MSA 7115 Assignment Ejuku David Ambrose.

this presentation is about anticipated action plans. this is defined as activities that are carried out before a disaster strikes to reduce on its effect to the population

1. Graduate program: MSC Global change and Sustainable Agriculture . MSA 7115 Anticipated Action Plans in Sustainable Agriculture Prepared by Ejuku David Ambrose

2. 1. Definitions of AAP Anticipatory Action is acting ahead of predicted hazards to prevent or reduce acute humanitarian impacts before they fully unfold . Planning in advance for the next disaster, putting the response plans and the funding in place before a disaster, releasing the funds to act to reduce the impact of a disaster and therefore limit humanitarian needs. Anticipatory humanitarian actions are actions taken in anticipation of a crisis, either before the shock or at least before resulting humanitarian needs have manifested themselves in slow-onset situations .

3. AAP Definitions cont ………. Anticipatory action refers to actions taken to reduce the humanitarian impacts of a forecast hazard before it occurs, or before its most acute impacts are felt . Anticipatory actions involve proactive measures undertaken by both individuals and organizations in anticipation of a forthcoming disaster.

4. 2. Objectives of AAP The primary objective is to mitigate the potential impact of shocks on people, assets, and infrastructure. To empower the community by involving them in the decision-making process and encouraging active participation in disaster preparedness. To reduce and mitigate the impact of potential hazards and disasters with timely response. To safeguard lives and livelihoods from the immediate effects of hazards, thus reducing humanitarian needs and protecting development gains.

5. Objectives of AAP cont ……… To improve overall effectiveness of assistance and reduce the cost of humanitarian response; To allow vulnerable people to uphold their dignity during and after the shocks; and To improve the resilience of vulnerable communities to shocks over time.

6. 3. Practices of AAP Anticipatory actions are designed depending on the hazard and the livelihoods groups targeted . AA activities comprise a variety of interventions designed to protect food production, promote livelihood diversification , ensure economic access to food, and strengthen early warning and agricultural advisory services . Anticipatory actions may include; Provision of animal fodder and shock-resilient seeds /drought resistant seed Cash transfers: This is done to improve on the purchasing power of the communities and hence increasing resilience Promotion of good water management: Use of water harvesting and conservation methods through efficient irrigation systems and water saving techniques (bands, contours, tanks, basins), this increases crop yields and prevents soil erosion/reduces animal movements and disease outbreaks or spread

7. Practices of AAP Cont …… Crop rotation and intercropping: This helps to reduce pests and diseases, improve soil fertility and increase biodiversity. Soil conservation and management: Here we implement minimum or zero tillage, cover cropping, terracing and crop residue management to reduce soil erosion and improve soil health. Integrated Pest Management: The plan here is to use IPM practices such as; crop monitoring, biological control and cultural controls to minimize pesticide use. Climate resilient agriculture: We implement practices like; agroforestry, conservation agriculture to enhance climate resilience.

8. Practices of AAP Cont …… Organic amendments and integrated nutrient management : to boost soil fertility and reducing erotion Sustainable livestock management: Implement practices like; timely vaccination, rotational grazing, silvopasture and integrated livestock-crop systems to reduce animal diseases, enhance livestock productivity and reducing environmental impact Biodiversity conservation: Develop a plan to conserve and promote biodiversity through practices like Agroecology, permaculture and habitat restoration Farmer training and capacity building: To increase on the skills and knowledge of the farmers on early warning identification and reporting for timely action planning and sustainable agriculture.

9. 4. Impact of AAP on sustainable agricultural principles Some of the Sustainable Agricultural Principles; Improvement of quality of life: A system approach: profitability: Stewardship: Equal emphasis on science and experience: Multidisciplinary nature: The transition to sustainable is a process:

10. Impact of AAP on sustainable agricultural principles cont …… Better decision making: by anticipating potential challenges and opportunities, farmers can make informed decisions to reduce the risks and capitalize on new opportunities in a timely manner. Enhanced climate resilience: AAP can help farmers adapt to climate change by implementing climate resilient practices. Reduced environmental impact: by anticipating potential environmental impacts, farmers can take steps to minimize their foot print, reducing pollution, conserving water and promoting biodiversity. Improved soil health and fertility: by anticipating soil health challenges, farmers can take proactive measures to maintain soil fertility, structure and biodiversity.

11. Impact of AAP on sustainable agricultural principles cont …… 5. Reduces pest and disease pressure: This helps farmers anticipate and manage pests and disease outbreaks, reducing crop loses and minimizing pesticide use. 6. Improved crop yields and quality: By anticipating and preparing for potential challenges, farmers can take proactive measures to optimize crop growth, reduce losses and crop diversification. 7. Enhanced livelihood and food security: This plans lead to improved livelihoods, food security and nutrition through crop rotation, crop diversity, improved soils, reduced pests and increased crop yields. 8. Increased efficiency and productivity : through proper use of resistant seed, organic fertilizers and reduced use of pesticides and synthetic fertilisers

12. 5. Impact on ecosystem and SDG indicator addressed Ecosystem may be defined as interactions within the living organisms and AAP impact on this organisms in the following ways; Helps in conservation of biodiversity through protection of vulnerable species in the ecosystem There is improved ecosystem services like pollination, pest control and nutrient cycling There is reduced pollution by anticipating and mitigating potential sources of pollution. Enhanced ecosystem resilience. By preparing for potential disturbances, ecosystems can become resilient to climate change, invasive species and other stressors

13. 6. Advantages (Environmental, Social and Economic) Environmental Advantages Reduced pollution. Minimizing pollution maintains air and water quality. Improved biodiversity conservation. This helps protect vulnerable species and ecosystems. Efficient resource use and management. Ensures sustainability through limited use of fertilizers and pesticides Enhanced ecosystem resilience. Reduced environment degradation Protection of ecosystem services like pollination Reduces costs associated with environmental damage and hence cost saving

14. Social advantages Ensures availability and access to nutritious food Improves skills and knowledge at community level through trainings. Improved health Effective emergency response Strengthening social protection and support to vulnerable populations Community resilience Increased community engagement and involvement

15. Economic advantages Improved resource allocation. Job creation Reduced economic losses Diversified sources of income Increased access to finance Reduced financial risk.

16. 7. Closing Remarks on Sustainable Agriculture Anticipatory actions involve proactive measures undertaken by both individuals and organizations in anticipation of a forthcoming disaster. The primary objective is to mitigate the potential impact on people, assets, and infrastructure. Anticipatory actions come in many shapes and sizes, but they always come before the shock has impacted people. They are highly time-sensitive and connected to forecasts. In food security and agriculture sector, these actions can range from cash transfers, In pastoral communities, they often include animal feed and vaccines to keep essential livestock alive and healthy ahead of drought, while crop farmers may get drip irrigation and drought-resistant seeds.