Multidisciplinary Nature Of Environmental studies

Resources and its classification, Natural Resources and associated problems, forest resources, water resources, mineral resources, energy resources, soil resources, ecosystem.

1. Multidisciplinary Nature Of Environmental Studies Prepared by :- Mr. Aniket B. Dode. M. Pharm 1 st Year (PQA - Sem II) Roll No:02 Guided By :- Prof. K. N. Tarkase M. Pharm (QA) Dr.V.V.P.F’s COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, AHMEDNAGAR (2018-2019 ) 1

2. Introduction The term environment is derived from french word ‘ ENVIRON ’ which means encircle . So in other words everything that affects living organism is called as environment . Environmental science is called as Multidisciplinary as it brings about an interaction between our natural world ( air, water, soil, and material) and living organism . 2

3. Environmental study is an interdisciplinary study that utilizes information from physical science and social science . Component Of Environment Abiotic Biotic Producer Consumers Decomposers Climate Edaphic Fig.1: Components of Environment 3

4. Segments of Environment Atmosphere Hydrosphere Lightsphere Biosphere Fig. 2: Segments of Environment 4

5. Scope of Environmental Science Conservation of nature and natural resources . Conservation/ protection of biological diversity . Control of environmental and human pollution. Social issues in relation to development and environment . Development of non- polluting renewable energy system and provide new diamension to nature’s security . 5

6. Multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies It utilizes information from different streams of science to deal with various environmental problems Environmental Studies Life Science Modelling Management and awarness Physical Physical science Technology Fig.3 Environmental Studies 6

7. Resources Any thing which is useful for man or can be transformed into a useful product or can be used to produce a useful thing. Natural Resources Its defined as anything that we get from the environment to fullfill our requirments and used without any modification. Ex: air ,water, land ,forest, minerals. 7

8. Classification of natural environment 1. On the basis renewability Non –Renewable /stock resources . Ex: Minerals, coal, oil, natural gases. Renewable /Flow Resources. Ex: solar energy of the sun, oxygen in air ,soil in forest . Fig.4 Classification on the basis of renewability Cyclic Ex: Water can be regenerated by water cycle 8

9. 2. On the basis of utility Fig .5: On the basis of utility 3. On the basis of origin Energy Ex . Solar Energy Fossil Fuels Raw Material Ex. Iron, Sillca ,Diamond ,Vegetable . Biotic Ex. Green plants , Animals, Fungi etc. Abiotic Ex .Land , Water , Air. Fig.6: On the basis of origin 9

10. Natural Resources and Associated Problem The Natural Resources are as follows : 1.Forest Resources. 2.Water Resources. 3.Mineral Resources. 4.Energy Resources . 5. Land /Soil Resources. 10

11. Forest Resources Problems Soil erosion ,loss of biodiversity , global warming , Floods, Drought. Causes Deforestation and exessive use of forests , increased population. Solution Reserve forests by saving trees ,more plantation, cantrol birth rates to control over population. 11

12. Functions of forests Protective function : protect against soil erosion, floods, drought, noise, radiation. Productive function : provide gum resins, medicine, kattha , honey, pulp, bamboo, timber and fruits. Regulative function : regulate level of oxygen ,carbon dioxide, temperature, and water cycle. Accessory function: regulate aesthetics , habitat for wildlife and place for recreartion . 12

13. Water Resources Water resources are sources of water that are useful or potentially useful to humans. Uses of water include agricultural, industrial, household, recreational and environmental activities. Virtually all of these human uses require fresh water. Water forms 60% of our body weight. Water is a renewable and limiting resource. 13

14. About three – fourth of earth’s surface is occupied by oceans. About 97% of the earth’s water is strong saline and The rest 3% is freshwater. Pure, usable water on land is only 0.3%. WATER DEPLETION It is caused by over exploitation, excessive use and unequal access to water among different social groups. 14

15. Increasing population, intensive industrialization, deforestation and mismanagement of water resources have caused a crisis. Conservation of Water It is essential for the survival of mankind, plants and animals. This can be achieved by adopting the following methods: Constructing dams and reservoirs to regulate supply of water to the fields, as well as to enable generating hydroelectricity. 15

