multi-layer farming system

Situation of land holding in India….
Problems….
Solution….
-Multi layer farming….
Project introduction
Selected crop information
Project description
Basic principle of multi-layer farming
Benefits of multi layer farming
Conclusion

1. WELCOME

2. PARUL UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY PARUL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING FINAL YEAR (7 TH SEM) PROJECT PRESENTATION NAVIN RAMWANI – 170305110014 KHUSHI SAINI – 170305110015 DARSHAN ACHARYA – 170305110022 PROJECT GUIDE - DR. S.S TRIPATHI

3. MULTI-LAYER FARMING DOUBLE FARMER INCOME

4. Situation of land holding in India…. Problems…. Solution…. -Multi layer farming…. Project introduction Selected crop information Project description Basic principle of multi-layer farming Benefits of multi layer farming Conclusion CONTENT

5. SITUATION OF LAND HOLDING IN INDIA The average size of land holdings was 2.28 hectares in 1970-71 which was reduced to 1.82 hectares in 1980-81 and 1.50 hectares in 1995-96 . The size of the holdings will further decrease with the infinite sub – division of the land holdings. The number of small and marginal agricultural land holdings in the country (known as operational holdings) has registered a marginal increase in 2015-16 compared to 2010-11. This means that there are more people who now own smaller parcels of agricultural land. The average size of the Indian farmland shrank by over six per cent between 2010-11 and 2015-16 , with operational holding in the country dropping to 1.08 hectares from 1.15 hectares in 2010-11 , provisional estimate of the first phase of the 10th agricultural census. The problem of small and fragmented holdings is more serious in densely populated and intensively cultivated sates like Kerala, West Bengal, Bihar and eastern part of Uttar Pradesh where the average size of land holdings is less than one hectare and in certain parts it is less than even 0.5 hectare.

6. PROBLEMS Face by farmers….

7. 1 st - “farm and ranch lands cover nearly 40% of earth’s land area” the land which is infertile, sandy and toxic even in dessert.

8. 2 nd “ Agriculture consumes nearly three quarters of earth’s available water”.

9. 3 rd Wasting fuel & men power 4 th Costly agrochemicals

10. 5 th climate condition effecting farm due to global warming

11. 6 th causing cancer due consuming harmful food 7 th not getting fair value

12. 8 th In the two decades leading up to 2015, more than 321,000 farmers committed suicides, according to national crime records

13. SOLUTION Multi layer farming…

14. MULTI-STORIED /MULTI-TIER /MULTI-LAYER FARMING (SYSTEM) Multilayer farming refers to growing different vegetables on the same plot at a time. This helps smallholder farmers grow various seasonal vegetables and horticultural crops throughout the year while ensuring food and nutritional security for the household.   Multi-layer farming is mostly cash crop based and it includes a combination of vegetables and fruits that can be grown together. In multi-layer farming , the crops are grown at different heights on the same land. This farming cannot be done in open fields as shade is required. Sowing is done in a strategic manner so that multiple crops including fruits, vegetables and flower crops could be grown together in the plot. The rain pipe irrigation method, which uses less water, and organic farming practices are adopted. Apart from these basics, there is a bit of science behind the practice and activities that are part of multilayer farming. One needs to ensure the process is sustainable, organic, and productive in the face of the unfolding climate crisis too.  

15. INTRODUCTION An above described project is based on to ultimate benefits of farmers & its an utilization of whole land area with appropriate climate. As we have taken a 1 acre land on experiment basis and grown 5 different varieties if crops including tuber(ginger), herbage(spinach), layer (tobacco) , tendrils(ivy gourd), top tree(papaya) and border line tree(Neem). By implement of multi-layer farming method also we get off season ginger as it is a basic use in day to day life. If we see spinach it is a cash crop 30 to 40 days needed to harvest and farmers will get on hand cash as he sell this commodities. Papaya having a deep root is absorbs bottom level moisture of soil and water is utilized well. Neem is used as to border, a farm area of 1 acre as mentioned and ivy gourd is a whale vegetable placed with the help of bamboo. This entire view ensures that a farmer can double the annual income as in this mentioned farm the proper utilization of water, land and other resources are involved.

