the principles of peaceful coexistence.
Pakistan also supports humanitarian causes by
providing relief during international disasters,
contributing to UNESCO, UNICEF, and WHO
programs, and hosting millions of refugees from
neighboring countries.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, Pakistan’s dedication to global peace
is demonstrated through its sacrifices and consistent
efforts in the United Nations. Whether by sending
peacekeepers, supporting diplomacy, or promoting
human rights, Pakistan has always acted as a

39. responsible member of the international community
and a true advocate of world peace.
Q8. Analyze Pakistan’s foreign policy objectives in
the modern world.
Introduction:
Foreign policy serves as the roadmap that guides a
nation’s relations with other countries. Pakistan’s
foreign policy aims to protect its national interests,
ensure security, and promote peace and prosperity. In
the modern world, where global challenges and
alliances are rapidly changing, Pakistan continues to
pursue a balanced, independent, and peace-oriented
foreign policy.
Explanation:
The main objectives of Pakistan’s foreign policy
include safeguarding national independence,
maintaining territorial integrity, and promoting
Islamic unity. Pakistan seeks friendly relations with

40. all nations, especially Muslim countries, neighboring
states, and global powers.
A major focus of Pakistan’s foreign policy is
promoting peaceful coexistence. It believes in
resolving international disputes through dialogue
rather than war. Pakistan also works actively within
the United Nations, OIC, SAARC, and ECO to
strengthen international cooperation.
Another key objective is economic development.
Pakistan strives to attract foreign investment, expand
trade relations, and benefit from regional projects
like CPEC, which connect it to China, Central Asia,
and the Middle East. Moreover, Pakistan supports
self-determination for oppressed nations like Kashmir
and Palestine, showing its commitment to justice and
human rights.
In the 21st century, Pakistan also focuses on
combating terrorism, addressing climate change, and

41. promoting technological and educational
advancement. Its foreign policy balances relations
with world powers such as the United States, China,
Russia, and the European Union, ensuring that
national interests remain supreme.
Conclusion:
To conclude, Pakistan’s foreign policy is rooted in
peace, equality, and cooperation. It reflects the vision
of Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, who wanted
Pakistan to live in friendship with all nations. By
pursuing dialogue, regional stability, and global
cooperation, Pakistan continues to play a vital role in
shaping a peaceful and prosperous modern world.