16. Sewage should be treated and only the clear water should be released into the rivers. Industrial wastes (effluents) should be treated to prevent chemical and thermal pollution of fresh water. Judicious use of water in our day-to-day life. Rainwater harvesting should be done by storing rainwater and recharging groundwater. 16

17. MINERALS RESOURCES Minerals are naturally occurring, inorganic, crystalline solids having a definite crystalline solids having a definite chemical composition and characteristic . physical properties . Minerals are exhaustible and nonrenewable. Minerals are relatively plentiful. Minerals are over used by industries. Disposal of minerals have negative effects on environment. Metallic minerals – e.g., iron, copper, silver, gold. Non-metallic minerals – e.g., sand, stone salt, phosphates. 17

18. Use of Minerals • The main uses of minerals are as follows: • Development of industrial plants and machinery. • Generation of energy e.g. coal, lignite, uranium. • Construction, housing, settlements. • Defence equipment weapons, armaments. • Transportation means. 18

19. Soil Resources Arable land ( from Latin arabilis , "able to be plowed”)is land capable of being ploughed and used to grow crops. Land is among the most important natural resources. It covers up only 29% of the earth’s surface and all parts of the land are not habitable. The uneven distribution of population indifferent parts of the world is mainly due to varied characteristics of land and climate. 19

20. • Land degradation means : 1) Loss of natural fertility of soil because of loss of nutrients. 2) Less vegetation cover. 3) Changes in the characteristic of soil. 4) Pollution of water resources from the contamination of soil through which water. 5)sweeps into ground or runoff to the water bodies. 6)Changes in climatic conditions because of unbalance created in the environment. 20

21. Causes of land degradation Deforestation. Soil erosion by wind or water. Rainfall. Industrialization. Unsustainable Urban agricultural practices expansion. Biotic Factor. 21

22. Ecosystem A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment such as forest, grassland, desert etc. Biotic / Abiotic components There is a great variety of ecosystems in existence, all of them are characterized by general structural and functional attributes Aquatic ecosystem, desert ecosystem. 22

23. Classfication of Ecosystem 23 Fig no. 07 :Classification of Ecosystem

24. Structure of Ecosystem • Inorganic- C,N,CO2. • Organic- Carbohydrate, protein ,fat. • Climate regimes- Temperature, moisture, light. • Producers- Plants, algae. • Macro consumer- Large animals. • Micro consumer- Saprophytes, fungi. 24

25. Functions Nutrient cycle 25 Fig no. 08 :Nutrient Cycle .

26. Food Chain • The particular pathway of nutrient and energy movement depends on which organism feeds on anther. Transfer of energy from source in plant through a series of organisms by eating and being eaten, constitute the food chain. • At transfer a large portion of energy is lost in form of heat. • Each step of food web is called tropic level. 26

27. Trophic levels A trophic level means a feeding level. – First level – all producers. – Second level – all herbivores. – Third level – first level carnivores. – Fourth level – second level carnivores. – So on…….. Energy and Nutrients passed through the ecosystem by food chains and webs from lower trophic level to the higher trophic level. 27

28. However, only 5% to 20% energy and nutrients are transferred into higher trophic level successfully. • For this reason, first trophic level has the largest number of organisms, and second trophic level is less than first one; the third level is less than second level, and so on. 28

29. 29 Fig no 09 : Trophic level .

30. Ecological pyramid • Producer utilize energy directly from sun and convert it to biomass. • Base of pyramid is made of first trophic level organism (producers). • Then Herbivores which eat on plants. • Then Second trophic level organisms, carnivores. • Then predators third trophic level. 30

31. 31 Fig no. 10: Ecological Energy Pyramid.

32. Conclusion Environmental science is called as Multidisciplinary as it brings about an interaction between our natural world and living organism . It deals with various environmental problems Associsted with Life Sciences, Physical Science, Modling , technology etc. There are various segments which are property of environment which need be protected For their long term conservation. Ecosystem is an important part of environmet which describes the corelation between living and non living things in environment. 32

33. References Dr.Singh Y ,“ Environmental Science”, New age international (P) limited P. 101 -108. Dwivedi A , Khabiya R ,“ Environmental Science” , Tech-Max publications, pune P. 1.1-1.44 & 2.1-2.23 . 33

34. 34 T H A N K YOU…