multiculturalism, social, and personality processes

This slide discussed about multiculturalism, social, and personality processes

1. MULTICULTURALISM:
CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND
PERSONALITY PROCESSES
GROUP 6

2. MELATI AGUSTINA
M. GUFRAN HAWARI
IHSANUL EKA VITRA
KHAIRUL FAJAR
FAHRI RIZKI
OUR MEMBER:OUR MEMBER:

3. Multiculturalism refers to the coexistence and
interaction of multiple cultures within a society,
encompassing various levels of analysis.
DEFINING MULTICULTURALISM:
INDIVIDUAL, INTERGROUP, AND SOCIETAL
LEVELS
DEFINING MULTICULTURALISM:
INDIVIDUAL, INTERGROUP, AND SOCIETAL
LEVELS

4. Individual Level
A multicultural individual is someone who has been exposed to and
has learned more than one culture, but only when this individual
expresses an attachment with these cultures can we say that the
individual has a multicultural identity.
Multicultural identity involves a significant degree of identification
with more than one culture, but not necessarily with all the
internalized cultures..

5. Intergroup Level
The terms "multicultural" and "bicultural" are typically used to
describe individuals but can also be applied to describe nations and
states, institutions and policies, and group.
Biculturalism should not be confused with bilingualism, although
these terms are conceptually related since often (but not always)
bicultural individuals and institutions are also bilingual.

6. Societal Level
Multiculturalism is a controversial issue in some societies, with some
political segments viewing it as a policy that promotes group
stereotyping and negative outgroup feelings and undermines
national unity, social integration, and even security.

7. 1. Acculturation
Acculturation is the process by which individuals or
groups from one culture adopt practices, values,
and norms from another culture, often due to
sustained direct contact. This process can occur
voluntarily or be imposed. Aspects of acculturation
include:
Assimilation: A stage where individuals or groups
fully integrate into the dominant culture, often
at the expense of their original culture.
ACCULTURATION AND
MULTICULTURALISM
ACCULTURATION AND
MULTICULTURALISM

8. Integration: Individuals or groups adopt certain
aspects of the dominant culture while
maintaining their original culture.
Marginalization: Occurs when individuals or
groups are not fully accepted by either the
dominant culture or their original culture.
Separation: Cultural separation where
individuals or groups choose to remain isolated
from the dominant culture and maintain their
own culture.
Example: Migration and adaptation of immigrant
communities in a new country.
ACCULTURATION AND
MULTICULTURALISM
ACCULTURATION AND
MULTICULTURALISM

9. 1. Multiculturalism
Multiculturalism is a policy or view that recognizes,
accepts, and supports cultural diversity within a
society. Its main goal is to create a society where
various cultures can coexist harmoniously, with
mutual respect and understanding. Principles of
multiculturalism include:
Cultural Recognition: Valuing and recognizing the
right of all cultures to exist within a society.
ACCULTURATION AND
MULTICULTURALISM
ACCULTURATION AND
MULTICULTURALISM

10. Equality: Promoting equality in opportunities,
rights, and participation for all cultural groups.
Interaction and Dialogue: Encouraging dialogue
and interaction between different cultural
groups to reduce prejudice and strengthen
social solidarity.
Social Inclusion: Promoting social inclusion where
all individuals have equal access to resources
and participation in community life.
Example: Celebration of festivals and events from
different cultures within one society.
ACCULTURATION AND
MULTICULTURALISM
ACCULTURATION AND
MULTICULTURALISM

11. In cultural studies, cultural frame switching is examined through
the lens of how individuals negotiate and navigate various cultural
contexts. It's seen as a dynamic process where people draw on
different cultural repertoires depending on the situation. Scholars
explore how individuals manage their identities, communication
styles, and behaviors to engage with diverse cultural environments,
often highlighting issues of power, identity, and representation
within these interactions.
CULTURAL FRAME SWITCHINGCULTURAL FRAME SWITCHING

12. ACCULTURATION DOMAINS AND
LEVELS
ACCULTURATION DOMAINS AND
LEVELS
Acculturation changes can take place in many different domains of
life: language use or preference, social affiliation, communication
style, cultural identity and pride, and cultural knowledge, beliefs,
and values (Zane & Mak, 2003); and acculturation changes in some
of these domains may occur independently of changes in other
components In fact, some recent acculturation work suggests that,
independently of how much the mainstream culture is internalized
and practiced, some immigrants and their descendents adhere to
the ethnic cultural values even more strongly than members of
their home country, probably because they can become gradually
“encapsulated” within the norms and values of an earlier era in
their homeland.

13. ACCULTURATION DOMAINS AND
LEVELS
ACCULTURATION DOMAINS AND
LEVELS
There are some factors that trigger this culture encapsulation:
When immigrant groups arrive to a new country, they tend to
bring their own value and norm from their home country at
that time. As time passes, the home culture may undergo
change (e.g., modernization, globalization), but immigrants
continue to transmit this original cultural values and norms
they brought with them.
As immigrants’ multicultural contacts with both the majority
and other minority members increase, the possibility of cultural
assimilation (particularly for their children) become more real,
reactive (conscious or unconscious) behaviors that reflect
higher salience and strengthening of the original home culture
may arise in response.

