mughals & architecture class 12 history project

class 12 history mughals and arcitecture

1. mughals & architecture Name:- Nitin Kumar Class:- XII B Roll No:- 17606613 Subject:- History Submitted to:- Mrs Anupam Handa

2. ACKNOWLEDGMENT I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my teacher Mrs Anupam Handa who gave me the golden opportunity to do this wonderful project of history MUGHALS & ARCHITECTURE I came to know about so many new things. I am really thankful to them Secondly,I would like to thanks my parents who helped me a lot in finalizing this project within the limited time frame

3. CERTIFICATE This is to certify that “ Nitin kumar ” Student of class “ XII B ” “ Humanities ” has successfully completed their project of “ Mughal & architecture ” under the guidence of “ MRS ANUPAM HANDA ”

4. The mughal kings commissioned court historians write accounts of their achievments . These accounts recorded the events of the emperor time. The writers collected vast amount of information from the regions of the sub continent. To help the rulers govern their domain. Modern historians who write history in english have termed those accounts as chronicals ; because the accounts give information in chronological o rder…. CHRONICALS; are an indispensible source for any scholar wishing to write a history of the mughal they were a repository of factual information about the institution of the mughal state. They were intended as conveyrs of maeanings that the mughal rulers sought to impose on their demands INTRODUCTION

5. The age of the mughals The great cities built by mughal emperors at “ delhi,agra,lahore ” still retain something of the magnificence that was associated with the mughal dynasty during 17 th century*** The name “ mughal ” or “ moghul ” is a erruption of the persian word for “ mongol ” , the central asian tribe after whom “ mongolia ” is named The mughals orignated in central asia , and were descended from the mughal ruler JENGHIZ KHAN and TIMUR [ TAM BURINIE] the greek conqueror of asia . They were immensly proud of their pedigree and it was the memory of timur’s raids pn india in the 14 th century the spurred babur on to invade

6. Mughal rulers BABUR HUMAYUN 1526-1530 1530-1540,1555-1556 AKBAR JAHANGIR 1556-1605 1605-1627 SHAHJAHAN AURANGZEB 1628-1638 1658-1707

7. ZAHIR-UD-DIN MUHAMMAD BABUR The mughal dynasty was founded by a chagatai turkic prince named who was descended from the turkic conover “ timur ” on his fathers side and from chagatai , second son of the mughal ruler Genghis khan, on his mothers side. Outside from his ancestrol domain in central asia , babur turned to india to satisfy his appitite for conquest from his base in kabul he was able to secure control of the punjab and in 1526 he routed the forces of the delhi sultan IBRAHIM LODI at the first battle of panipat overwhelmed at the rajput confederacy under rana sanga of mewar and in 1529 he defeated the afghans of eastern up & bihar . At his death in 1530 he controlled all the northern india from the INDUS RIVER on the west BIHAR on the east & from the HIMALAYS south to GWALIOR

8. Nasir ud -din muhammad humayun Humayun was the second emperor who ruled over territory in what is now afghanistan,pakistan and parts of northern india from 1531-1540 and again from 1555-1556 like his father,babur he lost his kimgdom early but regained it with persian aid, with additional territory. At the time of his death in 1556 the mughal empire spanned almost one million square kilometers HUMAYUN succeded his father in 1531 as ruler of the mughal territories in india . At the age of 23 humayun was an inexperienced ruler when he came to power his half brother KAMRAN MIRZA inherited kabul and lahore , the more northern parts of their fathers empire. Mirza wants to became a bitter rival of humayun

9. Mirza nur - ud -din beig mohammad khan salim Now by his imperial name jahangir was the 4 th mughal emperor who ruled from 1605 until his death in 1627. Jahangir was the eldest surviving son of mughal emperor akbar & was declared successor to his father from an early age. Imaptient for power,however he revolted in 1599 while akbar was engaged in the deccan . Jahangir built on his fathers foundations of excellent administration and his reign was characterized by political stability, as strong economy and impressive cultural achievements

10. Abul-fath jalal ud -din muhammed akbar He was the third & one of the greatest ruler of the mughal dynasty in india . Akbar succeded his father HUMAYUN under a regent BAIRAM KHAN who helped the young emperor expand and consolidated mughal domain in india . Astrong personality and a successful general,akbar,gradually enlarged the mughal empire to include nearly all of the INIDAN SUBCONTINENT north of GODAVARI RIVER His power & influenced, however extended over the entire because of mughal military,political,cultural & economic dominance. Tonify the vast mughal state akbar established a system of administrative thrpughout his empire and adopted a policy of consilliating conquered rulers through marrige and diplomacy

11. Shahbuddin-muhammad shah jahan Shahjahan was the fifth mughal emperor of india he is also known as shahjahan . He ruled from 1628 until 1658. Born prince khurram , he was the son of emperor jahagir and his hindu rajput wife, Taj bibi Bilqis makani . He had an insatiable passsion for building, and under his rule Taj mahal & Great mosque of delhi were erected his reign marked cultural zenith of mughal rule, but his military expeditions brought the empire to the brink of bankruotion he was a more orthodox muslim than his father and grand father

12. Abul muzaffar muhi - ud -din mohammad aurangzeb He was the sixth mughal emperor and ruled over most of the indian subcontinent. His reign lasted for 49 years. From 1658 until his death 1707. Aurangzeb annexed the muslim deccan kingdoms of bigapur and golconda and there by brought the empire to its greatest extent, but his political & religious intolerence laid the seats of its decline. He ecluded hindus from public office and destroyed their schools and temples, while his perecution of the sikhs of the punjab turned that sect against muslims rule and roused rebillions amoung the rajput,sikhs and marathas . He had faled to crush marathas of deccan

13. Mughals achitecture agra fort Agra fort is a historical fort in the city of agra in india . It was the main residence of the emperors of mughal dynasty until 1638; when the capital was shifted from agra to delhi . Before capture by the british , lost indian rulers to have occupied it were the marathas . It w\is 2.5km north west of its more famous sister monument the taj mahal . It had been used by the early mughals

14. Purana qila The first mughal tomb of note to be constructed in india . It is built for his wife haji begum the architect was a persian . An imposing gateway is introduced in the middle of each of the four sides of the enclosure the western being the main entrance with an embowed archway which framus the view of the double double dome ie , a dome with two shells, an outer one supporting exterior & inner one built lower to create a better proportion with the shape below

15. Kabuli bagh mosque It is a mosque in panipat which was built in 1527. By the emperor babur to the mark of his victory over sultan ibrahim sodhi at the first battle of panipat is named after kabuli bagh , baburs wifen

16. Shalimar bagh Shalimar bagh is a mughal garden in srinagar jammu kashmir,india linked through a channel to the northeast of dal lake. It is also known as shalimar garden in vicinity In nishant bagh ‘the garden of delight’. The bagh is built for Jahangir wife nur jahan

17. Taj mahal The taj mahal is an ivory-white marble on the southern bank of the river yamuna in the indian city of agra . It was commisioned in 1632 by the mughal emperor shah jahan to house the tomb of his wife, mumtaz mahal ; it also houses the tomb of shah jahan himself. The tomb is the antepeice of a 17-hectare(42acre) complex which includes a mosque and a great house and is set informal gardens bounded on three sides by a wall