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computer organization and architecture

1. Lecture 1 Introduction Computer Organization and Architecture Abdulniser Khald Hamzah 1

2. Introduction :: Computer Organization and Architecture Technology has made incredible improvement in the past half century. In the early part of computer evolution, there were no stored-program computer, the computational power was less and on the top of it the size of the computer was a very huge one. Today, a personal computer has more computational power, more main memory, more disk storage, smaller in size and it is available in affordable cost. This rapid rate of improvement has come both from advances in the technology used to build computers and from innovation in computer design. 2 Abdulniser Khald Hamzah

3. In this course we will mainly deal with the innovation in computer design. The task that the computer designer handles is a complex one: Determine what attributes are important for a new machine, then design a machine to maximize performance while staying within cost constraints. This task has many aspects, including instruction set design, functional organization, logic design, and implementation. While looking for the task for computer design, both the terms computer organization and computer architecture come into picture . 3 Introduction :: Computer Organization and Architecture Abdulniser Khald Hamzah

4. 4 Why study computer organization and architecture? Design better programs, including system software such as compilers, operating systems, and device drivers. Optimize program behavior. Evaluate (benchmark) computer system performance. Understand time, space, and price tradeoffs. Abdulniser Khald Hamzah

5. 5 A Computer .... • takes input • processes it according to stored instructions • produces results as output A Computer .... The word computer was taken from the Latin – Computare – which means‘ calculate’ Computer is a machine that only can execute instructions that given by the user and operate the data base on the related instruction. The computer will process the data to produce information.

6. 6 Types of Computer Abdulniser Khald Hamzah

7. Data vs Information Data is a raw fact. There are 5 types of data: 1.Text : alphabetic, numeric, special symbol 2 . Graphics : picture 3.Audio : any kind of sound 4 .Video : a series of photograph frame which record the real 5 .Animation : A series of image which is displayed one by one to produce a movement illusion Information – data that has been processed and contains meaning. 7 Abdulniser Khald Hamzah

8. Structure VS Function Structure Is the way how each component/unit of computer communicates to each other. Function Refers to the operation of each component which include in a structure. 8 Abdulniser Khald Hamzah