Multifactorial theory of disease causation.pptx

Alhamdulillah.
my presentation on Multifactorial theory of disease causation briefly describe about the disease and the theory of disease causation also elements of multifactorial theory of disease causation, its impact on epidemiology.

1. Welcome to Multifactorial theory of disease causation Prepared by: Rabeya Sultana Reta MSN (1 ST semester) BSMMU

2. The theory of multifactorial causation of disease was first proposed by Galen in 130-150 AD. In 1819-1901, this theory was put forward by Paten Kofer of Germany , but this was overshadowed by “Germ theory” at that time. Pettenkofer proposed that- Disease is a result of many factors as opposed to germ theory where the idea of a single cause was used. Multifactorial theory of disease causation

3. Predisposing Exciting and Environmental These predisposing factors are-- Social Environmental Economical and Psychological Including- Illiteracy, poverty, ignorance, poor living conditions, overcrowding etc. Galen said the factors are-

4. Tuberculosis is not merely due to tubercle bacilli, Factors such as- Poverty Malnutrition Overcrowding Contribute to occurrence of tuberculosis . The concept of disease is not a single factor but due to multiple factors

5. Multiple factors are responsible for disease. De-emphasize the concept of disease agent causation i.e.“ Germ theory ”. Common in non-communicable diseases. As for example: Lung cancer Coronary heart disease Chronic bronchitis . Features of multifactorial theory of disease causation

6. Alternative causal factors acting independently. Example: In lung cancer, hereditary, smoking, air pollution can produce lung cancer independently. Features Cont…

7. H eart disease is most likely to manifest itself in individuals-- w ho are older who smoke who do not exercise who are overweight who have high blood pressure who have high cholesterol and who have family history of heart disease. According to the multicausation disease model-

8. Now it is recognized that, a disease is not only caused by an organism, but also predisposed by many factors contributing its occurrence. For example - Modern diseases of civilization like lung cancer, diabetes, coronary heart disease and mental illness has several contributing factors behind for there occurrence. Multifactorial causation

9. Coronary heart disease and cancer are due to multiple factors. For example- Excess of saturated fat intake, smoking, lack of physical activity and obesity are involved in the pathogenesis of Coronary Heart D isease. Most of these factors are linked to life style and human behavior. Cont…

10. Causative factors Group or populations and their characteristics. Environment, behavior, culture, physiological factors & ecological elements. Advanced model of triangle of epidemiology TIME

11. Improvements in public health and medicine brought about a decline in communicable diseases. Multiple causes for a disease meant numerous method of preventing that disease . But essential to prioritize the sequence of modification of the causal factors to tackle the disease causation. Multifactorial causation in disease prevention

12. Obesity can induce multiple metabolic abnormalities that contribute to most of chronic diseases, so control it first. Change in any of the causal factors e.g.- Life style and habits- diet, sleeping, bathing. Alcohol and smoking Social factors-less healthier foods, poverty, environmental factors-overcrowding, sanitation, pollution etc. Prevention cont.…

13. Control medical factors- medications, hypothyroidism, high blood pressure etc. Control psychological issues- stress and anxiety . Prevention cont.…

14. The basic tenet of epidemiology is to study- The cluster of cause The combinations of effects and How they relates to each other This theory provides a model which shows variety of possible interventions to reduce the occurrence of disease. The Multifactorial theory helps us to understand the various associated causative factors, prioritize and plan measures to control the disease. Conclusion

15. Thanks to all