14. ACCULTURATION DOMAINS AND
LEVELS
ACCULTURATION DOMAINS AND
LEVELS
Although acculturating individuals by and large prefer the
bicultural or integration strategy, in reality, most host countries
are encouraging the assimilation of acculturating individuals into
the dominant culture. Consequently, when national policies and
dominant groups’ acculturation attitudes do not match with
acculturating individuals’ strategies, conflicts and problems in
intergroup relations may arise. Thus, public policies regarding
acculturation and multiculturalism undoubtedly can affect
intercultural relations within a country, especially as changing
global migration patterns diversify many nations around the world.

15. Multicultural individuals may belong to one of the following five groups
based on the voluntariness, mobility, and permanence of contact with the
dominant group: immigrants, refugees, sojourners, ethnic minorities, and
indigenous people (Berry, Kim, Minde, & Mok, 1987). Immigrants arrive in the
host country voluntarily and usually with the intention to stay, whereas
refugees arrive in the host country by force or due to lack of other
alternatives. Like immigrants, sojourners, such as expatriates and (p. 637)
international students, also arrive in the host country voluntarily, but
their stay is usually temporary.
GROUP DIFFERENCES IN MULTICULTURALISMGROUP DIFFERENCES IN MULTICULTURALISM

16. Ethnic minorities and indigenous people are those born in the host country,
but indigenous people differ from ethnic minorities in that the host
country and culture was involuntarily imposed on them (e.g., via colonization
or military occupation). The ethnic minority group may be divided into
second-generation individuals (whose parents are immigrants or refugees)
and third- or later-generation individuals (whose parents were born in the
host country; Padilla, 2006). Many mixed-race or mixed-ethnic individuals
are also multicultural, regardless of their acculturating group status
(Padilla,2006).
GROUP DIFFERENCES IN MULTICULTURALISMGROUP DIFFERENCES IN MULTICULTURALISM

17. Multiculturalism has both positive and negative
psychological and societal consequences. On the
positive side, it fosters diversity, tolerance, and
cross-cultural understanding. However, it can
also lead to challenges such as identity
conflicts, social tensions, and cultural
misunderstandings. Research often examines
how individuals navigate these complexities, and
how societies can promote integration while
celebrating diversity.
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIETAL
CONSEQUENCES OF
MULTICULTURALISM
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIETAL
CONSEQUENCES OF
MULTICULTURALISM

18. 1. Positive Psychological Effects:
Enhanced Cultural Awareness: Exposure to diverse
cultures can broaden individuals' perspectives and
increase their empathy and understanding towards
others.
Cognitive Flexibility: Multicultural environments can
promote cognitive flexibility, allowing individuals to
adapt to different cultural norms and ways of thinking.
Reduced Prejudice: Interacting with people from
different backgrounds can challenge stereotypes and
reduce prejudice and discrimination.
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIETAL
CONSEQUENCES OF
MULTICULTURALISM
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIETAL
CONSEQUENCES OF
MULTICULTURALISM

19. 2. Negative Psychological Effects:
Identity Conflicts: Individuals may struggle to reconcile
multiple cultural identities, leading to identity crises
and internal conflicts.
Acculturative Stress: Immigrants and minorities may
experience stress when adapting to a new culture,
especially if they face discrimination or marginalization.
Cultural Misunderstandings: Differences in communication
styles, values, and norms can lead to misunderstandings
and interpersonal conflicts.
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIETAL
CONSEQUENCES OF
MULTICULTURALISM
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIETAL
CONSEQUENCES OF
MULTICULTURALISM

20. 3. Positive Societal Effects:
Cultural Enrichment: Multiculturalism enriches societies
by bringing together a variety of traditions, cuisines,
languages, and perspectives.
Innovation and Creativity: Diversity fosters creativity
and innovation by encouraging different ways of
thinking and problem-solving.
Social Cohesion: When managed effectively,
multiculturalism promotes social cohesion by fostering a
sense of belonging and inclusivity among diverse
populations.
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIETAL
CONSEQUENCES OF
MULTICULTURALISM
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIETAL
CONSEQUENCES OF
MULTICULTURALISM

21. 4. Negative Societal Effects:
Social Tensions: Inadequate integration policies or
cultural clashes can lead to social tensions and
conflicts within communities.
Ethnic Segregation: Multicultural societies may
experience ethnic segregation, with different groups
living in separate neighborhoods or attending
separate schools.
Political Backlash: Some individuals may react
negatively to multiculturalism, leading to political
movements or policies that promote xenophobia or
nationalism.
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIETAL
CONSEQUENCES OF
MULTICULTURALISM
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIETAL
CONSEQUENCES OF
MULTICULTURALISM

22. THANK YOU!!!
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