MSC botany talent feature of XANTHOPHYTA

Talent feature of ETA type of production etc

1. Government gramya bharti college Government gramya bharti college
Hardi bazarHardi bazar
MSC 1ST SEM.- BOTANYMSC 1ST SEM.- BOTANY
PAPER-1ST PAPER-1ST
Session- 2025-26Session- 2025-26
Guided by-Guided by-
MR. KALYAN SINGH MR. KALYAN SINGH
Submitted by-Submitted by-
SIPI AGRAWAL SIPI AGRAWAL

2. TOPICTOPIC
SALIENT FEATURE SALIENT FEATURE

XYNTHOPHYTA XYNTHOPHYTA
OFOF

3. A B C D

4. Content Content
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Introduction
General features
Range of structure and organisation of
thallus
Reproductive diversity and life cycle pattern
Classification up to level of order
Economic importance
Reference

5. INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION
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XYNTHOPHYTA also known as yellow green algae
are a diverse group of eukaryotic photosynthetic
organisms
Primarily bound in freshwater the sum live in
Marine and soil habitats
Range from unicellular to filaments forms and are
characteriz by their yellow green colour caused by
high levels of xynthophylls and ß carotene
alongside chlorophyll a.
Key features include cell walls composed of
Patrick substances or cellulose, carbohydrate
storage oil and leucosin, and the presence of
unequal flagella in the motile form

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The xanthophyta originated from a unicellular
flagellate ancestor and were initially grouped with
green algae but were letters separated into their
own division heterokontae due to having unequal
flagella
The classification name xynthophyceae was
given to the group by Allorge in 1930.

7. GENERAL FEATURES GENERAL FEATURES









These are the important group of heterokont algae's
Commonly known as yellow green algae
Consists of approx 600 species of algae most of which inhabit freshwater
They vary in form and size from single cell organism to small filamentous form
or simple colony
XYNTHOPHYTE cell wall consists of cellulose and hemicellulose
Most have two flagella arising from opposite end of the cell
Motile cell s with a forwardly directed tinsel flagellum and a posteriorly
directed whiplash flagellum
Some species of xynthophytes serve as a model system for investigating in
chloroplast moment
They appear closest relative to the common known brown algae

8. Range of
structure and
organisation of
thallus
Range of
structure and
organisation of
thallus

9. PIGMENTSPIGMENTS
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Chief pigment consist of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll c, ß
carotene, diatoxanthin, diadinoxanthin and heteroxanthin
Chlorophyll b is absent
Xynthophyll (dominant pigment)
Yellow green color is due to chlorphyll c, as opposed to
the golden colour or their relative which may make them
difficult to recognised as chromists

10. RESERVE FOOD RESERVE FOOD
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Chief food reserves are a ß-1,3 linked glucans, fats and oils
It is never a starch the principle sterol is the Ergostrol
Their storage polysaccharides is chrysolaminarin
Habit and HabitatHabit and Habitat
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Generally found in freshwaterGenerally wet soil and tree trunks but
several are marine species.
It was found that xynthophycae loses its cytoplasmic streaming
ability and organisation of other vegetative filament when it is in
aluminium rich environment

12. BUSINESSBROCHURE
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16. CELL WALLCELL WALL
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The cell wall in most of the non flagellated from is
made up of 2 equal or unequal hofp with generally
overlap each other
In some non-motile form cell wall is silicified
Cell wall of an absent but when present it is rich in
pectic compound

17. Reproductive
diversity and
life cycle
patterns
Reproductive
diversity and
life cycle
patterns

18. Reproduction in yellow green algaeReproduction in yellow green algae
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Reproduction is predominantly asexual
which involves fragmentation of filaments
or spore formation
Sports maybe plegilated and free
swimming (zoospores) or they maybe Non
flagellated

19. Sexual reproduction Sexual reproduction
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Sexual reproduction is known only in two genera
Botrydium, in which the sex cells are isogamous
and voucherria in which the cell are oogamus

20. Life cycle of vaucherria Life cycle of vaucherria
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The life cycle of Vaucheria is haplontic meaning it
has a dominant haploid(n) fees with the
deployed(2n) state limited to the oospore(Zygote)
The haplod, coenocytic, thallus reproduce
asexually via zoospores (in aquatic species) or
aplanospores (In Terretrial species)
It also reproduce a sexually when sperm from an
antredium fertilized an egg in an oogania forming
a zygote that develops into a resistant oospore
When favourable conditions return the oosore
germinates to form a new haploid thallus

23. Asexual reproduction in Vaucheria Asexual reproduction in Vaucheria
Fragmentation Fragmentation
The coenocytic thallus can break into small
fragments which then develop into new thalli

Zoospore formation Zoospore formation
In aquatic species specialized club shaped
zoosporangia form at the tips of branches a deploid
zoospore containing nuclei and chloroplasts is
realeased and develops into a new haploid thallus

24. Sexual reproduction in vucheria Sexual reproduction in vucheria
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Vucheria is a genus of filamentous green algae
reproduce sexually through a process called
oogamy
This involves the formation of a specialized
structure called antheridia (male) and
oogonia(female)
In most freshwater species this structure
developed on the same filament.
The anthredium curve towards the oogonium
The sperm cell are release and swim towards the
egg cell
One sperm cell fertilized the egg forming a zygote
The zygote develop a thick multilayered
wall(oospore).

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It undergoes a period of dormancy
Under favourable conditions the oospore
germinates producing a new vucheria filament

26. Classification up to level of
order
Classification up to level of
order
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In 1930 Allorge renamed the group as
xanthophyceae
Xanthophycae have been divided into
following 4 order in some
classification systems

27. ORDER-1
Botrydiales
Botrydium
ORDER-2
Misschococcales

Mischococcus
ORDER-3
Tribonemetals
pascher
Tribonema
ORDER-4
vaucheriales
Vaucheria

28. Economic importanceEconomic importance
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Xanthphyta are important contaminants source of
water a drinking water supply these are able to
change the quality of water but this are so small
that mostly scientist ignore their role which they
play for water
Freshwater xynthophta algae are not known to be
toxin producers but marines species produce
potent ichytoxins that lead to fish killing during
bloom

29. ReferenceReference
Dr Deepa Srivastava
Assistant professor
Department of botany
DDU Gorakhpur University
ddugu.ac.in

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