16. Ginger Scientific name : zingiber officinale Crop spacing : 20.20 cm ( l.b) 4 to 5 cm ( depth ) 60 to 90 cm Crop capacity 4 to 5 tones ( per acre ) root depth : less than 12cm Harvesting period : 8 to 10 months Water requirement : 1300-1500 mm ( per crop cycle ) Selected crops information Papaya Scientific name : carica papaya Crop spacing : 1.6m . 1.6m ( l.b) 18 to 22 inches ( depth ) 7.6m ( height ) Crop capacity : 1000 to 1100 plants 50 to 60 tonnes per acre Root depth : 2m Harvesting period : 6 to 9 moths Water requirement : 25 to 30 litre per day

17. Spinach Scientific name : spinacia oleracea Crop spacing : 20-25 cm ( depth ) 30 cm ( height ) Crop capacity : 125 Soil type : Harvesting period : 25 – 30 days after sowing Water requirement : 60 to 100 m ( per crop cycle ) Tobacco Scientific name : nicotiana tabacum Crop spacing : 80 cm . 80 cm 15-20 cm ( height ) Crop capacity : 10-125 ( cartloads per Soil type : sandy loam soil Harvesting period : 90-100 days Water requirement : 110.0 to 186.6 mm

18. Neem Scientific name : azadirachta indica Crop spacing : 10.10 m ( border ) 30 m ( height ) Crop capacity : 430 trees per acre Root depth : 2.5-3 feet Harvesting period : 2-3 years Water requirement : 450 to 1200 mm ( per year ) Ivy gourd Scientific name : coccinia grandis Crop spacing : 60.60 cm( l.b ) 40 feet (height) 3inch (depth) Crop capacity : 90-120 kg/acre Harvesting period : 3 months Water requirement : light

19. Ginger Spinach Papaya Tobacco Ivy gourd Neem

20. Total land approx 1 acre In meter :60×60m Total beds : 49 bed in 196 foot (60 m) Bamboo :- 7 feet distance Total :- 28 bamboo per bed Papaya :- 10 feet distance Total :- 19 papaya plant per bed PROJECT DESCRIPTION

21. Ginger :- 3 layer per bed Total :- 200 plants per layer = total 600 plants Spinach :- 3 layer per bed Total :- 200 plants per layer = total 600 plants Tobacco :- 1 layer per bed Total :- 78 plants Ivy gourd :- two plant per bamboo in per bed Total:- 56 ivy gourd per bed Total number of crops total papaya = 931 plants(19×49) total ginger= 29,400 plants(600×49) Spinach = 29400 plants (600×49) Tobacco = 3822 plants (78×49) Ivy gourd= 2744 plants(56×49)

22. Layout

23. Basic principles of multi-layer farming Multilayer farming is also integrated farming which depends on the principle of total utilization of water, manure, and land and to obtain more production per unit area. Opportunities for crop diversification on scientific, ecological and economic principles Maximum system productivity Utilization of resources with higher efficiency Intensive input use Sustainability of farm resources and environment on long term perspective. This system mostly comprises an overstory of trees or shrubs with an understory of economic or forage crops . Tree to tree distance can be wide enough to let sufficient light through to understory crops.

24. BENEFITS OF MULTI-LAYER FARMING Good utilization of soil, water, and other resources. Reduces whether the effect on crop field and improves the soil characteristics. Keep ecological balance in the environment. Prevent water evaporation from the soi ; as an 70% of wather is saved. The income per unit area increase substantially with this system and ensures a more evenly distribution of income and employment throughout the year from harvesting several crops in a different season. Minimize risks of crops yield loss and this method enables a steady supply of farm products the whole round the year. Generates jobs and provides better labour use pattern.

25. Reduces the impact of hazards such as high-intensity rainfall, soil erosion, and landslides. Well utilizes the soil moisture at different depths of soil and catches solar energy at different heights. Natural resources are utilized accurately. Improves the soil characteristics and adds organic matter to the soil. Effective utilization of leaching materials and helps in effective weed control . Crops can be developed according to market preference. Higher production as the cultivation procedure is accelerated . Reduces some pests and diseases, and weed does not come out. Increase biodiversity which can reduce pest and disease pressure. Provide micro-climate conditions that advantage crops underneath.

26. CONCLUSION Majority of farmers of this country are small and marginal. Most of farmers cultivate seasonal crop with traditional agriculture practice. It is an innovation to evaluate the agriculture practices. It is big scope behind the farmer to earn more income. Small and marginal farmers can earn much more income by cultivating in small piece of land by using this technique. Multilayer farming opens a new door for farmer to earn whole round the year and low risk to loss or failure of crop. So, it is necessary to introduce the farmer with multilayer farming system to improve our farmer’s condition.

27. References https://www.agrifarming.in/multi-layer-farming-process-and-benefits https://www.slideshare.net/MohitDhukia/multi-tier-cropping-system https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/agriculture/indian-farms-getting-smaller/article25113177.ece https://thewotrblog.wordpress.com/2020/07/18/how-multilayer-farming-is-done/#:~:text=Multilayer%20farming%20refers%20to%20growing,nutritional%20security%20for%20the%20household.&text=WOTR%20has%20been%20promoting%20multilayer%20farming%20since%202018