MULTI NUCLEI THEORY

MULTI NUCLEI THEORY all concept

1. MULTI NUCLEI THEORY SUBMITTED BY:- HARSHIT JAIN VANSHITA MAHAJAN JASMEEN KAUR

2. THE MULTIPLE NUCLEI MODEL The Multiple Nuclei Model was created in 1945 by C. D. Harris & E. L. Ullman. This model was based on Concentric Zone Model & Sector Model. The model to no one’s surprise describes the layout of a city based on Chicago. CONCEPT :- “ MULTIE NUCLEI MODEL” IS A MODEL OF URBAN LAND USE IN WHICH A CITY GROWS FROM SEVERAL INDEPENDENT POINTS RATHER THAN FROM ONE CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT. THIS MODEL WAS GIVEN IN AN ARTICLE BY THEM “THE NATURE OF CITIES”. EACH POINT ACTS AS A GROWTH CANTER FROM A PARTICULAR KIND OF LAND USE , SUCH AS INDUSTRY , RETAIL, PORT, UNIVERSITY OR HIGH QUALITY HOUSING ETC. AS THIS EXPAND , THE MARGE TO FROM A SINGLE URBAN AREA. THE CBD IS NOT THE ONLY GENERATOR OF CHANGE.

3. REASON FOR THE MODEL:- • HARRIS AND ULLMAN ARGUED THAT CITIES DON'T GROW A SINGLE NUCLEUS BUT SEVERAL SEPARATE NUCLEI • EACH NUCLEUS ACTS LIKE A GROWTH POINT • THE THEORY WAS FORMED BASED ON THE IDEA THAT PEOPLE HAVE GREATER MOVEMENT DUE TO INCREASED CAR OWNERSHIP • THIS INCREASE OF MOVEMENT ALLOWS FOR THE SPECIALIZATION OF REGIONAL CENTRES • THE NUMBER OF NUCLEI AROUND WHICH THE CITY EXPANDS DEPENDS UPON SITUATIONAL AS WELL AS HISTORICAL FACTORS REASONS FOR THE MODEL CONTINUED ASSUMPTION :- Land is not flat is all areas. Even distribution of resources. Even distribution of people in residential areas. Even transportation costs.

4. Placement of Classes:- • LOW CLASS: LOW CLASS RESIDENTIAL AREA ARE CLOSER TO THE MANUFACTURING JOBS WHICH TEND TO BE NON-MINIMAL SKILLED JOBS. THEY ALSO TEND TO HAVE LOW WAGES WHICH IN TURN LEAD TO A LOW-CLASS RESIDENT • MEDIUM CLASS: MEDIUM CLASS RESIDENTIAL AREA TENDS TO BE CLOSE TO THE CBD. IT ALSO HAS MORE SPACE TO SPREAD OUT TO SUPPORT THE POPULATION WHICH ARE DOING THE SKILLED-LABOR JOBS • HIGH CLASS: HIGH CLASS RESIDENTIAL AREAS TEND TO BE ON THE OUTSKIRTS OF THE MEDIUM CLASS RESIDENTIAL AREA. THE AREA IS ALSO TOUCHING THE OUTLYING BUSINESS DISTRICT. THE JOBS THAT THE PEOPLE IN THIS DISTRICT DO ARE USUALLY SKILLED LABOR AND HAVE HIGH INCOMES. • CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT (CBD) :- THE CBD STILL EXISTS AS THE PRIMARY NUCLEUS, BUT MULTIPLE SMALL BUSINESS DISTRICTS DEVELOPED, DISTRIBUTED AROUND THE METROPOLITAN AREA. SOME OF THESE NEWER AREAS COMPETE WITH THE CBD FOR TRADITIONAL BUSINESSES LIKE BANKS, REAL ESTATE AND INSURANCE COMPANIES.

5. • WHOLESALE LIGHT MANUFACTURING :- THESE BUSINESSES ARE MORE CONSUMER-ORIENTED AND NEAR RESIDENTIAL AREAS. MANUFACTURING GOODS THAT NEED SMALL AMOUNTS OF RAW MATERIALS AND SPACE DEVELOP IN THIS AREA. •HEAVY MANUFACTURING :- THIS NODE IS OCCUPIED BY FACTORIES THAT PRODUCE MATERIAL THAT IS HEAVY LIKE CHEMICALS, STEEL, INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY. MINING AND OIL REFINING INDUSTRIES ALSO CAN BE FOUND IN THIS NODE. • OUTLYING BUSINESS :- THIS DISTRICT COMPETES WITH THE CBD FOR RESIDENTS WHO LIVED IN NEARBY MIDDLE AND HIGH-CLASS NEIGHBORHOODS OFFERING SIMILAR SERVICES AND PRODUCTS AS THE CBD. BUSINESSES FOUND IN THIS NODE ARE MALLS, AIRPORTS, COLLEGES AND COMMUNITY BUSINESSES. • OUTLYING RESIDENTIAL AREA:- THESE RESIDENTIAL AREAS ARE USUALLY SINGLE-FAMILY HOMES ON A SMALL PLOT OF LAND ON THE OUTSKIRTS OF THE CITY. THEY TEND TO BE LAID OUT ON ROADS WITH CUL- DE-SACS INSTEAD OF FOLLOWING THE TRADITIONAL GRID PATTERN. • INDUSTRIAL AREA :- THIS IS A COMMUNITY CREATED AND ZONED FOR INDUSTRIAL SOURCES ON THE OUTSKIRTS OF THE CITY.

6. CRITICISM :- 1. Not an exact fit for all cities and towns. 2. Too complex. 3. Not applicable to oriental cities with different cultural economic and political backgrounds. 4. Negligence of height of buildings. 5. Not even distribution resources. 6. Non-existence of abrupt division between zones. WHERE IS THIS THEORY USED- This model is considered to be more suitable for cities which are large and expanding. This model was found to be applicable to multiple cities and not just American Cities like California, New York, Chicago ,Los Angeles etc. Even Delhi is somewhat considered to be following this theory. Multi nuclei model could explain a few European cities as well.

7. WHY IS cities like Delhi multi nuclei cities? Explanation: A Multiple-Nuclei Model city is a city that does not have one central area, but instead has several nodes that act as regional centers for economic or residential activity within one larger city. Los Angeles, with its many distinct neighborhoods, is a prototypical example of this type of city. So Indian capital Delhi is some what confirming to the multiple nuclei theory

8. Inferences- SEVERAL INDEPENDENT POINTS RATHER THAN FROM ONE CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT . even distribution of resources. Even distribution of people in residential areas. PROPER CLASSIFICATION OF CLASSES IN THE DESIGN.

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