Multilingualism and bilingualism

These slides covers the basic concept of sociolinguistics "Bilngualism".

1. By Abdul Farooq Khan Multilingualism Department of English Language and Literature, MUL Multilingualism

2. Humans’ distinctive ability of communication Language is the ability to acquire and use complex systems of communication. Department of English Language and Literature, MUL Language

3. Linguistics is the scientific study of human language Branches Historical Linguistics Descriptive Linguistics Sociolinguistics Department of English Language and Literature, MUL Linguistics

4. Study of cultural pattern of speaking in different social contexts Why do we speak differently depending on the culture or even situation we are in? Why do we call our doctors “Doctor” even we see them out of their clinics but don’t call our lawyer “Lawyer”? Department of English Language and Literature, MUL Sociolinguistics

5. is the condition of being able to speak only a single language Department of English Language and Literature, MUL Monolingualism Multilingualism is the condition of being able to speak/understand More than one languages One can be Bilingual Trilingual

6. native-like control of two languages - Bloomfield speaker of one language becomes able to produce complete, meaningful utterances in the other language - Haugen is the condition of being able to speak/understand two languages Bilingual is one who can speak/understand more than two languages Bilingualism could be additive Subtractive Receptive Department of English Language and Literature, MUL Bilingualism

7. Department of English Language and Literature, MUL Additive Bilingualism A situation where a second language is learnt by an individual or a group without detracting from the development of the first language.

8. Department of English Language and Literature, MUL Subtractive Bilingualism A situation where a second language is learnt by an individual or a group on the risk of loosing the first language.

9. A situation in which one can understand but can not speak a language Department of English Language and Literature, MUL Receptive bilingualism

10. There are three following approaches to be a bilingual Sequential Bilingualism Simultaneous Bilingualism Co-ordinate Bilingualism Department of English Language and Literature, MUL Approaches to be Bilingual

11. Department of English Language and Literature, MUL Sequential bilingualism Sequential bilingualism occurs when a person becomes bilingual by first learning one language and then another.

12. Department of English Language and Literature, MUL Simultaneous bilingualism Simultaneous bilingualism occurs when a person becomes bilingual by learning both language at the same time

13. Department of English Language and Literature, MUL Coordinated bilingualism Coordinated bilingualism occurs when an individual learns the languages separately, in separate environments

14. Department of English Language and Literature, MUL Causes of bilingualism Migration Education and culture Border Areas Religion

15. Department of English Language and Literature, MUL Benefits of bilingualism Personal benefits Cognitive benefits Academic benefits Societal benefits

16. Department of English Language and Literature, MUL The end Any Question